卤化银高感乳剂研究的发展动向

本文综述了国内外卤化银高感乳剂的研究现状、发展趋势以及制备卤化银高感乳剂所采用的T-颗粒乳剂、核壳乳剂和外延乳剂技术。     

八十年代卤化银照相乳剂制备技术的发展趋向

本文在分析大量专利、文献资料的基础上,论述了八十年代照相乳剂制备技术的发展趋向。系统地介绍了当今最有发展前景的三种新型照相乳剂,即T-颗粒乳剂、核壳乳剂、外延乳剂的结构、性能、制备和应用。讨论了上述三种乳剂的结构与性能间的关系,以及它们之间的异同。     

T-颗粒乳剂的新发展

本文较系统地综述了T-颗粒乳剂的新发展。着重介绍了T-颗粒与外延、包壳、表面侵蚀等技术相结合所产生的一系列新型乳剂,包括棱、角外延T-颗粒、侧面凸起T-颗粒、(111)晶面外延T-颗粒、包壳T-颗粒、表面粗糙及中间凹陷T-颗粒等。并概述了它们的结构、性能及制备方法。     

微粒高感负性乳剂的制备

微粒高感负性乳剂的制备福达感光公司研究所（厦门３６００１２）陈建文１．引言微粒高感乳剂的制备是彩色胶片提高产品质量的前提和基础。要制备微粒高感乳剂，就要通过更精细、更科学的乳剂制备手段。８０年代以来发展起来的Ｔ颗粒乳剂、核壳乳剂和外延乳剂，是现代新型...     

T颗粒乳剂的角外延研究

卤化银颗粒外延技术是提高感光乳剂感光度的重要途径,而角外延能取得最显著的效果。但是本文作者过去从事的实验表明采用过量的碘盐或某些有机物作定向剂未能获得预期的效果。本文报导了作者采用染料与碘盐结合作定向剂的方法可取得显著的成果。     

乳剂制备技术二则

一、含拼合卤化银微晶的乳剂制备所谓拼合卤化银微晶,是指该晶体的晶核为β-型多面体 AgI,并在其外围延生出其它组份的卤化银微晶。按照乳剂的不同用途,晶体外延部分的卤化银可以是 AgBr、Ag(Br.I)、Ag(Br.Cl.I)、AgCl 或 Ag(BrCl)等。据小西六在日本公开80149933、80149934、80163532和欧州专利申请号19917     

直接正像乳剂的制备

1.前言从成像过程来看,负像乳剂曝光后,生成可显中心,直接正像乳剂曝光后,可显中心被破坏。负像乳剂和直接正像乳剂的感光过程如图1所示: 用还原剂灰化卤化银乳剂,在卤化银乳剂颗粒表面生成灰化中心。若在乳剂中添加     

化学增感剂对照相乳剂稳定性的影响

一、引言卤化银照相乳剂层在保存期间,其照相性能发生变化(即所谓照相乳剂的老化),导致感光度降低,灰雾密度增长。以致感光材料不合使用要求,因此研究影响照相乳剂稳定性的因素是很重要的。影响照相乳剂稳定性的因素很多,有的来自外界,如保存时的温度、湿度、与乳剂层接触的气氛等;还有,如照相乳剂的组成、类型、制备乳剂的 pH、pBr 值以及加入乳剂中的补加剂——化学增感剂、光谱增感剂、稳定剂等等。这是影响照相乳剂的内     

一种新型破乳剂的合成及其破乳性能的评价

以丙烯酸和丙烯酸丁酯为原料,合成了非聚醚破乳剂。通过非聚醚破乳剂和聚醚破乳剂LE28酯化接枝共聚,制备了一种新型的两亲性的破乳剂。实验室破乳脱水试验表明,这种新型破乳剂对于埕岛平台稠油具有良好的破乳性能,其结果明显优于非聚醚破乳剂或聚醚破乳剂单独使用时的结果。     

薄层照相乳剂

生产黑白或彩色感光材料,都要求在片基上进行明胶(或其他亲水胶体),卤化银乳剂的薄层涂布。进行薄层涂布,需要使用薄层乳剂。对薄层乳剂的要求是;含水量低,含银量高和银胶比高,乳剂层愈薄,则要求乳剂含银量和银胶比愈高。经过一段时间的试用,发现薄层乳剂有许多优点,如由于乳剂中含水量低,涂布后干燥时间短;乳剂层薄,加工较快;解象力高,成象清晰等。因此,近十多年来,薄层乳剂日益为人们所重视。     

Emulsification and analyzing of oil in water emulsion by implementation of image processing method

ABSTRACT

Although a considerable amount of work has been done on emulsions, particularly regarding their relative stability, it is hard to find a method giving us an overall view about the amount of internal phase (AIP) in emulsions. Discussing this method and putting forward a way to evaluate these parameters is the aim of this paper. In this paper, image processing method is applied to quantify “Amount of Internal phase” in an emulsion. AIP is the parameter that shows the ratio of dispersed phase to the sum of internal and external phases of an emulsion. Microscopic observations of emulsions are fed into a program provided using MATLAB to compute AIP. A series of experiments have been carried out and chemical oxygen demand, COD, is used as a verification parameter. Results derived from image processing and COD tests are in agreement with each other and altogether showed that image processing will be able to be applied as a powerful tool in various applications of emulsions.     

Freeze–thaw stability of emulsions with soy protein isolate through interfacial engineering

In this paper, we examined to the influence of interfacial composition on freeze–thaw stability of oil in water emulsions. An electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition method was used to create the multilayered interfacial membranes with different compositions of primary emulsion (Soy protein Isolate); secondary emulsion (Soy protein Isolate – octenyl-succinate starch); tertiary emulsion (Soy protein Isolate – octenyl-succinate starch – Chitosan). The primary, secondary and tertiary emulsions were subjected to from one to two freeze–thaw cycles (−20 °C for 24 h, +25 °C for 18 h) and then their stability was assessed by ζ-potential, particle size, microstructure and creaming stability measurements. The crystallization behaviour of emulsions was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Primary and secondary emulsions were unstable to droplet flocculation when the water phase crystallized, whereas tertiary emulsions were stable, which was attributed to the relatively thick biopolymer layer surrounding the oil droplets. These results showed the interfacial engineering technology used in the study could therefore lead to the creation of food emulsions with improved stability to freezing and thawing.     

感光乳剂熔化供料工艺与涂布质量

本文叙述了感光乳剂的熔化供料及其对涂布表观质量的影响。     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的制备及复配研究

溶液型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物在使用中会产生环境污染。近年来人们更加重视乳液型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的开发和应用,常采用的方法有2种:通过乳液聚合将含氟丙烯酸酯单体和其他烯类单体共聚,以及将含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液和其他乳液通过共混和偶联进行复配。本文对这2 种方法进行了综述。     

纳米粒子对表面活性剂乳液稳定性的影响

制备了由三种不同类型的表面活性剂稳定的乳状液,考察了纳米粒子对表面活性剂乳液稳定性的影响作用,结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子SDBS、Oπ-10和CTAB稳定的乳液均具有破乳作用;MgO纳米粒子对SDBS稳定的乳液具有破乳作用;Fe2O3纳米粒子对三种表面活性剂乳液的稳定性没有显著影响。     

硫族元素的化学增感

硒碲化合物用途化学增感剂可以显著提高感光乳剂的感光度,但也带来增加灰雾和降低拓差的缺点。为了克服这个难题,曾进行大量研究工作,主要在改进硒碲化合物的化学结构和觅找其在制备乳剂过程中应用的最佳工艺方法等方面。本文扼要总结了近年来这方面研究的进展。     

Physical Ripening of Photographic Emulsions with Hardened Gelatin

The paper presents information about the conditions in which the hardeners formaldehyde and chromic acetate can effect the kinetics of the physical ripening of “neutral” and ammoniacal silver bromide emulsions obtained at various excesses of potassium bromide. When a gelatin is partially hardened, there is no effect on the physical ripening of fine-grained emulsions. The crystal growth is restrained as a consequence of the hardening only when the emulsion grains are larger. In this case it is assumed that on the grain surface are formed thicker or more compact adsorption layers of gelatin, which reduce the rate of the diffusion processes and, hence, the rate of crystal growth. Chromic acetate exerts very strong restraining action on ammoniacal emulsions. This effect is explained not by the hardening of gelatin, but by the formation of chromic ammonia complex ions, which block the active centres of crystal growth on grain surface.     

不同油相对负载茶多酚的多重乳液稳定性的影响

采用高压均质和高速剪切的方法,观察其制备的初乳对多重乳液稳定性的影响,并研究了大豆油、芥花油、油茶籽油和葵花籽油四种不同的植物油作为油相对多重乳液稳定性的影响,实验结果表明,用高压均质方法制备的初乳能够获得稳定的、外观细腻的多重乳液。四种不同的油相制备的多重乳液在4000r/min,15min的离心条件下不分层;大豆油作为油相制备的多重乳液在室温下放置两个月分层,芥花油、油茶籽油和葵花籽油,在室温下放置三个月不分层。对四种不同油相制备的多重乳液的粒径进行测量,实验结果表明,油茶籽油的D0.1,D0.5和D0.9三个数据的粒径的稳定性比较好。     

全氟化合物应用在医学领域的发展动态

全氟化合物及其乳液是有效的临床工具和移植材料，正在成为多种用途的生物医学化合物，因此将得到广泛的应用，本文着重叙述了ＰＥＣｓ在医学领域的发展动态。     

介质弹性对多重乳液分散度的影响

多重乳液的单分散性是与粒径相关的一些重要性质如乳液稳定性、乳化剂界面分配等研究工作的基础.在保证连续相与分散相的粘度比∈(0.1,1)条件下,分别以聚丙烯酰胺及甘油为连续相,以不同内相体积w1/o一级乳液为分散相,在相应流变性质研究的基础上,研究了介质的弹性对多重乳液分散度的影响,制备了分散度20%左右的拟单分散多重乳液体系.研究表明,连续相的弹性是制备拟单分散多重乳液的必要条件,分散相的弹性有利于单分散多重乳液的制备.完善了前人的相关研究结果.