农业产业化与食物安全

1992年我国开始提出农业产业化概念,随后又提出发展“两高一优”农业,经过10多年探索,已进一步认识到农业产业化在解决粮食和食物安全以及“三农”问题上的重要意义。一、农业产业化的形成和目标西方国家的农业已经实现了各种形式的产业化经营,而我国的农业产业化程度较低。这不仅体现在覆盖的农民和土地范围小,加工销售能力低,加工销售企业实力弱,而且还体现在农业生产的实体与加工销售实体之间的结合程度低,多以订单或者销售合同的形式联系。在我国的信用体系还没有完善以前,一旦市场形势发生变化,毁约情况严重使我国农业产业化的发展受到…     

中国农业与东方食品

近几十年来,我国农业取得了很大成绩,以农业增长为基础的食物发展进入新的阶段。传统食物得到发扬和光大,已成为世界食品中独树一帜的食物类型,形成了典型的东方膳食的食物模式。一、农业生产持续发展,食物资源稳定增加农业所生产的粮食、油料、蔬菜、水果、肉类、蛋类、奶类、水产等等,是人类赖以生存的最基本生活资料。我国是世界上最大的农业大国,也是人口最多的国家。目前,有１２亿多人口,预计下世纪３０—４０年代人口最高峰时可达１６亿以上。近几十年来,我国农业生产持续发展,为人们提供了丰富的食物资源。粮食总产量由１…     

农业产业化经营的基础:规格化、标准化

<正> 我国农产业已由短缺变成相对过剩,农业发展受到需求的约束。农业的出路不再是生产量的增加,调整种植结构、发展农产品加工,以及加快产业化经营已成为农业现代化的课题。农民应该生产什么?仅仅提出生产专用品种、优质品种,不仪难以回答农民的问题,而且,不利引导农业迅速向产业     

Nutrition-sensitive urban agriculture

Urban and peri-urban agriculture make up a significant proportion of the food supply of many cities and its importance is increasing. Today, around 15 % of the world’s food is grown in urban areas. City and suburban agriculture take many forms (backyard, roof-top, balcony, community gardening in vacant lots and parks, urban fringe agriculture and livestock grazing in open spaces). Food and nutrition security, both of which are necessary for a healthy and balanced diet, require focus on the urban production of food. Such food should include micro nutrients and complement lacking or difficult to obtain foodstuffs. Due consideration should also be given to quality aspects in production and marketing. Only in a few places is the role and importance of urban production, specifically for the poorer parts of urban society, is recognized and acted upon through sound policies, planning procedures and programs. This paper presents the arguments for urban agriculture—in the North as well as in the South—and shows that it has the potential to contribute to diversified diets of urban citizens. More attention should be given to linking it better to the local food system. Recommendations for the support of nutrition sensitive urban agriculture relate to sensitizing and training of all actors, particularly urban planners, in identifying and addressing the specific challenges and potentials as well as giving institutional support to groups working in the area. New, adapted technologies and production systems that fit better into the local food system should be enhanced with due consideration being given to the prevailing legal, social and economic conditions.     

非织造材料的农业应用和发展

阐述了农用非织造材料的特点、作用机理、应用情况和性能要求,指出我国非织造材料在农业方面的应用前景广阔。     

Agriculture group symposium agriculture and pollution

The digestion of carbohydrates in straw and their substituent acetic and phenolic acids was studied using a slaughter technique. Two goats received non-alkali-treated and alkali-treated straws. The latter treatment increased the total apparent digestibility of cellulose by 56% and of hemicellulose by 110%. The ratio of cellulose to hemicellulose was altered in the rumen. For the non-alkali-treated straw the ratio decreased compared with the feed, whereas it increased for the alkali-treated straw. The ratio was kept almost constant post-rumen for both diets. The composition of the hemicellulose was also altered in the rumen compared with the straws fed. In particular the arabinose content decreased in both diets. Most of the polysaccharide digestion and absorption took place in the rumen. For the alkali-treated straw a hindgut fermentation could also be noted, especially for cellulose. Klason lignin was lost in the rumen but was recovered in the small intestine. Ferulic acid was more readily lost in the rumen than p-coumaric acid. Although acetyl groups were almost absent in the alkali-treated straw, they could still be found in the digesta of the animal. The slaughter technique appears to be a useful method when working with partitioning of digesta in ruminant animals.     

一个国土狭小的食品出口大国——访荷兰驻中国大使馆农业随员荷兰生先生

荷兰本土面积仅41,526平方公里,约为中国的二百三十分之一,人口却多达1,560万,是世界人口最密集的国家之一。随着近年来环保意识的增强,荷兰政府对农药、化肥的使用严加控制,并对本已很少的耕地面积进行下调。然而,这却丝毫没有影响其农产品的产量,荷兰至今仍保持着世界第三大农业和食品出口国的地位。究竟是什么使荷兰在一片狭小的土地上创造出如此惊人的业绩?记者就此采访了荷兰驻我国大使馆农业随员荷兰生(Frans A.G.M.Claassen)先生。