伺服焊枪点焊PLC控制系统设计

基于PLC控制器设计了一套伺服焊枪点焊控制系统,该系统集成了伺服焊枪和焊接控制器等设备.焊接过程中,电极定位利用伺服电机的位置环来实现,电极力则通过采集安装在电极杆上的LoadCel压力传感器的反馈压力信号来进行闭环控制,与焊接控制器的通讯则由系统的I/O模块来完成.试验表明,该伺服焊枪系统在焊接过程中电极定位迅速、电极力稳定,并能够有效地提高焊接质量,减少焊接喷溅,延长电极寿命.     

工艺参数对板管间接点焊过程的影响

针对板管间接点焊过程中焊接变形较大,引起接头质量难以保证的问题.通过采集电极位移曲线,研究板管间接点焊过程中膨胀量和变形量的变化规律,分析不同焊接工艺参数(焊接电流、电极力和焊接时间)对该点焊过程的影响.结果表明,板管间接点焊焊接阶段,膨胀过程与变形过程相互耦合;保持阶段,在电极力作用下,焊接变形进一步加大,最大变形量随着电极力的增大和焊接热输入的增多而线性增加.发生喷溅时,电极位移曲线出现阶梯状畸变,可利用位移曲线斜率的变化评判该点焊的喷溅现象.研究结果为板管间接点焊过程在线监测与质量控制提供理论指导.     

电阻点焊应变式压力传感器弹性体的设计及应用

针对电阻点焊压力的在线监测,根据电阻点焊电极受力分析结果,提出通过缩短压力传感器与电极间的安装距离、减少受力不平衡带来的测量误差的方法。设计可直接安装在下电极及其电极握杆之间的应变式压力传感器,并对其弹性体进行设计计算。测试结果表明,该传感器能够实时测量电阻点焊过程中的电极压力,及时响应点焊熔核形成过程压力的瞬时变化,可间接预测熔核大小、监测焊接过程中的飞溅。     

电阻点焊电磁力的试验分析

由于电阻点焊使用的是高电流,因此在焊接过程中产生强磁场.文中以固定式点焊机为例,将电极臂及电极等效为一段通电导体,对电阻点焊过程中产生的电磁力作了理论分析,研究了电阻点焊电磁力的测试方法,并在一台中频直流焊机上对电磁力进行了测试.理论分析和试验结果均表明,电磁力的作用是使得电极力减小,即电磁力有抵消电极力的作用;电磁力的大小主要与焊接电流及电极臂的开口高度有关,与焊接电流的平方成正比,与电极臂的开口高度成反比.因此,在实际焊接中,在设定或测试电极力时,应充分考虑电磁力的影响.     

电阻点焊中电极位移三段距离测量方法及试验验证

针对电阻点焊中传统的上电极运动测量方法和长臂工装测量方法中,因焊接过程中焊接热膨胀力引起的焊钳变形带来电极位移测量误差,提出了采用梯形关系和三段距离的电极位移测量方法,并对比分析了这两种测量方法的累计计算误差;然后针对误差较小的三段距离测量方法,通过设计倒F形工装,采用激光位移传感器和基于LabVIEW编程的嵌入式工控机数据采集系统等组成的电极位移试验监测和验证系统,用工艺试验进行验证.结果表明,三段距离测量方法具有准确性和可行性,由动态电极力引起的C形焊钳下电极的变形位移是不可忽略的电极位移值的组成部分.     

工艺参数对机器人搅拌摩擦焊轴向力和前进抗力的影响EI北大核心CSCD

针对6061-T6铝合金机器人搅拌摩擦焊(RFSW)展开研究,首先在库卡机器人的末端和搅拌摩擦焊电主轴之间安装六维力传感器,搭建六维力传感器数据采集系统。其次采用不同的工艺参数对5 mm 6061-T6铝合金进行焊接,在焊接过程中实时监测搅拌头受到的轴向力和前进抗力,焊后对焊缝横截面进行观察与分析,对焊缝横截面进行拉伸测试和硬度测量,分析轴向力和前进抗力对焊缝微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:搅拌头转速在800~3400 r/min之间,搅拌头转速对焊缝力学性能影响较小;焊接速度在60~360 mm/min之间,焊缝力学性能良好。焊接过程中搅拌针下压阶段轴向力最大,达到约5000 N,焊接阶段稳定时,轴向力约为3600 N,焊接阶段前进抗力最大,达到约−550 N。在焊接过程中,轴向力/前进抗力的比值为−6.5左右时焊缝性能良好。     

点焊过程电极压力的测试与分析

本文介绍了一套点焊过程电极压力测试装置，并对不同焊接参数和焊接条件下的点焊过程静态电极力及 动态电极压力特性曲线进行了分析，实验结果表明，利用该测试装置能够有效地测取点焊过程的静态及电极压力，并可用于点焊过程质量控制。     

基于嵌入式系统的电阻点焊飞溅信息在线判读

钢材的电阻点焊过程中,动态电阻的变化表征了丰富的焊接质量信息.采用嵌入式系统实时监测焊接过程动态电阻的变化有利于提高对焊接质量的认识.设计了嵌入式监测系统,系统同时监测焊接电流、电极间压力和电极间的电压、电极位移信号.分析了双相钢DP600焊接过程中的动态电阻变化与焊点熔核之间的关系,并阐明用焊点两端的电压信号替代动态...     

点焊电极工作状态在线监测

对连续点焊过程中电极两端电流、电压和动态电阻进行跟踪测试.采用DN-100固定式点焊机,在不维修电极的情况下连续焊接550点,并对点焊电极不同工作状态下的跟踪测试结果进行对比分析.发现随着焊点数的不断增加,采集参数中的变压器二次端电压没有发生明显变化,而电极问电压却随之不断地发生改变,从而确定出在线监测点焊电极工作状态的最佳方法.     

变电极力对管板单面电阻点焊形核的影响

根据管板单面电阻点焊结构特点,建立了轴对称有限元模型.通过结构、热电场的全耦合,分析了恒定电极力作用下,管板单面点焊的形核过程和特点,其焊接过程结构件的大变形导致形成的焊点质量不可靠.利用伺服焊枪通电过程中可实时改变电极力的特性,研究焊接过程中力的变化对焊点形状的影响规律.结果表明,单面电阻点焊焊接通电过程中改变电极力,在同等焊接工艺参数的情况下可增大焊接件间的连接宽度,减小焊接变形,提高焊点质量,为管板焊接在车身上广泛安全的应用提供理论依据.     

基于LabVIEW铝合金点焊电流和电极压力监控系统的研究

在监控铝合金电阻点焊焊接过程中,还没有一种传感器可以准确可靠地检测出熔核的成形质量.在点焊过程中压力信号被认为能够提供关于熔核成形最多的信息.利用LabVIEW语言开发了点焊监控系统,对电流信号及电极压力信号进行实时采集,可以有效地检测点焊熔核质量的变化.     

Effect of variable electrode force on weld quality in resistance spot welding

Abstract

Resistance spot weldability is defined as the acceptable welding current ranges as determined by the weld lobe in resistance spot welding. Nowadays many studies have focused on the effect of welding current and welding time under constant electrode force on the weld quality and weldability. There is little research on the influence of variable electrode force on the weld quality and weldability because of the difficulty in controlling variable electrode force using pneumatic gun. In the present study, first, the influence of three stages of electrode force, including squeeze force, welding force and forging force, on the quality of welds is analysed. Then a design of experiment approach is applied to analyse the influence of the three stages of electrode force on welding quality and thus to obtain optimum parameter of variable electrode force by controlling the electrode force with servo gun. The comparisons of tensile shear strength, nugget size, weld lobe width and wear rate of electrode tip between variable force and constant force are carried out. The results show that the weld quality and weldability can be increased evidently using optimum parameter of variable electrode force without accelerating the electrode wear rate.     

Development of single-side resistance spot welding technology applying in-process welding current and electrode force controls

An indirect resistance spot welding process with single-side electrode access was developed for automotive applications. The variable controls of electrode force and welding current during welding were studied in order to achieve the promotion of weld nugget formation and the suppression of expulsion without sacrificing the productivity and design flexibility of automobiles. The welding experiments were performed on lapped test coupons of 0.7-mm-thick cold-rolled sheet with tensile strength of 270 N/mm² and 1.6-mm-thick cold-rolled sheet with tensile strength of 980 N/mm² using a resistance spot welding system consisting a servo-motor-controlled welding gun and an inverter DC power supply. Welding experiments verified that the occurrence of expulsion and formation of molten nugget were significantly influenced by the heat generation and melting process at an initial period during welding and manageable by applying the variable patterns of electrode force and welding current. When welding was performed under the large shunting condition simply with the constant force and current pattern of 400 N in electrode force, the appropriate current range was less than 1 kA. On the other hand, it extended to 2.6 kA when performed with the variable force and current pattern of 800 N in force and 4 kA in current at the first stage and 400 N in force at the second stage, confirming the fact that the variable pattern successfully suppressed the expulsion and promoted the nugget formation. Numerical simulations were conducted to compare the difference in welding phenomena between the constant force and current pattern and the variable force and current pattern and clarified that the effect of variable force and current pattern on the promotion of nugget formation and the suppression of expulsion.     

镀镍钢板和镍板微型点焊时电极粘附机理的研究

研究了镀镍钢板和镍板微型点焊时电极粘附的机理以及焊接电流、焊接时间、电极压力和电极间距对电极粘附力的影响规律。结果表明；镀镍钢板和镍板微型点焊时电极粘附的机理是电极和镀镍板之间的局部焊接，电极粘附力随电极与镀镍板之间局部焊接面积的增加而增加；电极粘附力随点焊电流和点焊时间的减小而下降。此外，电极压力和电极间距对电极粘附力也有一定的影响。     

变电极力作用下的电阻点焊质量分析

热镀锌低碳钢板在车身内外板上获得了广泛应用.在传统的气动焊枪作用下,采用恒定的电极力焊接时,点焊质量不稳定.然而变电极力对镀锌钢板电阻点焊质量的影响很大.因此利用伺服焊枪能够精确控制电极力的特点,运用正交试验设计方法,深入分析了点焊过程中三个阶段电极力,即预压力、焊接力和锻压力对点焊质量的影响,得到了最优的变电极力参数.结果表明,点焊过程中的锻压力是影响点焊质量的重要因素,其次是焊接力,而预压力是最次要因素;最优的变电极力参数能够明显提高热镀锌低碳钢板的焊点拉剪力和熔核直径,这为基于电极力检测的点焊质量实时评价和电极力控制方面的研究奠定了基础.     

Experimental study of single sided sheet to tube resistance spot welding

Abstract

To reduce weight and improve performance, hydroformed tubes are being widely used in automotive structure fabrication and the single sided sheet to tube resistance spot welding (SSRSW) is considered as a feasible method for joining a tube to other parts. However, in the sheet to tube SSRSW process, it is difficult to assure welding quality because of large welding deformation due to a lack of support inside the tube. The present paper investigates the influences of welding parameters, such as electrode force and welding current, on the welding deformation and quality of the sheet to tube SSRSW using electrode displacement and tensile shear tests. The effects of different electrode force patterns on the welding quality are investigated utilising the force characteristics of a servo gun. It is found that the welding deformation is influenced by both the electrode force and the welding current, and the tensile shear strength declines with larger electrode force and higher welding current. However, the tensile strength could be enhanced significantly and the welding deformation decreased greatly by reducing the electrode force in the welding stage or holding stage. In order to decrease manufacturing cost and improve weld quality, the reduced electrode force is recommended for the sheet to tube SSRSW process.     

伺服焊枪在板管单面电阻点焊中的应用

针对板管单面电阻点焊可焊性范围较窄,焊接质量难以保证的问题,分析了伺服焊枪电极位置、运动速度和电极力可控特性在板管单面电阻点焊中的应用前景.结果表明,伺服焊枪的软接触特性可以避免冲击力对焊接工件的影响,从而保证板管良好的接触状态;利用伺服焊枪的可变电极力特性,在焊接过程中减小电极力,能够有效提高接头的抗剪强度,降低焊接变形,改善焊点外观,并且拓宽可焊性范围.伺服焊枪为板管单面点焊的焊接质量提供了有力保障,在板管单面电阻点焊中具有广阔的应用前景.