两段氧化法制备四氧化三锰

为了优化两段氧化法制备四氧化三锰的工艺，分别采用单因素试验和正交试验探讨反应温度、锰离子的加料速度、氨锰物质的量比、固相氧化温度、固相氧化时间对总锰质量分数的影响。试验得出制备四氧化三锰的工艺条件为：原料氨锰物质的量比2：1，锰离子的加料速度30mL／h，反应温度95℃，固相氧化温度200℃，固相氧化时间3h。在最佳条件下制备的四氧化三锰是γ-Mn3O4，总锰质量分数为71．0％，平均粒径为1．23μm。     

硫酸锰室温固相球磨制备四氧化三锰

利用软锰矿吸收硫酸镁热解尾气二氧化硫制得硫酸锰,再与碳酸氢铵室温下固相球磨反应,制备出前躯体碳酸锰,经热分解获得四氧化三锰。分别考察了物料比、球磨时间、球料比等因素对硫酸锰转化率的影响,采用XRD对产物进行了分析。结果表明,在n（碳酸氢铵）∶n（硫酸锰）=3.5∶1、球磨时间为40 min、球料质量比为5∶1时,硫酸锰的转化率可达99.8%,将固相产物在1 000 ℃热解1 h后所制备的四氧化三锰纯度为99.9%。该工艺操作简单,产品纯度高,成本低,为硫酸锰制备四氧化三锰提供了新的途径。     

以富锰渣制备4A分子筛

研究了以富锰渣为原料，经过硫酸浸出、酸浸渣与碱固相高温煅烧熔融制备分子筛的工艺。以10％（质量分数）的硫酸为浸取介质，在90～100℃下反应2h，将富锰渣中锰、铁、钙、镁等可溶性物质溶出，液相中的锰用来制备硫酸锰。酸浸渣与碱固相反应，将硅铝溶出，补氢氧化铝，调整比例到4A分子筛合适的硅铝比，使溶液中各物质的量比为n（二氧化硅）／n（三氧化二铝）=2，n（水）／n（氧化钠）=28，n（氧化钠）／n（二氧化硅）=0．9。浓缩溶液至过饱和状态，在空气中冷却到30℃，再升温至90℃，恒温5h。加入氯化钠少许，放冷使之结晶。过滤并洗涤晶体至pH=9-10，于马弗炉中500℃左右煅烧1h即得4A分子筛产品。     

直接浸出低品位软锰矿制备硫酸锰工艺研究

采用广西钦州市低品位软锰矿-黄铁矿与硫酸直接浸取制备硫酸锰,以锰的浸出率为观察指标,研究液固比5∶1的浸出条件如时间、温度、硫酸用量、黄铁矿用量等工艺参数,同时研究中和反应条件和浓缩结晶条件对锰浸出率的影响。结果表明:将软锰矿150 g、黄铁矿60 g与98%硫酸110 mL直接浸取制备硫酸锰,在浸出时间为5 h、温度90℃、液固比5∶1、浸出率可达98.62%。另最佳中和条件为:中和剂(CaCO3)30 g、中和时间1 h、温度90℃、终点pH值5.4;最佳浓缩结晶温度在90℃左右,结晶后直接进行热过滤,使硫酸锰和溶液分离。     

燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫资源化利用工业示范研究

对利用低品位软锰矿浆脱除燃煤锅炉烟气中SO2的技术进行了中试研究,考察了软锰矿粒径、矿浆中硫酸浓度、液固质量比、反应温度、反应时间、矿浆流量等因素对烟气脱硫和锰浸出效果的影响,建立了3000 m3/h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫资源化利用的工业示范工程。结果表明,燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫资源化利用的适宜工艺条件为:软锰矿粒径为0.125 mm,矿浆中硫酸浓度为20 g/L,液固质量比为5∶1,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为7 h,矿浆流量为50 m3/h。在适宜的工艺条件下,锰浸出率为91.5%,烟气脱硫率为90.2%,烟气中SO2浓度由1900 g/m3降低至130 g/m3以下。利用净化除杂、高温氧化处理后的硫酸锰溶液可制备高性能的电解二氧化锰,该电解二氧化锰的质量优于普通电解二氧化锰。     

硫酸锰溶液中镁离子的沉淀行为研究

主要对以含镁高的工业硫酸锰溶液为原料制备高纯四氧化三锰时的沉淀工艺条件进行研究。通过实验测定氢氧化物沉淀时溶液中锰、镁离子浓度和计算沉淀物中镁与锰的质量比,研究了硫酸锰溶液的初始浓度、沉淀pH、反应温度对锰、镁离子沉淀的影响。结果表明,当硫酸锰溶液的锰质量浓度为40 g/L（镁质量浓度为1.56 g/L）,选择终点pH为9.0,反应温度为40 ℃时,锰离子的沉淀率可达90%,氧化得到的四氧化三锰产品中锰元素质量分数为71%,镁元素的质量分数为2×10-4,锌元素质量分数为1.26×10-4,其他金属元素质量分数均小于7×10-5,基本能达到四氧化三锰产品质量要求。     

环氧SBS开环制备磺酸钠离聚体及其部分性能研究

利用环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ESBS）的环氧基与亚硫酸氢钠在相转移催化剂、开环催化剂和pH调节剂（BS）存在条件下反应制得磺酸钠离聚体。研究了其反应条件，并采用FTIR及透射电镜确定了离聚体的存在，还研究了不同离子基团含量对磺酸离聚体的乳化性能、吸水率、吸油率及稀溶液粘度的影响。结果表明，ESBS开环反应制备磺酸钠离聚体的最佳条件为：ESBS在甲苯中的质量浓度为12g／100mL；n（NaHSO3）／n（Epoxy）：1．8；m（BS）／m（NaHSO3）=36％；m（TEAB）／m（ESBS）=5％；m（DMA）／m（ESBS）=5％；60℃搅拌反应7h，环氧基转化率达到90％。随着离聚体中离子基团的增加，离聚体的乳化性能增强，吸水性能增大，吸油性能明显增强，离聚体稀溶液粘度增大。     

天然气吸附剂的制备

以石油焦为原料，氢氧化钾为主活化剂，TM为活化助剂，在m(KOH)：m(石油焦)=3：1，m(TM)：m(石油焦)：1：1，750℃活化1．5h的条件下，制备出了一种高效的天然气吸附剂。此吸附剂的BET比表面积达2600m^2／g，孔容1．48cm^3／g，其中微孔占90％以上。吸附剂在3．5MPa、25℃下吸附天然气的质量吸附量达14．5％，体积吸附量达95％。该技术为吸附天然气汽车的推广提供了一种高效、价廉的吸附剂。     

3，3‘—二氯联苯胺盐酸盐合成新工艺的研究

以邻硝基氯苯（A）为原料，经过3步化学反应合成3，3'-二氯联苯胺盐酸盐（D）：（A）在0.2g 1,4-萘醌催化下与CH2O／NaOH(摩尔比为n(NaOH)/n(CH2O)=0.85:1)在56－57℃反应7h，得到2，2'-二氯氧化偶氮苯（B），产率91．0％；（B）在0.5g Al-Ni合金及0.3g 1,4-萘醌催化下与水合肼在56－57℃反应7．5h，得到2，2'-二氯氢化偶氮苯（C），产率97．0％；（C）在盐酸中分别于5℃反应2h，于10℃反应11h,于23－24℃反应11h得到（D）。（D）的总产率达到85．5％，纯率（质量分数）97．7％。     

钛白废酸-软锰矿-硫铁矿制备高纯硫酸锰

研究以硫铁矿为还原剂,在钛白废酸中湿法还原软锰矿制备硫酸锰的工艺过程。探讨反应温度、反应时间、酸矿比和矿浆浓度等因素对硫酸锰浸出率的影响。实验结果表明：在反应温度为95 ℃、反应时间为2.5 h、硫铁矿与软锰矿（以锰计）的质量比为0.95～1.0、硫酸与软锰矿（以锰计）的质量比为1.30、矿浆质量分数为28%～30%的条件下,硫酸锰的浸出率达到95%以上。通过加入碳酸钙中和浸出溶液使其pH为5～6,以除去溶液中的铁、钛、铝等杂质;加入自制硫化锰以除去溶液中的重金属离子;加入二氟化锰以除去溶液中的钙镁离子等。所得溶液经陈化、过滤、浓缩和结晶后得高纯一水硫酸锰,产品纯度为99%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。