液压锤打桩动态过程有限元分析

摘 要：液压锤打桩过程是由多结构组成的冲击过程。对其复杂的相互作用进行动态分析,对实现液压锤打桩效果及桩的设计有着指导作用。针对锤头、锤垫、砧座、桩垫、桩与土组成的锤击系统,建立有限元模型,采用罚函数法处理接触,对工业试验进行模拟。打击软土层与持力层时,测试点应力的计算结果与实测值吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性。在此基础上,分析了不同打击层应力沿桩长和桩径的分布,得到了桩上的应力分布规律,指导桩的设计。使用持力层打击模型,就垫层弹性模量比对桩顶锤击应力的影响进行了分析,得到了垫层材料的选择依据。     

四列角接触球轴承振动特性研究

基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立了四列角接触球轴承的动力学分析模型,并以某型号四列角接触球轴承为例,对不同结构参数与工况参数下的轴承振动特性进行理论分析。结果表明:对于四列角接触球轴承,根据使用工况选择大、小球列不同的内、外沟曲率半径系数与初始接触角更有利于轴承的减振降噪;对轴承施加一定的轴向预紧量可有效减小轴承振动;存在较为合理的轴向载荷、倾覆力矩及内圈转速范围使四列角接触球轴承在使用时的振动较小。     

单排球式回转支承动态力学性能研究

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立回转支承的多体动力接触有限元模型,采用显式动力学有限元算法,综合考虑载荷和转速对回转支承的影响,对回转支承的运转过程进行数值模拟,得出了单排球式回转支承在运转过程中滚动体的动态响应、应力分布及滚道的米塞斯应力分布。并将计算结果与赫兹理论计算结果进行比较,验证了动态仿真的合理性,为回转支承的设计提供可靠的理论依据。     

准双曲面齿轮动态啮合性能的有限元分析研究

研究准双曲面齿轮动态啮合有限元分析模型的构建方法,建立了合理的有限元模型。基于接触动力学的基本理论和显式有限元分析方法,对准双曲面齿轮的动态啮合性能进行了研究,得到啮合接触冲击特性、齿面接触区域、齿面接触应力及齿根弯曲应力等在轮齿动态啮合过程中的变化规律。以转速和负载两个典型的工作条件为变量,建立对比分析模型,研究转速和负载对准双曲面齿轮动态啮合性能的影响。转速对准双曲面齿轮动态啮合性能影响显著,而负载对准双面齿轮的动态啮合性能影响则跟转速有关,随着转速的增大,相同的负载变化对动态啮合性能的影响逐渐减弱。     

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的6201深沟球轴承动力学仿真与分析

以6201型深沟球轴承为研究对象,在CATIA中建立轴承的三维简化模型,然后导入ANSYS/LS-DYNA中进行有限元分析,研究了工况条件以及沟曲率半径对轴承振动的影响。其中,利用该模型获得的滚动体自转、公转速度与理论值一致性良好,说明该分析方法是可行的。     

基于显式有限元的薄壁结构吸能特性预测

为了探讨轴向载荷冲击作用下试验参数对薄壁结构吸能特性的影响规律，预测和分析某一类型的薄壁结构吸能特性，基于显式有限元技术建立了这一类型薄壁结构的BP人工神经网络吸能特性预测模型。以方形薄壁结构为例，通过改变结构质量、冲击速度、横截面尺寸、壁厚等影响结构吸能特性的因素对这一类型的薄壁结构进行了大量的数值试验，获得不同试验条件下的结构吸能特性参数，然后建立了这一类型薄壁结构的吸能特性预测模型，并进行自主训练学习, 当训练步数为2035时，网络模型达到误差要求。结果表明：该BP神经网络模型的输出样本与目标值十分接近, 比吸能误差值为-2.53％，有效撞击力误差值为4.67％，有效撞击行程误差值为-3.90％，说明该模型具有较好的精度。     

计及套圈变形的电主轴角接触球轴承动刚度分析

针对高速电主轴结构特点,应用弹性力学和滚动轴承动力学理论,建立考虑内圈弯曲变形影响的角接触球轴承动刚度分析模型,探讨不同工况下内圈的径向挠度及其对轴承动刚度的影响,最后在12MD60Y6型号电主轴上进行轴承动刚度测试。理论和实验结果表明,内圈径向挠度和轴承的轴向载荷成正比、与转速成反比,在重载条件下其值不容忽视。考虑内圈径向挠度的轴承动刚度计算结果更接近实验结果。     

有限元仿真技术在板材成形中的应用

有限元仿真技术具有很强的经济性和柔性,已广泛应用于汽车钢铁工业领域。文中论述了板材成形有限元仿真分析的关键技术及其研究进展,并采用动力显式有限元软件LS-DYNA对轻型车侧围后外板零件冲压成形过程进行了仿真计算,分析了变形过程的金属流动规律。     

结构碰撞分析中的动态显式有限元方法及应用

针对结构碰撞问题具有的大位移、大转动、大变形、大应变特性，论述了求解这类问题的动态显式有限元方法与传统有限元方法不同的几个关键环节，即增量运动方程的表述形式、材料的本构关系、应变率效应、单元理论、接触处理及积分格式等。随后，给出了动态显式有限元方法在汽车前部纵向吸能梁、轮船前部棱锥结构及磨床砂轮破裂后防护罩变形过程等结构碰撞分析中的 ３ 个应用实例。最后，指出了今后在研究中值得注意的几个问题     

地震作用下曲线梁桥非均匀碰撞效应研究

曲线梁桥在地震作用下产生的不规则平面旋转位移使得应用碰撞单元法计算曲线梁体碰撞效应存在一定的局限性,为了探讨曲线梁桥地震碰撞效应的非均匀分布规律,提出了采用显式动力接触算法计算曲线梁桥地震碰撞效应的数值模拟方法,并分析曲线连续梁桥碰撞效应引起的主梁、挡块和桥墩的冲击地震反应特点。结果表明,主梁与桥台胸墙的碰撞作用限制了主梁的切向位移,使得固定墩墩底弯矩小于不考虑碰撞时的墩底弯矩。碰撞后梁端截面顶板正应力和曲线内外侧挡块径向应力的分布严重不均匀,梁端截面悬臂翼缘的正应力明显小于腹板间顶板的正应力,曲线外侧挡块的径向应力显著大于内侧挡块的径向应力。地震碰撞作用使得主梁的最大拉应力和压应力通常会发生在梁体曲线的内外侧。这为合理解释曲线连续梁桥在强震下的碰撞破坏震害现象提供了理论指导。     

动态镦粗过程的动力显式有限元分析

为了研究金属的三维动态锤锻成形过程,基于连续介质力学及有限变形理论,建立了一种有限元模型.采用动力分析方法,在运动方程中加入惯性力项考虑锤锻中显著的惯性效应;根据设备的工作原理按照能量守恒定律计算变形期间的锤头速度;同时,将变形视为一个绝热过程计算变形期间试样内部的温度升高.基于建立的模型开发了动力显式有限元分析程序,模拟了铅块试样在落锤打击下的动态镦粗过程,给出了试样内部的位移、等效应变、等效应力和温度分布规律.将变形后试样几何形状、成形载荷-时间曲线和锤头速度-时间曲线的计算结果与实验结果相对比,表明了开发程序计算结果的准确性.     

Fracture analysis for ceramic ball in backflow valve

Ceramic balls have been used as components of devices, such as those found in high‐pressure pumps for automobiles and industrial machines. In the backflow valve, for example, a ceramic ball is in contact with a conical surface. Fractures of ceramic balls are extremely rare. It is important to investigate the cause of these rare fractures to guarantee higher reliability in the backflow valve. In this paper, the fracture mechanism and strength are discussed for an equivalent normal stress σ_eq beneath the contact region and the maximum principal stress σ_p near the contact boundary using stress intensity from fracture mechanics. The fracture surface of the ceramic ball was formed perpendicular to load direction. We assumed that fracture origins (defect/crack) existed on lines through three high stresses that analysed by finite element method. Actual fracture of a ceramic ball was found to be caused by the equivalent normal stress beneath contact region and not to be caused by the Hertz principal stress. Stress intensity factor (SIF) was clarified to depend on pressure, taper angle, CrN‐coating thickness and the friction factor of the inside of the valve hole. A pre‐existing defect size involved in failure was estimated by the SIF using three‐dimensional elliptic defects and equivalent normal stress. Therefore, the actual fracture of a ceramic ball, which rarely occurs, could be evaluated by considering three‐dimensional elliptic defects and the Weibull distribution of defects.     

Finite element simulation of dynamic crack propagation process using an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation

In this paper, the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation is employed for finite element modelling of dynamic crack propagation problem. The application phase simulation of computational dynamic fracture is applied to model by which the crack propagation history and variation of crack velocity are predicted using the material dynamic fracture toughness. The dynamic solution of problem is accomplished using the implicit time integration method. The convective terms due to mesh‐material motion are taken into account via the convection equation. A robust and efficient mesh motion technique, that its equations need not to be solved at every time step, is employed in Eulerian phase. The mesh connectivity is preserved during the analysis. So, the successive remeshing of model is eliminated. When the dynamic fracture criterion is satisfied for crack growth, the presented algorithm allows the crack to advance by splitting the material particle at the crack tip. The dynamic energy release rate is calculated at each time step to determine dynamic stress intensity factor. The predicted results are compared with those obtained through the experimental study and remeshing technique cited in the literature. The proposed computational algorithm leads to an accurate and efficient simulation of dynamic crack propagation process.     

CFRP索斜拉桥动态特性的有限元分析及动态试验

介绍了国内首座CFRP索斜拉桥的工程概况;建立了该桥的三维空间梁壳杆系有限元动态分析模型,进行了结构动态特性有限元分析;进行了环境激励下国内首座CFRP索斜拉桥结构动态特性的测试,结合试验结果对国内首座CFRP索斜拉桥的动态特性进行了分析。同时,将实桥动态试验结果与有限元动态特性分析结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,有限元动态特性分析的低阶频率和振型与试验测得的频率与振型结果基本吻合。笔者等试验及相关研究分析结论可为CFRP索桥梁的动态建模、动态特性分析、抗震抗风设计及CFRP新型缆索材料在桥梁工程中的进一步推广应用提供一定的参考依据。     

The inside–outside contact search algorithm for finite element analysis

A new contact search algorithm (Inside–Outside Algorithm) for the sheet forming simulation has been developed and implemented in the dynamic explicit FE code: ‘DYNAMIC’. The inside–outside algorithm is derived based on the feature of the inside–outside status of a nodal ‘mesh normal vector’ in respect to a surface segment for the judgment of the contact of FE nodes with the tool surface. This new algorithm includes local search, local track and penetration calculation processes. Almost no additional CPU time is required for the local search process, because the calculations for both global and local search are combined. Moreover, the problems of conventional contact searching algorithms, such as iterations for local search and the deadzone problem, are resolved. Therefore, the quick, robust contact searching and accurate evaluation of penetration have been achieved. The numerical results show that the new contact searching algorithm is more cost effective and robust than conventional ones. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite element analysis of substation composite insulators

Composite insulators are rapidly replacing their porcelain counterparts in electrical substation applications. These insulators consist of a glass-reinforced polymer (GRP) rod, with two metal end fittings radially crimped onto the ends of the rod during assembly. In this paper, axisymmetric finite element models are developed to evaluate the mechanical performance of composite insulators under externally applied axial compression. The analyses are performed by assuming both a perfectly bonded interface between the composite rod and the end fittings, and an imperfect interface which permits large relative sliding with Coulomb friction. Results indicate that the perfect interface model is unrealistic since it predicts singular stresses at the interface comer and an overall linear structural response. On the other hand, the imperfect interface model is found to simulate accurately the structural non-linearity caused by relative sliding of the GRP rod within the end fittings. The imperfect interface model has therefore been used to evaluate the effects of interface friction, and the extent of crimping, on the maximum load-bearing capacity of substation composite insulators.     

Finite element method for mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication of journal‐bearing systems

A finite element model is presented for mixed lubrication of journal‐bearing systems operating in adverse conditions. The asperity effects on contact and lubrication at large eccentricity ratios are modelled. The elastic deformation due to both hydrodynamic and contact pressure, and the cavitation of the lubricant film are considered in the model system. Two verification problems with both theoretical and experimental comparisons are given to show the effectiveness of this model. Finally, a new example is presented which discusses the influence of waviness depth, secondary roughness, external force and shaft speed on the mixed lubrication. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.