Follow-up of the Δ4 to Δ16 trans-18∶1 isomer profile and content in French processed foods containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils during the period 1995–1999. Analytical and nutritional implications

A survey of the total content of trans-18∶1 acids and their detailed profile in French food lipids was conducted in 1995–1996, and 1999. For this purpose, 37 food items were chosen from their label indicating the presence of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) in their ingredients. The content as well as the detailed profile of these isomers was established by a combination of argentation thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) on long polar capillary columns. With regard to the mean trans-18∶1 acid contents of extracted PHVO, a significant decrease was observed between the two periods, i.e., from 26.9 to 11.8% of total fatty acids. However, only minor differences were noted in the mean relative distribution profiles of individual trans-18∶1 isomers with ethylenic bonds between positions Δ4 and Δ16 for the two periods. The predominant isomer was Δ9–18∶1 (elaidic) acid, in the wide range 15.2–46.1% (mean, 27.9±7.2%) of total trans-18∶1 acids, with the Δ10 isomer ranked second, with a mean of 21.3% (range, 11.6 to 27.4%). The content of the unresolved Δ6 to Δ8 isomer group was higher than the Δ11 isomer (vaccenic acid), representing on average 17.5 and 13.3%, respectively. Other isomers Δ4, Δ5, Δ12, Δ13/Δ14, Δ15, and Δ16, were less than 10% each: 1.0, 1.6, 7.4, 7.1, 1.8, and 1.0%, respectively. However, considering individual food items, it was noted that none of the extracted PHVO were identical to one another, indicating a considerable diversity of such fats available to the food industry. A comparison of data for French foods with similar data recently established for Germany indicates that no gross differences occur in PHVO used by food industries in both countries. Estimates for the absolute mean consumption of individual isomers from ruminant fats and PHVO are made for the French population and compared to similarly reconstructed hypothetical profiles for Germany and North America. Differences occur in the total intake of trans-18∶1 acids, but most important, in individual trans-18∶1 isomer intake, with a particular increase of the Δ6–Δ8 to Δ10 isomers with increasing consumption of PHVO. It is inferred from the present and earlier data that direct GLC of fatty acids is a faulty procedure that results (i) in variable underestimates of total trans-18∶1 acids, (ii) in a loss of information as regards the assessment of individual isomeric trans-18∶1 acids, and (iii) in the impossibility of comparing data obtained from human tissues if the relative contribution of dietary PHVO and ruminant fats is not known.     

Study on the Expression and Clinical Significances of Lewis y Antigen and Integrin αv, β3 in Epithelial Ovarian Tumors

Objective

To detect the expression and clinical significances of Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 in epithelial ovarian tumors, and to explore the expression correlation between Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 95 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer, 37 cases of borderline tumors, 20 cases of benign tumors, and 20 cases of normal ovarian tissue, for the detection of Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 expressions, and to analyze the relationship between Lewis y antigen and integrin, and the relationship between clinical and pathological parameters of ovarian cancer. In addition, immunofluorescence double labeling was utilized to detect the expression correlation between Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 in ovarian cancer.

Results

In epithelial ovarian tumors, the expression rate of Lewis y antigen was 81.05%, significantly higher than that of borderline (51.53%) (P < 0.05) and benign (25%) (P < 0.01) tumors, and normal ovarian tissues (0) (P < 0.01). The expression rate of integrin αv, β3 in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors was 78.95% and 82.11%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the borderline (45.94%, 40.54%) (both P < 0.05), benign group (10.00%, 15.00%) (both P < 0.01) and normal ovary group (5%, 15%) (both P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Lewis y and integrins αv, β3 are relevant to pelvic and abdominal diffusion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that these two molecules mediate a boosting function for tumor metastasis.     

Catalytic Ozonation by Manganese,Iron and Cerium Oxides on γ-Al2O3 Pellets for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Continuous Fixed-Bed Reactor

ABSTRACT

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation is an efficient technology for degrading refractory organic pollutants in water. However, most studied heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic ozonation were powders, which were not practically available for continuous fixed-bed reactor in water treatment. In this work, manganese, iron and cerium oxides on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets were synthesized and used as heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic ozonation in a continuous fixed-bed reactor. Results showed that all the prepared metal oxides on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets exhibited facilitated catalytic ozonation for degrading refractory contaminates compared with ozonation alone and catalytic ozonation on pure γ-Al₂O₃ pellets. The cerium oxides supported on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets (CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃) performed best catalytic performance with the COD removal efficiency of 64.3% and TOC removal efficiency of 41.7%. Moreover, the catalytic activity was further enhanced by the synergistic effect of the bimetallic oxides on γ-Al₂O₃ pellets (CeO₂-Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃). This study is expected to help to encourage further research and applications in AOPs based on the success of this work in designing heterogeneous catalysts available for continuous fixed-bed reactor.     

Influences of dietary n−3 long-chain PUFA on body concentrations of 20∶5n−3, 22∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 in the larvae of a marine teleost fish from Australian waters,the striped trumpeter (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Latris lineata</Emphasis>)

We determined the effect of dietary long-chain (≥C₂₀) PUFA (LC-PUFA), 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3, on larval striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) biochemistry through early development and during live feeding with rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Rotifers were enriched using seven experimental emulsions formulated with increasing concentrations of n−3 LC-PUFA, mainly 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3. Enriched rotifer n−3 LC-PUFA concentrations ranged from 10–30 mg/g dry matter. Enriched rotifers were fed to striped trumpeter larvae from 5 to 18 d post-hatch (dph) in a short-term experiment to minimize gross deficiency symptoms such as poor survival that could confound results. No relationships were observed between larval growth or survival with dietary n−3 LC-PUFA at 18 dph. The larval FA profiles generally reflected those of the rotifer diet, and significant positive regressions were observed between most dietary and larval FA at 10, 14, and 18 dph. The major exception observed was an inverse relationship between dietary and larval 22∶5n−3. The presence of 22∶5n−3 in elevated amounts when dietary 22∶5n−3. The presence of 22∶5n−3 in elevated amounts when dietary 22∶6n−3 was depressed suggests that elongation of 20∶5n−3 may be occurring in an attempt to raise body concentrations of 22∶6n−3. We hypothesize that accumulation of 22∶5n−3 might be an early indicator of 22∶6n−3 deficiency in larval fish that precedes a reduction in growth or survival. A possible role of 22∶5n−3 as a biochemical surrogate for 22∶6n−3 is discussed.     

A Study of the Acid–Base Properties of Melts in the Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 System: II. Composition Joins with Sodium Oxide Contents of 25, 30, and 35 mol %

The exponent of oxygen ion activity pO = for melts in the Na₂O–B₂O₃–SiO₂ system along the composition joins with constant sodium oxide contents of 25, 30, and 35 mol % is studied by an electromotive force (emf) technique at 950°C. Measurements are performed using two variants of the technique of determining pO, namely, in high-temperature salt solutions of oxide systems in KF and with a salt bridge between two oxide melts. It is shown that the basicity of melts increases with an increase in the Na₂O content at a constant concentration ratio of glass-forming oxides. The acid–base properties of sodium borosilicate melts are simulated under the assumption of acid–base interaction between the components. It is found that the basicity of the studied melts along the composition joins with constant sodium oxide contents of 30 and 35 mol % is governed primarily by the acid–base interaction in Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–SiO₂ binary systems and, to a lesser extent as compared to low-alkali composition joins (below 20 mol % Na₂O), by the formation of Na₂O · B₂O₃ · 2SiO₂ and Na₂O · B₂O₃ · 6SiO₂ ternary compounds.     

Synthesis and Study of Isomorphous Miscibility Limits of Crystalline Phases with a Hollandite-Type Tunnel Structure in the Cs2O(MeO)–Al2O3–TiO2 (Me = Ba, Sr) Systems*

The possibility of forming hollandite-type phases during the solid-phase reaction in the Cs₂O(MeO)–Al₂O₃–TiO₂ (Me = Ba, Sr) systems is studied. It is revealed that, in the Cs₂O–BaO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂ system, the region of existence of Cs _x Ba_{1 – x/2}Al₂Ti₅O₁₄ solid solutions with a hollandite-type structure lies in the concentration range 0 x 0.7. In the SrO–BaO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂ system, no solid solutions with a hollandite-type structure are observed. The mechanism and kinetics of formation of the Cs _x Ba_{1 – x/2}Al₂Ti₅O₁₄ (0 x 0.7) solid solutions are analyzed, and the optimum conditions for synthesis of these solutions are determined.     

Study of the influence of extra-framework cations and organic templates on zeolite crystallization in SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>–Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>–Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>O–K<Subscript>2</Subscript>О (R<Subscript>2</Subscript>O,RO) systems

Crystallization of zeolites from the gels of the (3–x)К₂О–xR₂O(RO)–0.05Na₂O–Al₂O₃–5SiO₂–100H₂O composition where x was varied from 0 to 3 and R = Li, Na, Rb, Cs, Ba, tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, and tetrabutylammonium, has been performed by hydrothermal synthesis. The influence of various cationic ratios on the final product of crystallization depending on the synthesis temperature has been studied at constant SiO₂: A₂lO₃ and H₂O: SiО₂ ratios. The correlation between the cationic composition of the initial gels, their structure, and the structure of the crystallizing zeolites has been estimated.