China＇s Giant Oilfields： Discovered ＆ to Be Discovered

World oil production and reserve additions heavily depend on giant oilfields. Currently, there are more than 4,000 producing oilfields in the world, producing around 68 million barrels of oil per day. Most oilfields in the world are minor ones, with oil production below 20,000 barrels per day; only 3% （about 120） oilfields in the world produce over 100,000 barrels per day with overall daily production exceeding 32 million barrels, which accounts for 47% of the total world oil supply . The scales of the oilfields heavily influence economic indices like investment, production and life spans of the oilfields. Therefore, giant oilfields have always been the dream of oil finders and targets of geologists＇ researches .     

脱油型复合式水力旋流器设计及分离特性研究

1. Introduction Recently, the application of a vortex-separation technique is extending in oilfields. After oilfields step into the middle and high water-cut stages, the hydrocyclone plays a irreplaceable role in the pre-separation of produced fluid and t…     

Application Research of Oil Development Costs in Reservoir Management

Based on oil development costs, the application research in the technical and economic limits calculation of oil development and the production optimal allocation to all the oilfields, was finished. At the same time, according to the regression of real development costs, a new method for oil well economic water cut and oil well economic rate are set up, the production optimal allocation is developed with satisfactory results.     

Flow Characteristics of Crude Oil with High Water Fraction during Non-heating Gathering and Transportation

In order to ensure the safety of the non-heating gathering and transportation processes for high water fraction crude oil,the effect of temperature,water fraction,and flow rate on the flow characteristics of crude oil with high water fraction was studied in a flow experimental system of the X Oilfield.Four distinct flow patterns were identified by the photographic and local sampling techniques.Especially,three new flow patterns were found to occur below the pour point of crude oil,including EW/O&W stratified flow with gel deposition,EW/O&W intermittent flow with gel deposition,and water single-phase flow with gel deposition.Moreover,two characteristic temperatures,at which the change rate of pressure drop had changed obviously,were found during the change of pressure drop.The characteristic temperature of the first congestion of gel deposition in the pipeline was determined to be the safe temperature for the non-heating gathering and transportation of high water cut crude oil,while the pressure drop reached the peak at this temperature.An empirical formula for the safe temperature was established for oil-water flow with high water fraction/low fluid production rate.The results can serve as a guide for the safe operation of the non-heating gathering and transportation of crude oil in high water fraction oilfields.     

Xinjiang to Be China＇s Strategic Oil and Gas Base

For a long term, the spacious castern oilfields have been the “Major Battlefield”for oil and gas production in China. Xinjiang with abundant resource will have played as a strategic succeeding area. While the output of the eastern oilfields decreasing year by year and imported oil dependency rising up to 45% in China. Xinjiang has become the focus concerned by the government and the petroleum enterprises.     

潜油电泵地面高压注水装置的研制与应用

1. Introduction Injection recovery of oilfields is a method which supplies energy, keeps the stratum pressure, improves the oil-recovery speed and rate through injecting water from injection well to the strata. The main method is to build injection statio…     

油气固井纤维水泥浆性能研究

1. Introduction Well cementation, as a connecting link in oil well operations, plays a significant role in the integrated construction of oilfields. During the mid- and late- periods of oilfield development in particular, formation conditions are increasi…     

Gathering and Dehydration Technique for Peripheral Low-permeability Oil Fields in Daqing

Brief Introduce to Daqing Peripheral Low-permeability OilfieldsCurrently, there have been more than 20 low permeability oilfields have come under development in Daqing peripheral areas. Because of low reserves, low permeability and low reservoir productivity, the development way for such kinds of oilfields must depend on the latest technology advance.     

Optimization of horizontal well staggered patterns

Staggered line-drive patterns are widely used in oilfields. In this paper, to optimize a staggered pattern of horizontal wells, a 3D problem was divided into two 2D （x-y plane andy-z plane） problems with the pseudo-3D method, conformal transformation and superposition principle. A productivity equation for a horizontal well was deduced, which can be used to optimize the well pattern. A relationship between the length of horizontal wells and the shape factor of well patterns was established. The result shows that optimized well patterns can improve oil production from horizontal wells. This provides a theoretical basis for horizontal well applications to the development of oilfields, especially for overall development of oilfields by horizontal wells.     

矿化度含砂量对抽油杆油管偏磨影响及预防措施研究

针对我国东部油田特高含水期抽油杆/油管偏磨这一现象,在实验室的MG—2 0 0高速摩擦磨损实验机上进行了随油井产出液中含砂量以及矿化度的变化,抽油杆/油管的摩擦性能试验。试验表明,随产出液中含砂量以及矿化度的增加,抽油杆/油管的磨损率、摩擦系数增加。     

高含水期井液对抽油杆/油管偏磨影响试验研究

为探讨我国东部油田特高含水期抽油杆／油管偏磨问题，在MG200型高速摩擦磨损试验机上进行了随油井产出液中含砂量以及矿化度的变化，抽油杆／油管的摩擦性能试验。试验表明，产出液中含砂量以及矿化度增加，抽油杆／油管的磨损率、摩擦因数增加。     

斜井油管防偏磨技术及其应用

介绍了斜井有杆泵采油系统在生产中存在的问题及解决方法。着重阐述了在斜井上采用有杆泵开采时,系统杆管优化设计的力学模型和数学模型,使设计与现场实际应用的符合率达90%以上。研制了旋转式采油井口、旋转式油管扶正器及万向抽油杆扶正器等防偏磨工具,有效地防止了油管的偏磨现象。现场应用情况表明,该项技术的应用为用户带来了显著的经济效益。     

水驱高含水油井杆管偏磨原因的力学分析

建立了抽油机井杆管偏磨原因力学分析的力学模型。给出了垂直油井杆管偏磨临界轴向压力的计算公式和抽油杆柱轴向分布力的模拟方法 ;推导了供液不足油井液击力的计算公式 ,改进了柱塞下行阻力的计算方法。系统分析了含水与沉没度对杆管偏磨临界轴向压力与柱塞下行阻力的影响。分析结果表明 :(1)高含水油井在低沉没度下运行会明显加剧抽油杆柱的轴向振动 ,降低杆管偏磨的临界轴向压力 ;(2 )对于高含水低沉没度运行的油井 ,若油井供液不足将使柱塞下冲程泵内产生液击 ,柱塞下行阻力会明显增加。因此 ,高含水油井在低沉没度下运行时 ,抽油杆柱轴向振动的加剧或液击都会严重恶化抽油杆柱的受力或直接导致杆管产生偏磨     

油井管杆磨蚀规律的试验研究

研究不同油井环境对管杆磨蚀的影响规律,可以指导油田正确选择使用管杆材料。鉴于此,通过油井管杆磨蚀试验机,探讨了油井温度、径向载荷等因素对常用管杆材料磨蚀率的影响。试验结果认为:(1)随着温度的升高,管杆磨蚀率逐渐增大,而当腐蚀介质升高到一定温度时,管杆磨蚀率又有下降的趋势;(2)无论在什么温度条件下,非调质钢接箍与涂料油管组合使用的磨蚀率均小于20CrMo接箍与J55油管和20CrMo接箍与N80油管组合使用的磨蚀率;(3)管杆磨蚀率均随着径向载荷的增加而增大。     

基于电参数的螺杆泵杆管偏磨预判研究

针对螺杆泵采油中存在的杆管偏磨问题,建立了基于电参数的抽油杆偏磨分析模型。通过模型分析发现:抽油杆扭矩和轴向力的变化都能反映工况的变化;抽油杆扭矩与沉没度正相关,与油管半径负相关;当扭矩和轴向力发生变化时,抽油杆的偏磨程度就会发生变化,该变化会在电流和有功功率参数中反映出来。结合现场故障井数据分析得出:有功功率对工况变化的敏感性强,尤其对中小驱动装置或电机轻载情况,比电流具有更强的反映工况变化的能力;当抽油杆磨断时,电流会有一定程度降低,而有功功率则产生明显突变;含蜡量、转速和沉没度偏高所引起的杆管偏磨监测曲线的变化趋势与基于电参数的抽油杆偏磨模型的分析结果一致。根据研究结果,提出用自动调速功能控制沉没度波动;通过控制系统自动调整螺杆泵转速的方法改变液面深度,使杆管磨损程度大幅度降低;应用自动连续监测方法确定螺杆泵井的合理热洗周期,从而预防含蜡量偏高所引起的杆管偏磨。      

抽油杆柔性减磨器的研制与应用

冀东油田近年来采用多种防偏磨技术并取得一定效果,但大斜度抽油泵井的检泵周期短、作业和材料更换成本增加的问题仍然很严重。通过建立抽油杆杆柱的力学模型进行受力分析研究,用柔性抽油杆取代常规抽油杆可减小杆柱所承受的摩擦力,进而研制了抽油杆柔性减磨器,该工具的上下2部分可以做小角度的相对转动。通过在抽油杆杆柱上加入抽油杆柔性减磨器,使杆柱在运动过程中与油管管柱轴线方向保持一致,减轻了杆管蹩劲现象,减小了抽油杆所受到的摩擦力。现场应用结果表明,该技术应用300 d,偏磨损坏的油管和抽油杆的长度由原先的各200 m分别减少到0.15 m、0 m,大幅度减少抽油机井杆管偏磨及因偏磨导致的检泵作业次数及作业和材料更换费用。     

内摩擦副式抽油杆扶正器的研制与应用

常规抽油杆扶正器随着抽油杆运动,造成扶正器与油管内壁摩擦,磨损速度快,搅拌井筒内原油加剧原油乳化,在高造斜、大斜度稠油井其问题更加突出.文章研究了内摩擦副式抽油杆扶正器,其特点是摩擦副摩擦阻力小、扶正套相对油管内壁运动少、磨损慢.在胜利桩139陆上丛式井组应用16口井,检泵周期可延长200 d.     

有杆抽油系统杆管偏磨磨损量预测研究

根据能量法原理,建立了有杆抽油系统杆管偏磨磨损量预测模型。通过几何分析确定了抽油杆与油管的最大磨损深度计算方法,并编制程序进行了计算,得出在摩擦因数、磨损效率、摩擦行程相同的情况下,杆管柱的磨损量和最大磨损深度主要与正压力有关。该模型可用于有杆抽油系统中杆管柱的磨损量预测,不仅为较好地预测井下杆管偏磨情况提供了理论依据,同时对采取及时有效的防偏磨措施具有指导意义。、     

三维井眼抽油杆工作行为仿真研究

针对造成抽油杆、管偏磨的原因及目前理论研究的不足,采用计算机仿真技术,应用有限元软件ANSYS对抽油杆柱变形、接触及受力状态进行分析,找出了定向井、水平井中容易发生偏磨的部位及接触力。建模时采用Pipe16单元模拟抽油杆和活塞,采用Contac176和Target170单元来模拟柔性抽油杆与刚性油管的接触。仿真结果表明,抽油杆在上下行程中将产生很大的屈曲并和油管壁发生激烈的碰撞,下行程的屈曲状态较上行程更为严重;抽油杆底部接箍和光杆均可能与油管壁发生接触碰撞,但接箍部位的接触力更大,更易磨损,而上部的抽油杆则摆动幅度较小。