新型含偶氮苯生色团聚合物的制备和性能

合成了含手性碳原子的新型偶氮苯生色团,通过酰氯化反应制备出含偶氮苯生色团的单体,将所合成的单体与丙烯酸酯类单体进行自由基共聚得到以偶氮苯生色团为侧基的高分子.利用1H NMR、FTIR、UV-Vis吸收光谱,对所合成的单体及聚合物进行了结构表征.研究了所制备的聚合物的全光开关效应.结果表明,在激发光的照射下,通过聚合物中偶氮苯基团的顺-反-顺异构循环在聚合物材料中可形成光致各向异性;在较低驱动光功率(28.1 mW)下这种聚合物具有良好的全光开关效应.     

人血清蛋白与重金属离子相互作用的荧光光谱

通过荧光光谱技术研究重金属离子与人血清蛋白(HSA)间的结合作用机制.测量了人血清蛋白与重金属离子Pb2+,Cr6+,Cu2+在290K和300K温度下相互作用的荧光光谱,建立猝灭方程.3种重金属离子与HSA的猝灭均属于静态猝灭,根据静态猝灭方程Stern-Volmer分别计算出290K和300K温度下HSA与3种重金属离子相互作用结合常数,290K下结合常数Ksv分别为1.731×103,5.580×103,4.461×104;300K下结合常数Ksv分别为1.354×103,5.418×103,4.461×104,结合位点数分别为1.237,1.528,0.506.证明了重金属离子Pb2+,Cr6+,Cu2+与HSA之间的相互作用是自发的.     

含席夫碱生色团聚合物的合成及其光学性能

合成含席夫碱生色团的单体,并使之与丙烯酸酯类单体共聚制备了带有席夫碱生色团侧基的丙烯酸酯类聚合物.并利用傅立叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及紫外可见光谱等测试手段,对所合成的席夫碱生色团单体及聚合物的结构进行了表征.此外,还探讨了含席夫碱生色团聚丙烯酸酯的全光开关特性及双折射性能.     

一种超支化共轭聚合物的合成与2,4-二硝基甲苯的荧光猝灭

以2,4,6-三甲基均三嗪和甲酰基咔唑、二甲酰基咔唑为原料,通过羟醛缩合反应合成了化合物I及超支化荧光共轭聚合物II,其中I可以视为II的组成单体。聚合物II在常见有机溶剂中有较好的溶解度,其X射线衍射谱图中2θ=24.2°的位置有1个较宽的峰;其吸收和荧光光谱与I的相比仅有轻微红移(3nm),这些结果都说明聚合物II分子间没有紧密的π-π堆积作用。聚合物II的荧光强度是化合物I的2倍。2,4-二硝基甲苯对其荧光猝灭研究结果表明,超支化聚合物II具有比化合物I更大的荧光猝灭常数(Ksv=95.52L/mol),表现出了一定的分子导线效应。     

苯基喹啉/丙烯酸酯共聚物的合成及荧光性能研究

合成了一种新型的喹啉衍生物单体-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸-丙烯酸-乙二醇二酯(PQFAED),并通过乳液聚合的方法制备了PQFAED和丙烯酸酯单体(MMA/MAA/BA)的共聚物-P(PQFAED/MMA/MAA/BA)。用IR、UV、GPC、TGA、PGC-MS及荧光光谱表征了单体及共聚物的结构,分析了硝基爆炸物(TNT、RDX及PETN)对该共聚物膜的荧光猝灭作用。结果表明,共聚物薄膜的最大发射波长为436nm,相对于单体的最大发射峰发生了36nm的红移;荧光"结构自猝灭效应",使PQFAED在相同生色团浓度下的荧光强度远低于其相应共聚物的荧光强度;共聚物薄膜对多硝基爆炸物有较好的荧光响应,可作为爆炸物检测的传感材料。     

侧链含芘基聚氧硅烷的合成及荧光性质

利用氢化硅烷化反应,合成了几种侧链含芘基但链长不同的聚氧硅烷荧光高分子,用红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(1H-NMR)表征了其分子结构。采用荧光分光光度计分别测定了荧光高分子与其单体小分子在溶液中的荧光性质。聚氧硅烷荧光高分子与其单体分子相比,受激态发射区比分子态发射区具有更大的的荧光发射强度和较高的氧猝灭系数(OQS)。随着分子侧链长度的增加,单体分子的OQS逐渐递减,而荧光高分子的OQS逐渐增加。     

稀土荧光共聚物与蛋白质作用机理的光谱研究

用含铕稀土配合物单体成功地合成出含铕稀土荧光聚合物(PPNEu)。通过荧光光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计研究了含铕稀土荧光聚合物与牛血清蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机理。结果表明:含铕稀土荧光聚合物能够与BSA相互结合,并使BSA出现荧光猝灭现象,该猝灭效应属于静态猝灭;结合常数和结合位点数分别为:KA=8.49×104 L/mol,n=1.25(298K);KA=7.45×104 L/mol,n=1.25(308K);在与BSA的结合过程中,吉布斯自由能(ΔG)为负值,熵变(ΔS)为正值且焓变(ΔH)为负值,说明静电力在PPNEu与BSA结合过程中起着主要作用。基于Frster理论,结合距离为3.38nm。     

表面分子印迹共轭聚合物传感薄膜对2,4-DNT的选择性响应

将侧链含氨基的强电子离域性共轭聚合物(PDD)化学键合到纤维素纳米微纤(TOCN)薄膜上,利用表面分子印迹技术,制备了以2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)为模板的表面印迹共轭聚合物传感薄膜(MI-PDD/TOCN薄膜);并深入研究了该MI-PDD/TOCN薄膜对2,4-DNT检测的应用。研究结果显示,TNT溶液(或蒸气)对MI-PDD/TOCN薄膜的荧光猝灭常数(或荧光猝灭效率)仅为1.6×104M-1(或暴露300 s,18.2%),而2,4-DNT溶液(或蒸气)对其的荧光猝灭常数(或荧光猝灭效率)高达2.78×104M-1(或暴露300 s,88.4%),表明了MI-PDD/TOCN薄膜对2,4-DNT分子具有优良的响应灵敏度与特异的选择性。     

氧化石墨烯对L-色氨酸荧光猝灭及机理研究

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,并用红外、拉曼光谱和扫描电镜等手段对氧化石墨烯的结构及形貌进行表征,考察了不同溶剂对L-色氨酸荧光光谱的影响;分别以L-色氨酸、氧化石墨烯为荧光剂和荧光猝灭剂,借助荧光光谱法研究了氧化石墨烯对L-色氨酸的荧光猝灭作用。根据紫外吸收光谱、Stern-Volmer方程和Lineweawer-Burk双倒数曲线方程,得出了氧化石墨烯对L-色氨酸荧光猝灭类型、猝灭速率常数(k_q)和结合常数(K)等参数。结果表明,氧化石墨烯对L-色氨酸的荧光有较强的猝灭作用,其荧光猝灭机理是氧化石墨烯与L-色氨酸形成复合物的静态猝灭。     

Pd(Ⅱ)与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了Pd(Ⅱ)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.使用高斯多峰拟合法对Pd(Ⅱ)-BSA体系荧光光谱的各荧光成分进行了解析.结果表明,BSA的荧光主要来源于色氨酸(Trp)残基,并推测Pd(Ⅱ)与BSA结合作用的位置在第212位Trp残基上.研究了Pd(Ⅱ)与BSA相互作用的荧光猝灭光谱,通过紫外吸收光谱的变化和猝灭速率常数Kq的比较对Pd(Ⅱ)与BSA相互作用的荧光猝灭机理进行了判别.结果表明,Pd(Ⅱ)对BSA的荧光猝灭属于静态猝灭.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from