连铸保护渣结晶矿相的研究

采用LEITZ偏光岩相显微镜结合扫描电子显微镜,研究了实验室自制渣和工业结晶器保护渣的结晶矿相。结果表明：在本实验中,渣样的结晶矿相主要有枪晶石、黄长石和硅灰石,个别渣样中可能有霞石析出;保护渣中加入少量的MgO可以降低结晶率,抑制硅灰石的生成;加入少量的MnO、ZrO2S可促进硅灰石的析出,抑制枪晶石的生长。     

唐钢连铸保护渣渣膜矿相分析

采集河北联合钢铁集团唐钢中厚板有限公司1号连铸机保护渣渣膜,对应浇铸钢种为Q345B、Q235B.对渣膜进行宏观观察;采用X射线衍射手段,分析保护渣渣膜矿相成分;采用偏光显微镜,观测渣膜微观结构,分析渣膜微观矿相、玻璃相分层结构;分析保护渣原渣化学成分对渣膜矿相形成影响规律,为连铸结晶器保护渣研发及使用提供理论依据.     

稀土氧化物对连铸保护渣结晶矿相的影响

使用岩相分析、扫描电镜等手段,研究了稀土氧化物对现场和实验室自配保护渣结晶矿相的影响,并探讨了稀土氧化物在凝固保护渣中的存在形态。结果表明,两种保护渣结晶矿相主要组成为枪晶石、少量硅灰石及玻璃相。稀土氧化物抑制硅灰石析出,促进枪晶石长大。当稀土氧化物的质量分数大于10％,其在保护渣中的存在状态为稀土硅酸钙,个别形成稀土氟氧化物或者未溶部分。当稀土氧化物在保护渣中达到过饱和以后,保护渣高温粘度显著增大。     

氟离子对保护渣传热和渣膜矿相结构的影响

连铸过程中保护渣的渣膜结构及结晶器传热情况对铸坯质量有重要影响,试验采用高温导热系数测定装置及结晶器渣膜黏度和热流模拟测试仪,研究不同F~-配加量渣膜的高温导热系数和矿相结构。结果表明:随F~-含量(4.22%~13.33%)的增加,渣膜的导热系数逐渐减小,对应的渣膜结晶率逐渐增大,且试验渣膜结晶率均较高,达75%以上。不同F~-含量的保护渣所对应渣膜的结晶矿物种类相同,主要为枪晶石和硅灰石。随F~-含量的增加,枪晶石析出量不断增多,晶形逐渐变大;硅灰石生成量不断减少,晶形逐渐变小。该研究成果对改善低氟保护渣浇铸的铸坯质量具有重要指导意义。     

低碳钢连铸保护渣固态渣膜显微结构分析

研究了低碳钢铸坯出现事故时以及调整保护渣化学成分后两种渣膜的显微结构,分析了事故原因,并提出通过控制固态渣膜的结构和结晶矿相来提高渣膜的润滑和传热性能,改善铸坯质量.低碳钢连铸保护渣应具有好的导热性和低的结晶率,所以应降低渣膜结晶率,增大玻璃化倾向,并且要避免钾钠长石、斜长石、霞石、枪晶石等高熔点矿物析出,从润滑性和导热性统一优化考虑,出现硅灰石、黄长石是比较好的.加入B2O3和LiO2后,渣膜中晶体尺寸减小,玻璃化倾向增大,使铸坯质量明显改善.     

低合金钢保护渣渣膜矿相结构对铸坯质量的影响

针对唐钢中厚板材有限公司低合金钢Q345B连铸过程中出现的铸坯质量问题,系统研究了现场结晶器内渣膜的结构、矿相组成和结晶率;并结合现场铸坯质量,分析渣膜的润滑与传热性能,确定了适用于低合金钢Q345B板坯连铸生产较合理的矿相结构特征.结果表明,低合金钢Q345B的渣膜应为两层结构或多层结构,结晶层和玻璃层交替出现;主要结晶矿物为枪晶石和黄长石,在结晶过程中没有偏向性析出;有较多的玻璃相生成,结晶率相对较低,在35 ％～65％.为更好地保证铸坯质量,针对唐钢中厚板坯Q345B的连铸生产,建议在现用的保护渣原渣中适当提高Fe2O和MgO的含量,同时还要调整好现场的浇铸工艺和操作条件.     

连铸保护渣渣膜矿相结构对不同钢种板坯冶金质量的影响

使用偏光显微镜,系统对比分析了邯郸钢厂超低碳钢SPHC(0.020%~0.055%C,70 mm板坯保护渣/%:33.14SiO₂,3.86Al₂O₃,3.88MgO,31.52CaO,8.27K₂O+Na₂O,7.55F^-1,3.93C)、包晶钢SS400(0.18%~0.22%C,70 mm板坯保护渣/%:29.62SiO₂,4.63Al₂O₃,2.05MgO,35.86CaO,10.43 K₂O+Na₂O,7.55F^-1,3.93C)和Ti微合金钢Q345B(0.15%~0.19C,0.04%~0.05%Ti,260 mm板坯保护渣/%:31.10SiO₂,5.21Al₂O₃,5.07MgO,35.46CaO,6.22K₂O+Na₂O,6.96F^-1,6.96C)对应的渣膜的矿相组成、结晶率和显微结构。结果表明,3种渣膜从铸坯至结晶器侧均呈现"结晶层-玻璃层"交替结构。SPHC钢渣膜有90%~95%的玻璃相,结晶相仅出现少量枪晶石,低结晶率有利于其润滑铸坯;SS400钢渣膜结晶率为55%~60%,析出较多的枪晶石和部分黄长石,有利于控制铸坯传热;Ti微合金钢Q345B渣膜结晶率略高于SS400钢,析出的黄长石、枪晶石和硅灰石能同时满足连铸对其润滑和控制传热的需求,可得到良好的铸坯质量。     

高速连铸保护渣的研究

对国外引进的几种高速连铸保护渣的组成和性能的分析和其它实验研究，得到高速加铸保护渣具有：高Ｆ＾－、高碱金属氧化物，低Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量，低粘度，低熔化温度和良好玻璃性的特点；ＬｉＯ２是实现低粘度和良好玻璃性不可少的成分；ＭＤＩ指数反映了和结构有关的保护渣性能等有参考价值的结论。     

Fe- Ni- Cr 系合金连铸保护渣冷却过程矿相析出热力学分析

采用 Factsage 热力学软件计算和实验室研究相结合的方法,探究碱度 ( 0. 8 ～ 1. 2 ) 、BaO 含量 ( 5% ～ 15% ) 、B₂ O₃ 含量(5% ～15% ) 对 Fe-Ni-Cr 系耐蚀合金连铸保护渣 CaO-SiO₂ -Al₂ O₃ -CaF₂ -Na₂ O-MgO 系冷却过程矿 相析出的影响 。 结果表明,当熔渣碱度由 0. 8 升高到 1. 2 时,析晶温度由1 201．7 ℃ 升高到1 256．4 ℃,硅酸盐含量 从 83. 1% 降低到 79. 6% ; 熔渣中 BaO≤10% 时,随着 BaO 含量的升高,熔渣中晶体析出会受到抑制 。当熔渣中添加 10% BaO 时,晶体析出总量降低到 61. 1 % ; 当熔渣中添加 10% B₂ O₃  时,晶体析出温度降低到1 086．7 ℃,晶体析出 量降低为 66. 3% ; B₂ O₃  含量≤10% 时,可以促进熔渣玻璃化 。 最佳碱度为 1．0,BaO 或 B₂ O₃  加入量为 10% 。     

连铸结晶器保护渣结晶温度

实验采用WCT-2型微机差热天平,用来研究了保护渣的化学组成和冷却速率对其结晶温度的影响.结果表明:(1)在实验条件下,碱度升高,保护渣的结晶温度先升高后降低;(2)F-含量增加,保护渣的结晶温度提高;(3)随着Na₂O,Al₂O₃,MgO含量的增加,保护渣的结晶温度下降;(4)保护渣的结晶温度随冷却速率的增加略有下降.     

2Cr13不锈钢高温特性及对连铸保护渣的要求

采用DIL402C热膨胀分析仪、STA449C同步热分析仪和Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,分别测试2Cr13不锈钢的线性膨胀系数、主要相变温度以及高温力学性能等高温特性,分析2Cr13不锈钢高温性能对铸坯表面质量的影响和铸坯表面凹陷以及微裂纹产生的机理,确定2Cr13不锈钢用保护渣应重点考虑传热性能.     

Effect of Soda Ash on Properties of Mold Flux and Mineralogical Structures of Flux Film

During continuous casting,properties of mold flux and mineralogical structures of flux film play important roles in controlling steel quality.The effect of soda ash on the physical properties and crystallization characteristics of mold flux was investigated using process mineralogy,including polarizing microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and electron microprobe,etc.Mold flux was mainly prepared using cement clinker and industrial mineral materials under laboratory conditions,and the mineralogical structures of the flux film were systematically identified and quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that,by increasing the soda ash content from 10mass% to 18mass%,the crystallization temperature,critical cooling rate and crystallization ratio of the flux film decreased,but the crystallization ratio still reached 75% after adding soda ash,and the mineral compositions and microstructures of the flux film changed slightly.When the soda ash content exceeded 14mass%,the critical cooling rate and the crystallization ratio decreased slightly,whereas the mineral content of the flux film changed evidently,with a large amount of cuspidine precipitation and a significant decrease in the wollastonite content until it reached zero,which resulted in deterioration of the lubrication of the flux film.     

冷却速率对连铸保护渣结晶性能的影响

采用 WCT-2型差热分析天平和LEITZ光学显微镜(配有 1350℃高温热台),研究了冷却速率对连铸保护渣结晶性能的影响.研究结果表明:随冷却速率提高,保护渣的结晶温度显著降低,结晶率降低,晶体尺寸减小,晶形也有很大改变.     

Viscosity and Viscosity Estimate Model of Fluoride-free and Titanium-Bearing Mold Fluxes

The relationship between the binary basicity (CaO/SiO2),TiO2,Na2O,Li2O,MgO,MnO,B2O3 and viscosity for fluoride-free and titanium-bearing mold fluxes were systematically researched. The rotating cylinder method was employed in the experiment to measure the viscosity of the slag. The results indicate that Li2O, B2O3 and Na2O play major roles in decreasing viscosity, especially Li2O, which is the most effective flux, while MgO and MnO exert little influence on viscosity. Meanwhile, it can be concluded that with increasing TiO2 content, the viscosity of fluoride-free and titanium-bearing mold fluxes increases at first but then falls when the amount of TiO2 is greater than 6.0%. Based on large amounts of experimental statistics of the viscosity of fluoride-free and titanium-bearing mold fluxes, an available model in literature for predicting the mold-slag viscosity was modified. This modified model can be used to predict the viscosity of fluoride-free and titanium-bearing mold fluxes. In fact, the predicted values approximate the observed values with a ±10.6% average deviation. Compared with the classical models,the average deviation is higher and it was found that the modified model can be used to estimate the viscosity of fluoride-free and titanium-bearing mold fluxes.     

谈质材料对结晶器保护渣熔融特性的影响

 连铸过程通常采用调节配炭量和配炭方式来调节保护渣的熔化速度和熔融层状结构。本文通过单向加热炉模拟保护渣在结晶器内的熔化过程,研究了六种炭质材料对保护渣熔化速度和熔融结构的影响。结果表明：含量相同时对保护渣熔化速度的控制作用最强的是500目超细石墨,而后依次是：半补强炭黑、390石墨、中超炭黑、土状石墨、增碳剂;配炭方式相同时,保护渣的熔化温度越高,其熔化速度越慢;采用炭黑加石墨的配炭方式时保护渣的烧结层厚度随炭含量增加而减薄,且若炭黑量小于2%时形成多层熔融结构,否则将形成不含半熔层的三层结构。     

水钢方坯连铸保护渣系列化探讨

连铸保护渣对维持连铸工艺的顺行和提高铸坯表面质量具有重要作用.由于连铸工艺和钢种的差别,对应的连铸保护渣的合理的理化性能也不尽相同.针对水钢小方坯连铸工艺,以钢种的凝固特性为出发点,对连铸保护渣进行了系列化探讨.在结合铸坯表面质量与连铸保护渣性能匹配关系调查的基础上,对目前主要钢种包括低碳钢、中碳钢和高碳钢小方坯连铸保护渣合理理化性能进行了系列规划.     

宽厚板包晶钢的保护渣

针对包晶钢的凝固特性,研发了高碱度、高结晶速率、低结晶温度及低热流密度保护渣,并在宝钢3^#连铸机上进行了试验研究.现场试验四个浇次的结果表明,使用改进渣的试验流铸坯无纵裂发生,而使用原渣的对比流铸坯裂纹率达到5%.优化保护渣有效防止了铸坯表面纵裂的发生.     

Effects of Rare Earth Oxide on Viscosity of Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting

The effects of RE (rare earth) oxide on viscosity of mold fluxes were investigated with a rotary viscometer. The results show that : (1) The viscositv of mold fluxes is remarkably inereased by RE oxide addition, especially when the mass fraction of RE oxide is more than 10%. (2) By addition of RE oxide, precipitation of the insohlble particles with high melting point from the molten slag with the decreasing of the temperature leads to the inerease of viscosity. Viscosity curve shows that RE oxide is soluble in some extent in mold fluxes. When RE oxide is in a state of supersaturation, the existence of insoluble particles also makes the viscosity of mold fluxes increase. (3) Not only the viscositv of nlold fluxes can be reduced, but also the capacity to dissolve and absorb RE oxide can be increased by Li2O, B2O3 and BaO. However, the contents of Li2O, B2O3, and BaO should be controlled to suitable levels. (4) The solidification temperature of mold fluxes can be increased by the addition of RE oxide, which is unfavorable to heat transfer and luhrication of mold fluxes between steel shell and mold.