风鹅腌制优化工艺技术的研究

采用正交试验设计探讨了蛋白酶种类、腌制时间、腌制温度对风鹅风味和游离氨基酸产生及硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠、乳酸用量和腌制时间对风鹅发色的影响，结果表明蛋白酶种类、腌制时间、腌制温度对风鹅风味及游离氨基酸产生及硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠、乳酸用量和腌制时间对风鹅的发色均有显著性的影响。其最佳腌制条件如下：蛋白酶种类为毛霉蛋白酶＋青霉蛋白酶＋木瓜蛋白酶，腌制时间6h，腌制温度19℃，硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠和乳酸用量分别为250mg/kg、100mg/kg、200mg/kg和200mg/kg。     

猪肉助色剂的研究及配方优化

研究不同异抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺、茶多酚添加量对猪肉色差、发色率、肌红蛋白存在形式比例及亚硝酸钠残留量的影响,并通过正交交互分析方法来确定减少亚硝酸钠用量的最佳发色配方。结果表明,亚硝酸钠的添加量为100mg/kg时,最佳助色剂配方为:异抗坏血酸钠400mg/kg、烟酰胺500mg/kg、茶多酚300mg/kg。在此条件下,a*为12.78,发色率为56.67%,经过腌制,猪肉在感官上表现为鲜艳的玫瑰红色,发色均匀,且在保藏期间长期不退色。     

风鸭风干工艺条件的优化

采用正交试验探讨了微生物菌种、风速、相对湿度、风干时间、温度对风鸭风味及游离氨基酸产生的影响 .结果表明 ,这些因素对风鸭风味及游离氨基酸产生均有显著的影响 .其最佳风干条件为 ,菌种 :乳酸链球菌 +丁二酮链球菌 +微球菌 ;风速 :5m/s;相对湿度 :68% ;风干时间 :75h ;温度 :1 6℃ .     

腌渍条件对风鸭品质影响的研究

采用L9(34)正交实验研究温度、亚硝酸钠、乳酸菌、腌渍时间对风鸭腌渍品质的影响.结果表明亚硝酸钠是影响风鸭色泽的最显著因素,低温腌渍能控制产品氧化,人工接种乳酸菌能加快腌渍速度和提高游离氨基酸含量.腌渍最佳处理组合为温度10℃、亚硝酸钠100mg/kg、接种乳酸菌和腌渍24h.     

灌肠制品中亚硝酸钠残留量及肉品发色率预测模型的建立

通过对亚硝酸钠添加量、异抗坏血酸钠添加量及原料肉中总色素含量与亚硝酸钠残留量及肉品发色率之间的关系的研究,对实验数据进行了统计分析,建立了本研究范围内的亚硝酸钠残留量及肉品发色率的预测模型:Y1=17.082+0.181X1-0.017X2-0.026X3和Y2=58.466+0.007X1+0.033X2+0.022X3,其中Y1、Y2、X1、X2、X3分别代表亚硝酸钠残留量(mg/kg)、肉品发色率(%)、亚硝酸钠添加量(mg/kg)、异抗坏血酸钠添加量(mg/kg)、原料肉中的总色素含量(mg/kg)。     

风鹅风干新技术的研究

采用L16（4^5)正交试验设计探讨了乳酸链球菌，丁二酮链球菌，微球菌，风速，相对湿度，风干时间，温度对风鹅风味及游离氨基酸产一的,结果表明它们对风鹅风味及游离氨基酸产生均有显著性的影响。其最佳风干条件如下。功种类为乳酸链球菌＋丁二酮链球菌＋微球菌；风速6m/s；相对湿度68％，风干时间75h，温度61℃。     

三穗血酱鸭加工工艺研究

对生产工艺腌制、炒制、鸭血添加等关键工序进行研究,确定了优化后的工艺参数。确定复合发色剂(硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠)用量为0.010%,发色助剂异抗坏血酸钠用量0.04%,复合磷酸酸盐(焦磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠)用量为0.4%,腌制时间为24h;炒制时间控制在2~3min;添加7%的鸭血,产品酱色明显,表面湿润。对总氮、非蛋白氮、水分活度、硬度、弹性、恢复性、咀嚼性等指标测定,产品品质佳、风味好、利用率高,适于工业化、市场化生产。     

超声波辅助恒温动态循环腌制盐焗鸡翅技术研究

针对盐焗鸡生产工艺中腌制工序时间长、效率低的缺点,以冰冻鸡翅为研究对象,进行超声波辅助恒温动态循环腌制技术研究。考察了超声作用时间、超声波功率、腌制温度和盐水浓度等因素对鸡翅中Na Cl含量、游离氨基酸和挥发性盐基氮的含量的影响,通过正交实验优化了腌制工艺条件。结果表明:各因素对Na Cl含量、游离氨基酸和挥发性盐基氮的含量均有明显影响。超声波辅助恒温动态循环腌制鸡翅的最佳工艺参数为超声作用时间为60min,超声波功率为335W,超声腌制温度为50℃,腌制液盐浓度为6%。此条件下测得鸡翅肉中Na Cl含量为2.01%,游离氨基酸为94.35mg/100g,挥发性盐基氮9.31mg/100g。超声波辅助恒温动态循环腌制能促进食盐的渗透速率,缩短腌制时间,提高游离氨基酸的含量,有利于产品滋味和风味的形成。     

肉腌制工艺参数研究

通过添加腌制剂、助发色剂等食品添加剂对猪肉进行湿法腌制,并对腌制成品的发色率、肉中亚硝酸钠残留量进行测定,得到了湿法腌制肉的最佳工艺参数,即食盐用量为2.5%、复合磷酸盐用量为0.3%、硝酸钠用量为0.04%、亚硝酸钠用量为0.009%、抗坏血酸用量为0.02%、腌制温度为4℃、腌制时间为32h,该结论可为工业生产腌制肉提供参考。     

酱卤肉制品猪拱嘴加工工艺优化研究

研究滚揉腌制和浸泡腌制等不同工艺对酱卤肉制品猪拱嘴品质的影响。滚揉腌制配比:食盐2.5%,白砂糖1%,白酒0.45%,三聚磷酸钠0.3%,双乙酸钠0.2%,谷氨酸钠0.4%,D-异抗坏血酸钠0.05%,红曲红0.09%,脱氢乙酸钠0.03%,乳酸链球菌素0.03%,亚硝酸钠80mg/kg;浸泡腌制的配比:除亚硝酸钠为40mg/kg外,其余辅料添加量均为滚揉腌制的1.5倍。结果显示:产品的感官总评分值低于浸泡组;微生物含量与浸泡组无较大差异;NaNO2残留量高于浸泡组。综合评定表明浸泡工艺制作的酱卤猪拱嘴有更高的品质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press