染整工艺参数自控的发展方向

纺织生产的自动化控制,以染整工艺参数控制较为复杂,这不仅由于控制的参数多,而且难度大。除了常用的温度、压力和流量等通用热工参数外,还有回潮率、布面温度、织物收缩率、纬斜校正、织物称重、排气湿度和浓度控制等大量专业的工艺控制参数。控制这些参数的仪表对产品质量、节能省力十分重要。也是染整工业要实现现代化的一个十分重要的因素。 笔者曾赴联邦德国就染整工艺自动控制装置作了考察,本文仅拟从技术角度对染整自控装置的设计要求、参数控制并结合联邦德国染整工艺参数自控装置的现状提一些看法,以供参考。     

涤粘氨弹力牛仔布染整工艺

介绍经向人棉纱，纬向涤纶和氨纶网络空包丝交织牛仔布的染整工艺，重点阐述平幅纬缩前处理、染色和定形工艺。平幅纬缩要控制逐级升温和织物运行的平整性，防止起皱；染色根据产品特点有牛仔布效果、双色效果和经纬染色套平等三种不同的工艺；定形要严格控制温度、车速和门幅，保证质量稳定性。     

色织布面断纬疵形成原因分析及防止

布面断纬是指织物中纬纱完全部分断裂的疵点，它的形成与色纬纱质量，产品设计，织造工艺和后整工艺等因素有关，生产中应上述几方面采取措施加以防止。     

喷气织机储纬器控制系统的选纬接口电路设计

介绍了一种用于喷气织机储纬器控制系统的选纬接口电路,采用布面图案采集设定器(简称上位机)与储纬器控制箱主单片机(简称下位机)可分离的设计,分析了储纬器引纬系统、电子引纬开启双电源驱动电路、上位机和下位机电路工作原理及坏布修复退纬与图案编程方法,并对其主要硬件电路、工作原理和控制方案进行了描述。试验结果表明,采用布面图案采集设定器离线操作设计可满足织机功效、节省每台控制器的成本。     

剑杆织机织造弹力纬纱纬向疵点的防治

介绍了K88、P401/S、P1001EK型剑杆织机织造弹力纬纱时纬向疵点的解决方法.分析了剑杆织机纬纱张力控制、释纱时间控制、综平时间控制、梭口控制、废边装置和纱罗绞边装置控制对织造弹力纬纱纬向疵点生成的影响,提出了合理有效的解决方法,减少和避免了百脚、纬缩等疵点的发生,提高了弹力牛仔布的布面质量.     

磨纱断纬牛仔布的设计与工艺研究

目前,磨纱工艺在牛仔布生产中的应用越来越广泛,尤其是断纬磨纱牛仔布,其因布面效果好、布面质量高而受到欢迎。但是,磨纱过程中存在断纬的问题,在实际生产中如何保证断纬后的布面效果、布面质量成为一个重要的技术难题。为此,文章从磨纱断纬牛仔布的设计与织造工艺两方面入手,针对牛仔布生产过程中的断纬问题,在磨纱断纬牛仔布的设计过程中,从断纬后的布面效果、产品质量、生产成本等方面综合考虑,通过改变磨纱工艺参数,优化断纬牛仔布的织造工艺,使断纬后的布面效果、布面质量达到最佳,并降低了生产成本。     

宽幅织机织造窄幅织物时对防百脚装置的改造

在生产中 ,常会遇到在宽幅有梭织机上织造窄幅布的情况。现有防百脚装置探针无法探到布面 ,为了满足织造要求 ,一般将探纬装置改为纬纱叉。但从以往的实践经验看 ,由于受到纬纱叉结构原理及安装位置的局限 ,在宽幅织机上织造窄幅布时 ,经纱夹持口距纬纱叉距离远 ,织口到纬纱叉之间的纬纱受控制程度相对减弱 ,其张力不稳定 ,无故停台增加 ,容易产生双纬、百脚等问题 ,影响产品质量和生产效率 ,而且后期的维护要求高 ,费用大。为了提高效率 ,保证布面质量 ,充分利用防百脚装置探纬的稳定性能 ,我们对防百脚装置进行了改进。在 1 5 1 5 1 90型…     

冷转移印花喷墨样生产常见问题及预防措施

针对冷转移印花喷墨样生产中出现的花型渗化、色浅、萎暗、色差等问题,从织物浸轧带液率、烘干湿度、蒸化温度、湿度、半成品布面PH控制等工艺参数进行分析、讨论,得到适当的解决方案。     

美湿卡TM烘干过程控制的原理和解决方案

论述了染整烘干过程中湿度控制的意义和原理．介绍了美湿卡刑烘干过程湿度控制方案．包括布面湿度（回潮率）和排气湿度在线检测和控制。     

美湿卡烘干过程湿度控制的意义和解决方案

论述了染整烘干过程中湿度控制的意义和原理.介绍了美湿卡烘干过程湿度控制方案,包括布面湿度(回潮率)和排气湿度的在线检测和控制.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the