天然植物染料密蒙花对丝绸染色性能的研究

从密蒙花中提取天然色素,研究了提取的最佳工艺条件,通过正交试验及单因素分析讨论了染色p H、染色温度、染色时间、浴比对真丝绸密蒙花提取液直接染色效果的影响,并探讨了Cu2+、Fe2+、Al3+对织物染色性能的影响,测试了织物的耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度。结果表明,密蒙花染料色素提取的优化工艺为:温度80℃,时间3 h,料液比1∶30;密蒙花提取液直接染色丝绸的优化工艺为:p H=3,温度60℃,时间55 min,浴比1∶60;染色真丝绸的耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度均可达到服用要求。     

肉桂皮提取液对真丝织物的染色

采用肉桂皮提取液直接对真丝织物染色,讨论了p H、温度和时间对染色织物K/S值的影响,并对染色织物的色牢度、抗紫外线性能及抗菌性能进行了测试。结果表明,肉桂皮提取液对真丝织物直接染色最佳工艺为:p H=5、80℃染色45 min、浴比1∶50;经肉桂皮提取液染色的真丝织物,耐摩擦色牢度良好,耐皂洗色牢度中的褪色牢度较差;染色后的真丝织物有较好的抗紫外线性能及抗菌性能,防护系数UPF值可达100+。     

姜黄染料对柞蚕丝织物的染色性能研究

从姜黄中提取天然染料,研究姜黄染料对柞蚕丝绸的染色性能及功能性。探讨染色工艺参数如染色温度、染色时间、染浴p H值对染色织物K/S值的影响,研究了媒染剂硫酸锌、硫酸铝、硫酸亚铁对试样K/S值及色泽的影响,测试了染色柞蚕丝织物的染色牢度及其抗紫外线、抗菌性能。结果表明,天然姜黄染料对柞蚕丝织物的上染性能良好,媒染剂显著影响试样的色泽及染色深度。姜黄染色柞蚕丝织物具有优良的紫外线防护性能及抗菌性能。     

活性阳离子染料的染色性能

采用活性阳离子染料对羊毛、蚕丝、尼龙、棉和腈纶织物染色,研究了p H值、染色温度、染色时间和染料质量分数对染色织物K/S值、上染率和同色性的影响,测试了染色织物的色牢度。结果表明:在活性阳离子染料2%(omf),分散剂IW 2%(omf),染色温度95℃,保温时间60 min的条件下,上染羊毛和棉织物最佳p H值为7,上染蚕丝和尼龙织物最佳p H值为8,上染腈纶织物最佳p H值为5。活性阳离子染料质量分数为1%~5%(omf)时,羊毛、尼龙和腈纶织物的同色性能优良。染色织物具有良好的耐水洗色牢度,耐摩擦色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度。     

青黛与姜黄对柞蚕丝织物的套染

为扩展天然染料染色的色谱范围,弥补天然染料染色缺乏绿色的问题,选用2种植物染料青黛与姜黄对柞蚕丝织物进行套染拼色研究。研究了染料浓度、pH值、温度和时间对柞蚕丝织物套染K/S值和颜色特征值的影响,探讨了套染柞蚕丝织物的机制,以及染色织物的抗菌性、均匀性和色牢度。结果表明:姜黄可在青黛染色的柞蚕丝织物上套染到绿色,且姜黄染液相对用量对染色深度的影响最大;经正交试验得到套染绿色的优化工艺为:姜黄染液相对用量30%,染色pH=4,染色温度80℃,染色时间60 min;经优化工艺套染柞蚕丝织物的摩擦色牢度和水洗色牢度均大于3级;对金黄色葡萄菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达92.56%和80.41%。     

酸性荧光黄73对锦纶6的染色性能

采用酸性荧光黄73对锦纶6进行染色,探讨了染色p H、染色温度、染色时间、Na Cl用量、染料用量对表观色深K/S值的影响,测试了染色织物的荧光效果和色牢度.研究结果表明:染色织物的K/S值随着染色温度的升高和染色时间的延长而逐渐增加,随着染色p H和Na Cl用量的增加而逐渐下降;染色织物具有一定的荧光强度,可满足警示服外的其他服饰的荧光要求.锦纶6的最佳染色工艺为:酸性荧光黄73用量2%(omf),染色p H=5,染色温度高于80℃,染色时间60 min.该工艺下染色的织物具有较好的耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度.     

中药天然染料狗脊对真丝绸染色性能的研究

探究了中药狗脊染料对丝绸染色的条件及可行性,分析了提取温度、提取时间、料液比对提取效果的影响;染液p H、染色温度、染色时间、浴比对真丝绸染色效果的影响;比较了预媒染、同浴媒染、后媒染3种染色方式,测试了织物的耐皂洗色牢度及耐汗渍色牢度。结果表明,狗脊提取的优化工艺为:温度85℃,时间75 min,料液比1∶60;狗脊提取液直接染色真丝绸的优化工艺为:p H=4,温度60℃,时间50 min,浴比1∶60;媒染可提高染色真丝绸的上染率,中药狗脊染料染色真丝绸有较优的色牢度。     

X-COOL凉爽纤维针织面料的染色

采用分散黄GD染料对X-COOL凉爽纤维针织面料进行一浴法染色,探讨了染料质量分数、染色温度、固色时间以及染液p H值对面料上染百分率和染色K/S值的影响。优化的染色工艺为:分散黄GD 2%(omf),分散剂NNO 1 g/L,染色温度125℃,染色时间60 min,固色温度85℃,固色时间40 min,p H值4.5,浴比1∶30。结果显示,X-COOL凉爽纤维针织面料的耐洗色牢度、耐汗渍色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度达到4级以上,染色织物的顶破强力降幅较小,能够满足服用要求。     

樟树落叶提取液对羊毛织物染色的工艺探讨

研究了樟树落叶提取液对羊毛织物的染色。讨论了染色pH值、染色温度、染色时间、硫酸钠质量浓度、樟树叶质量浓度、媒染工艺等对羊毛织物染色效果的影响。分析染色羊毛织物的K/S值及CIE的Lab值,得到樟树落叶提取液对羊毛织物直接染色的优化工艺为:染色pH值3.50左右、染色温度100℃、染色时间75 min,浴比1∶50。硫酸铜及硫酸亚铁媒染可获得不同颜色特征的染色织物,其中后媒染的颜色最深,媒染可提高染色羊毛织物的耐皂洗及耐日晒色牢度,但对耐摩擦色牢度略有影响。     

柞树叶染料对柞蚕丝颜色特征的色度表征

文中采用水煎法萃取柞树叶染液,并应用于柞蚕丝的染色。探讨了后媒染色法工艺条件对柞蚕丝染色织物颜色特征值的影响,并与直接染色、前媒染色、同媒染色工艺进行对比,测试了染色后织物的颜色特征值及染色牢度。结果表明,柞树叶对柞蚕丝后媒染最佳染色工艺为浴比1∶50、柞树叶染液质量分数100.00%(pH值=6)、染色温度80℃、染色时间30 min、皂矾媒染剂质量浓度5.00 g/L;直接染可染浅灰黄色调,应用范围有限,通过媒染染色可改变织物色调,媒染工艺呈黑灰色调提高了其应用价值,显色效果优劣为后媒染前媒染同媒染;直接染和后媒染的耐皂洗、耐摩擦及耐日晒色牢度均达到3级,能够满足现代服装服用色牢度要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press