铝箔交流扩面腐蚀中SO2-4缓蚀机理的研究

测试了高纯电子铝箔(以下简称铝箔)在2 mol/L HCl和2 mol/L HCl+0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中三角波动电位激励时的电流响应曲线,用Daubechies2小波对所测得的电流响应曲线进行了时频分解,研究了SO2-4在铝箔交流扩面电蚀工程中的缓蚀机理.提出了铝箔在含Cl-溶液中点蚀时的氧空位侵蚀机理模型,该模型指出在一定的酸度条件下,在侵蚀膜表面形成的正电荷集中点是Cl-与SO2-4发生特性吸附的原因;Cl-在侵蚀膜内的主要传输途径是存在于侵蚀膜内微晶晶界上的氧空位链;进入侵蚀膜内的SO2-4在强场作用下发生离解,离解出的O2-与侵蚀膜内的氧空位作用,致使氧空位湮灭,切断了Cl-在侵蚀膜内的传输途径,同时由于这种作用调整了Cl-在侵蚀膜内传输的网络结构,增加了蚀孔内新生蚀孔的萌生机率,从而在铝箔电蚀扩面腐蚀工程中起到了独特的缓蚀作用.     

4-3-2-1评价模式在大学课程教学中的运用

传统的大学教学评价模式存在一些弊端，4-3-2-1评价模式综合考虑学生期终考试成绩、平时作业、平时表现和课堂答问等方面情况，分别赋以不同权重作为评价学生学习成绩依据，能充分调动学生学习积极性，在实际应用中能取得良好效果。     

Phase diagrams of Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 and Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 systems

The phase diagrams of the Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 and Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 systems have been reassessed using differential thermal analysis together with high-temperature and room-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the compound Li2MoO4.6Na2MoO4 did not exist; however, it confirmed the existence of the compound Li2MoO4.3Na2MoO4 in the Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 systen＇ls. With regard to the system of Na2MoO4-K2MoO4, we could not confirm the results reported by Bukhanova who claimed that the system was eutectic type with 1：1 and 1：2 intermediate compounds, refuting the statement of Amadori who thought there was an apparent phase boundary at high temperature in α-solid solution region of the Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 binary system. The revised phase diagrams of these systems are illustrated in this article. These experimental results are in agreement with the computerized prediction using the support vector machine-atomic parameter method for the assessment of phase diagrams.     

SO2-4 ,PO3 4- 对曼尼希碱酸化缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响

目的：研究废酸液中介质离子对曼尼希碱酸化缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响,以解决碳钢在酸液中的腐蚀问题。方法采用静态失重法、极化曲线、扫描电镜及能谱分析法,研究SO2-4,PO3-4对曼尼希碱型酸化缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响,并探究其作用机理。结果在10%(质量分数)盐酸、0.1%(质量分数)曼尼希碱的缓蚀介质中,随SO2-4质量分数的增大,腐蚀电流密度由2.81μA/cm2增加至7.32μA/cm2,腐蚀速率显著增大,缓蚀效果变弱;随PO3-4质量分数的增加,腐蚀电流密度由2.81μA/cm2减小至2.41μA/cm2,腐蚀速率减小,缓蚀效果变强。结论 SO2-4会通过钢铁表面已经形成的吸附膜上的细孔和缺陷渗入膜内,使膜发生开裂,从而侵蚀和破坏已经形成的吸附膜,抑制缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果;PO3-4与腐蚀产物Fe3+络合并在钢材表面形成一层致密的保护层,使缓蚀剂形成的吸附膜更加致密,阻止腐蚀性介质与金属表面接触,同时增加对离子或溶解氧的扩散阻力,提高缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果。     

深冷处理对ZQAl10-4-4铝青铜压缩性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及电子万能试验机对深冷处理前后ZQAl10-4-4铝青铜的微观组织、压缩断口形貌及抗压强度进行了观察与测试,探讨了深冷处理对ZQAl10-4-4铝青铜压缩性能的影响。结果表明,深冷处理能降低铸态铝青铜的抗压强度,深冷处理后再经600 ℃×5 min回火,铝青铜的抗压强度得到明显提高,铝青铜的显微组织与抗压强度有良好的对应关系。     

Initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc in presence of Na_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4

1 Introduction In view of the widespread use of zinc, as metallic sheet or zinc coatings, it was desirable to study its corrosion behaviour in the wide variety of atmospheres. The atmospheric corrosion of zinc has been studied in field exposures as well …     

Adsorption of 3-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl methyl)-4-methyl thiazolium chloride on mild steel

The adsorption of 3-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl methyl)-4-methyl thiazolium chloride (AMMPTC) or vitamin B₁ at the mild steel surface from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution is studied using chemical techniques. The surface coverage with the adsorbed AMMPTC is used to calculate the free energy of adsorption, , of AMMPTC using Bockris-Swinkels isotherm. The dependence of free energy of adsorption, , with surface coverage, θ, is ascribed to surface heterogeneity of the adsorbent. The effect of AMMPTC is discussed from the viewpoint of adsorption model. The adsorption of AMMPTC molecules on the surface occurs without modifying the kinetic of corrosion process which is of first order with respect to mild steel.     

热处理对NCu30-4-2-1合金组织与性能的影响

本文采用差示扫描量热仪及透射电子显微镜研究了热处理工艺对NCu30-4-2-1合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度为850 ℃时,合金组织变化不明显;随着固溶温度的提高,枝晶间共晶组织逐渐溶解,当固溶温度为950 ℃时,枝晶组织基本消失,合金中β强化相基本溶入固溶体基体中,形成单相过饱和固溶体组织;继续提高固溶温度至1050 ℃时,晶粒异常长大。增加时效温度和时间,合金硬度值先增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳。合金经时效处理600 ℃×8 h,主要析出相为细小弥散分布的β´-Ni₃Si相,并与基体保持良好共格关系,合金强度硬度最大,断后伸长率较高。     

以NH4FePO4·H2O为前驱体微波法合成LiFePO4及其性能研究

用FeSO4、H3PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、NH3·H2O为原料合成NH4FePO4·H2O前驱体,再与LiCO3和蔗糖均匀混合,烘干后埋入活性炭粉中,在最大功率为800 W的家用微波炉中以320～640 W功率加热一定时间,获得LiFePO4.用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析对NH4FePO4.H2O和LiFePO4的形貌结构进行了表征.研究了微波输入功率、加热时间对LiFePO4结构和电化学性能的影响.研究表明,在320 W下微波加热15 min得到的LiFePO4材料,具有良好的电化学性能.在0.05 C放电倍率下可达到156 mAh/g的放电比容量,在0.5 C放电倍率下仍可达到115 mAh/g的放电比容量.     

以NH4FePO4·H2O制备LiFePO4及其性能研究

用FeSO4,H3PO4,NH3·H2O为原料合成NH4FePO4·H2O前驱体,再与Li2CO3和蔗糖均匀混合,通过高温固相反应法合成了LiFePO4正极材料.用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析对NH4FePO4·H2O和LiFePO4的结构进行了表征.研究了不同含碳量对LiFePO4晶体结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,NH4FePO4·H2O前驱体和LiFePO4具有结构相似性,在高温固相反应时NH4FePO4·H2O与Li2CO3发生置换反应.材料具有较好的电化学性能.     

用丝束电极研究SO2-4对纯铝缝隙腐蚀的影响

采用动电位极化和丝束电极技术测量了纯铝在2mol/L NaCl和2mol/L NaCl+0.8mol/L Na2SO4溶液中的极化曲线、缝隙内外的自腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗分布,研究了SO2-4对铝缝隙腐蚀的影响.结果表明,在NaCl溶液中,缝隙内的铝为阳极、缝隙外为阴极;随浸泡时间增加,腐蚀不均匀性增加.加入Na2SO4后,减小了缝隙内外腐蚀电位差,显著降低了铝的腐蚀速度.Na2SO4是中性溶液中铝的吸附型缓蚀剂,延缓了缝隙腐蚀的发生.     

Effect of La3+ on Dehydrogenation Capacity of the LiAlH4- NH4Cl System

实验分析了LaCl3和La2O3对LiAlH4-NH4Cl体系放氢性能的影响。结果显示,掺杂La2O3缩短了试样的放氢起始时间,并且提高了试样的放氢速率。然而,掺杂LaCl3明显降低了试样的放氢速率。进一步的研究显示,随着LaCl3和La2O3加入量的增加,除了掺杂3 mol%LaCl3的试样,其它的试样在180 min内的放氢量显示出了一个逐步降低的趋势。此外,掺杂La2O3试样的最大放氢量明显高于掺杂LaCl3试样。除此以外,SEM分析结果显示,掺杂试样与未掺杂试样的微观结构都是相似的,没有显示出明显的不同。     

铝电解用NiFe2O4-10NiO基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的耐腐蚀性能

制备铝电解用NiFe2O4-10NiO基金属陶瓷惰性阳极,并在实验室电解槽中考察其电解腐蚀性能。结果表明,电解过程中虽然惰性阳极在960°C熔盐电解质中表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能,但采用XRD、SEM/EDX和金相分析其物相组成和微观结构后发现,电解后阳极中的金属相发生了优先腐蚀,在阳极表面产生大量孔洞。NiFe2O4相中的 Fe 元素的优先溶解可能导致 NiFe2O4晶粒的不均匀腐蚀。溶解在电解液中的 Al2O3与阳极中的 NiO 或FeO 发生反应生成的 NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4相对 NiO 相的吞并以及体积膨胀,阳极表面形成致密的NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4保护层。因此,致密的NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4保护层可以阻挡阳极表面金属相的损失和陶瓷相的腐蚀。     

铝箔交流扩面腐蚀中SO_4~(2-)缓蚀机理的研究

测试了高纯电子铝箔 (以下简称铝箔 )在 2mol/LHCl和 2mol/LHCl+0 5mol/LH2 SO4溶液中三角波动电位激励时的电流响应曲线 ,用Daubechies2小波对所测得的电流响应曲线进行了时频分解 ,研究了SO2 -4在铝箔交流扩面电蚀工程中的缓蚀机理 .提出了铝箔在含Cl-溶液中点蚀时的氧空位侵蚀机理模型 ,该模型指出在一定的酸度条件下 ,在侵蚀膜表面形成的正电荷集中点是Cl-与SO2 -4发生特性吸附的原因 ;Cl-在侵蚀膜内的主要传输途径是存在于侵蚀膜内微晶晶界上的氧空位链 ;进入侵蚀膜内的SO2 -4在强场作用下发生离解 ,离解出的O2 -与侵蚀膜内的氧空位作用 ,致使氧空位湮灭 ,切断了Cl-在侵蚀膜内的传输途径 ,同时由于这种作用调整了Cl-在侵蚀膜内传输的网络结构 ,增加了蚀孔内新生蚀孔的萌生机率 ,从而在铝箔电蚀扩面腐蚀工程中起到了独特的缓蚀作用     

Modulated Phases in the Ba2SiO4-Ca2SiO4 System of A2BX4, K2SO4-related Structures

Abstract

The A₂BX₄ family of K₂SO₄-related structures have long been of interest to crystal chemists, largely due to the numerous different polymorphs and complicated sequences of phase transitions they sometimes exhibit as a function of temperature. For most such A₂BX₄ compounds, there are essentially only two distinct structure types or parent structures — a high-temperature, ?hexagonal‘ form isomorphous to α-K₂SO₄ and a lower-temperature, orthorhombic form isomorphous to β-K₂SO₄. In addition to these two prototype structures, however, there often exist weakly distorted, or modulated, variants. In the case of the Ba_2-xCa_xSiO₄ system, five such modulated variants have been found via an electron diffraction study and characterized. The characteristic satellite extinction conditions associated with the weak satellite reflections have been used to determine displacement eigenvectors and atomic displacement patterns associated with each of the observed modulation wave-vectors. The widespread occurrence of modulated phases within the A₂BX₄ family of K₂SO₄-related structures suggests an almost chronic instability to displacive modulation.     

近紫外光激发的全色荧光粉Ba_3Ca_4Mg(SiO_4)_4:Eu~(2+),Mn~(2+)的合成和发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了Eu2+,Mn2+共激活的Ba3Ca4Mg(SiO4)4荧光粉,讨论了其光谱性能和晶体结构。光谱测试结果显示,该荧光粉在近紫外光激发下能够发射出波长430～700nm的宽峰,由460,495,595nm等多峰叠加而成,其激发光谱在250～450nm均有较强的吸收;通过X射线衍射数据分析,该荧光粉存在两种晶相,分别是BaCa2Mg(SiO4)2和Ba1.31Ca0.69SiO4。变化Mn2+浓度能够对荧光粉的色温(CCT)、显色指数(CRI)和色坐标进行调节。其中Ba3Ca4Mg(SiO4)4:0.08Eu2+,0.13Mn2+荧光粉的CCT6592K、CRI84.3、色坐标(0.3137,0.3118)与日光色(CCT6500K;色坐标(0.3030,0.3370))的白光参数较接近,是一种适合于近紫外光芯片InGaN激发的WLED用全色荧光粉。     

Na2SO4- and NaCl-Induced hot corrosion of six nickel-base superalloys

The short-time hot-corrosion behavior of six industrial nickel-base superalloys was investigated with static deposits of Na₂SO₄ or NaCl or both in still air. The oxidation kinetics and scale morphologies were measured with traditional laboratory techniques-thermobalance, metallography, electron microprobe, and x-ray analyses. Susceptibility to hot corrosion was found to be correlated to the type of scale produced during simple oxidation. Alloys forming an A1₂O₃ scale were found to be susceptible to Na₂SO₄ deposits, independent of their chromium content. The quantity of Na₂SO₄ deposit dictated the nature of the attack and, under certain conditions, the refractory element alloy additions appeared to play an essential role. Alloys containing Cr₂O₃ or TiO₂ in the simple oxidation scale proved to be sensitive to NaCl attack. Again, the severity of the attack within the susceptible alloy group was not related to the chromium or titanium content. Although less intensive than the Na₂SO₄ -induced hot corrosion, NaCl contaminations provoked extensive spalling. All of the hotcorrosion types encountered in this study were interpreted in the light of existing theories.Supported by the Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique.     

g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料的制备及其气敏性能

摘 要：采用水热-煅烧法制备了Cd2SnO4,并使用超声混合法制备一系列不同质量比例的g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料进行了表征,研究了不同比例的g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料的气敏性能。气敏性能研究结果表明：当g-C3N4的加入量为2.5 wt%（质量分数）时,g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料对于异丙醇气体的灵敏度最高,在170℃的最佳工作温度下,对100 μL/L的异丙醇气体的灵敏度可达117,与纯Cd2SnO4的灵敏度1.4相比提高了78倍,最低检测限为0.1 μL/L。     

Li_4SiO_4-Eu_2O_3的溶胶-凝胶法合成及电导性能

用溶胶 -凝胶法制备了 L i4Si O4- x Eu2 O3(x=0 .0 0～ 0 .15 )离子导体材料 ,并用差热和热重分析仪 (DTA- TG) ,X射线衍射仪 (XRD) ,透射电镜 (TEM)及交流阻抗等技术对样品进行了观察和测试。结果发现 :用溶胶 -凝胶法可降低 L i4Si O4的合成温度并可提高离子的导电性 ,适量 Eu2 O3的掺入可提高基质材料的导电性能。     

Li4SiO4—Eu2O3的溶胶—凝胶法合成及电导性能

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了Ｌｉ４ＳｉＯ４－ｘＥｕ２Ｏ３（ｘ＝０．００～０．１５）离子导体材料,并用差热和热重分析仪（ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ）、Ｘ射线衍射仪（ＸＲＤ）,透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）及交流阻抗等技术对样品进行了观察和测试。结果发现：用溶胶－凝胶法可降低Ｌｉ４ＳｉＯ４的合成温度并可提高离子的导电性,适量Ｅｕ２Ｏ２的掺入可提高基质材料的导电性能。