一种用于高速QPSK解调的四次方环载波恢复电路

为解决高速QPSK信号全数字解调的技术瓶颈问题,采用模拟方案,研制了一种四次方环载波恢复电路,重点介绍了应用混频器上变频特性的宽带平方电路以及锁相环(PLL)载波提取电路的设计过程.测试结果表明,该载波恢复电路可以完成载频为720 MHz、码速率100 Mbit/s～1 Gbit/s范围的QPSK信号同步载波恢复,解决了高速信号相干解调中载波同步的关键技术问题.     

一种QPSK信号数字解调大频偏载波恢复算法

在全数字QPSK解调器中,有时存在着相当大的相对载波频偏,导致接收机不能正常工作.针对QPSK信号相干解调中载波同步问题,提出一种采用FFT及锁相环联合提取大频偏信号载波的方法,达到了对大频偏进行有效估计并提取较纯载波的目的.该方法统计性能好,结构简单,可估计的载波频率适应范围大,算法适合数字电路实现.     

基带信号数字调制的设计与验证

数字信号的载波调制是数字通信中的关键技术,常用的载波调制技术有2ASK、2FSK、2PSK、QPSK、8PSK、4FSK等.这些电路的设计与验证用常规的方法来实现既费时又费力,借助于MultiSim10这一电子设计自动化工具,可以用VHDL建模的方法,实现基带信号数字调制的设计.使用在MultiSim10中创建的VHDL元件模型,设计出了基带信号常用的几种载波调制电路.通过观察分析电路输入输出波形,验证了载波调制和解调的实验结果.     

单频干扰对QPSK 载波同步影响的分析

本文分析了存四相相移键控(QPSK)信号载波中心频率附近出现的单频干扰对QPSK载波同步产生的影响.通过准线性法,分别得到了锁相环锁定在载波上时以及锁定在干扰上时,载波-干扰功率比与载波-干扰频率差的关系式,并定量评价了单频干扰对QPSK载波同步的影响.     

基于光锁相环的载波捕获环路设计

在相干光通信系统中零差探测技术相比外差探测技术具有更高的探测灵敏度,载波恢复技术为零差探测技术的核心。文章对光学锁相环中的科斯塔斯锁相环进行了研究,通过对其进行理论分析,建立了其数学建模,设计了基于压控振荡器的跟踪锁相电路。当信号光采用BPSK调制方式,平衡探测器输出的I、Q两路信号的相位差保持90°时,本文设计的锁相电路可以实现本振光对信号光相位的跟踪锁定。通过实验对本文设计的基于科斯塔斯锁相环的载波恢复系统进行了测试,结果表明该系统可以较好地解调出信号光中携带的基带信号。     

双谱估计用于软件无线电中的调制识别

为了能稳定地识别出接收信号的调制方式，采用分级识别的方案，对软件无线电中用到的六种调制信号（BPSK，QPSK，π／4DQPSK，MSK，GMSK，TFM）进行分类识别，第一级利用反映包络变化的参数对调制信号集进行粗分类，第二级利用从信号平方谱、瞬时相位平方的双谱中提取出的特征参数分类识别。仿真结果表明，该方案在不需要预知精确载波频率的情况下，可达到较高的识别率。     

基于基片集成波导技术的QPSK微波调制器

QPSK是一种频带利用率和抗噪声能力很强的调制方式,广泛应用于军事和卫星通信领域.本文采用基片集成波导（Substrate integrated waveguide,SIW）技术设计仿真了一个X频段QPSK微波调制器,电路的相位误差在工作频段内小于3°,而且幅度不平衡小于0.5 dB,可实现对8.5～10.2 GHz载波信号的直接QPSK调制.     

一种改进的高动态QPSK信号解调算法

正交相移键控(QPSK)调制解调方式广泛应用于深空通信、数字卫星通信等高速系统中,高动态QPSK信号具有较大的多普勒载波频偏,针对现有的解调算法对QPSK信号频偏估计范围小、精度较低等问题,提出了一种改进的高动态QPSK信号解调算法。该算法利用基于Zoom-FFT的Quinn频率估计算法对载波频偏进行估计,将频偏估计分为粗估计和精估计两个过程,对估计所得频偏进行补偿后利用Costas环完成载波同步。在MATLAB中对算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该算法能够实现对高动态大频偏QPSK信号的有效捕获,与传统的解调方式相比,该算法对载波频偏的估计范围更大,且具有更高的频偏估计精度和更好的误码性能。     

改善相位估值的混合锁相环的分析

在数字通信系统中,用于相位估值而广泛采用的非线性反馈系统是一种锁相环。如果传送的信号在载频上含有残余的载波分量,则锁相环可用来跟踪载波相位。另一方面,信号的调制分量也含有载波的相位信息。本文讨论并分析一种组合调制分量和载波分量来供相位估值的系统。此系统由两种类型的锁相环组合而成。     

Ka频段高载波抑制的2阶直接调制器研究

介绍了一种基于载波2 阶谐波分量进行相位调制的毫米波直接调制器的研究工作。毫米波正交调制器由于其载波泄漏而无法满足工程应用低误码率的传输需求。针对该问题,设计反并联二极管对构建了毫米波正交乘法器,使基带信号与载波的2 阶谐波分量进行正交乘法运算,而落在调制信号带内载波的2阶分量在二极管对内部流动,对外无输出,提高了毫米波直接调制器的载波抑制度。同时载波工作频率变为原来的1/2,载波基波信号可以采用滤波器得到很高的抑制,并提高了电路的容错性。最终实现毫米波直接调制器的载波泄漏臆-50 dBm,经试验证明Ka频段2阶直接调制器的调制信号的码速率最高2.4 Gbit/s,可满足BPSK、QPSK、8PSK 等多种调制方式。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks