Michael D'Zmura: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology.

This article discusses the life and work of Michael D'Zmura, the recipient of the 1998/1999 American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Early Career Awards for 1974.

Announces the recipients of the Early Career Awards, presented for the first time in 1974. This year's recipients were drawn from the fields of psychopathology, human learning/cognitive, and physiological psychology. The awards were presented to Norman T. Adler, John M. Neale, and Michael Turvey. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Isabel Gauthier: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology.

Provides the biography of Isabel Gauthier and announces that she has won the Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology for highly original and rigorous thinking about the nature of visual representation. A selected bibliography is also provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Steven J. Luck: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology.

Announces that Steven J. Luck has received the Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology for outstanding research on the brain mechanisms of visual perception, attention, and cognition. In addition to the citation, a biography and selected bibliography of Luck's work are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for distinguished scientific contributions: Michael S. Gazzaniga.

Presents the citation, biography, and selected bibliography for Michael S. Gazzaniga, one of the 2008 recipients of the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology: Stephen A. Maren.

Presents a citation for Stephen Maren, who received the 2001 Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. "With an ability to move seamlessly between multiple levels of analysis, from cognitive to behavioral to synaptic, Stephen A. Maren has provided important insight into the synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory for emotional events." Accompanying the citation are a biography and selected bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Infant visual recognition memory: Independent contributions of speed and attention.

Relations between infant visual recognition memory and later cognition have fueled interest in identifying the underlying cognitive components of this important infant ability. The present large-scale study examined three promising factors in this regard--processing speed, short-term memory capacity, and attention. Two of these factors, attention and processing speed (but, surprisingly, not short-term memory capacity), were related to visual recognition memory: Infants who showed better attention (shorter looks and more shifts) and faster processing had better recognition memory. The contributions of attention and processing speed were independent of one another and were similar at all ages studied--5, 7, and 12 months. Taken together, attention and speed accounted for 6%-9% of the variance in visual recognition memory, leaving a considerable, but not unexpected, portion of the variance unexplained. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The comparison of visual working memory representations with perceptual inputs.

The human visual system can notice differences between memories of previous visual inputs and perceptions of new visual inputs, but the comparison process that detects these differences has not been well characterized. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that differences between the memory of a stimulus array and the perception of a new array are detected in a manner that is analogous to the detection of simple features in visual search tasks. That is, just as the presence of a task-relevant feature in visual search can be detected in parallel, triggering a rapid shift of attention to the object containing the feature, the presence of a memory–percept difference along a task-relevant dimension can be detected in parallel, triggering a rapid shift of attention to the changed object. Supporting evidence was obtained in a series of experiments in which manual reaction times, saccadic reaction times, and event-related potential latencies were examined. However, these experiments also showed that a slow, limited-capacity process must occur before the observer can make a manual change detection response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Randolph Blake: Early Career Awards for 1977.

Randolph Blake received an Ealy Career Award form incisive experimental inquiry that has deepened our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the diverse phenomena of binocular vision. Blake's investigation of binocular rivalry, fusion, and stereopsis has encompassed animals as well as humans through an artful blending of the methods of psychophysics, operant conditioning, and neurophysiology. His research has promoted an integration of behavioral and physiological levels of analysis, helped clarify the relationships between binocular vision and other perceptual processes, illuminated the impact of environment on the developing visual system, and contributed to the etiology of binocular visual anomalies in infants and young children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Michael Davis: 2006 Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions.

Presents the citation for Michael Davis, who received the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions "for his major discoveries about the brain circuits underlying basic aspects of behavioral plasticity and learning." A brief profile and a selected bibliography, as well as Davis' award address, entitled Neural Systems Involved in Fear and Anxiety Measured With Fear-Potentiated Startle (see record 2006-21079-027), accompany the citation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

John M. Neale.

Announces John M. Neale as a recipient of the 1974 Early Career Award, and presents his biography and list of scientific publications. For his investigations of information processing and the role of perceptual factors in process and reactive schizophrenia. His series of investigations of adult schizophrenia, including studies on size estimation, preference for visual complexity, span of apprehension, reaction time, premorbid adjustment, two-flash threshold, and the assessment of paranoid systems, are characterized by their careful execution and varied methodologies. The results of these investigations, done in collaboration with Rue Cromwell, helped to clarify the variations in size estimation characteristic of process and reactive schizophrenics, indicated the importance of anticipatory reaction time responses in discriminating schizophrenic from normal performance, and suggested the role of full versus partial report in span of apprehension tasks. Currently, he is vigorously pursuing a program of research on children at risk for schizophrenia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Marvin M. Chun: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology.

Announces Marvin M. Chun as a recipient of the Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology for 2002. A biographical statement is included, along with major works and contributions for the field. Chun received this award for research on attention, memory, and learning. His research highlights the importance of memory and learning in perception, showing how one's experiences in the world determine how one sees it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Michael C. Roberts: Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology.

Presents a citation for Michael C. Roberts, who received the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology "for his dedication to the education, training, and mentoring of psychologists from undergraduate study through professional career." Accompanying the citation are a brief profile and a selected bibliography, as well as Roberts' award address, entitled Essential Tension: Specialization With Broad and General Training in Psychology (see record 2006-21079-027). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Jack L. Michael: Distinguished Contributions to Education in Psychology Award.

Presents one of two winners of the American Psychological Foundation's Distinguished Contributions to Education in Psychology Award (1971): Jack L. Michael. This award recognizes individuals who have made unusual contributions to instruction in psychology either through their own teaching or through other instructional functions such as the development of new courses or execution of creative work in evaluation of research in the teaching of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions: Michael M. Merzenich.

Michael M. Merzenich received the 2001 Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. His accomplishments include (1) clarifying our understanding of the traditional 'S-I' cortex by demonstrating that each of its four cytoarchitectonic areas contains a separate representation of the body; (2) providing the first demonstrations of plasticity in the adult primate brain following peripheral nerve injury, altering the landscape of behavioral neuroscience; (3) being the first to suggest that this injury-induced plasticity relies on mechanisms that are responsible for normal learning-related changes in the somatosensory system, spawning a search for the mechanisms if plasticity in the adult brain that is now arguably the central focus of neuroscience; and (4) taking the principles derived from his work on plasticity and applying them to help improve speech reception and recognition in children with speech-processing difficulties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished scientific awards for an early career contribution to psychology: Michael S. Fanselow.

Presents the citation, biography, and selected bibliography for Michael S. Fanselow, one of the 1985 recipients of the American Psychological Association's Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology. Fanselow was honored for his work in the field of animal learning & behavior, particularly his exemplary research on the role of learning, behavioral topography, and the analgesia produced by the endogenous opioids in the defenses of animals against predation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Michael I. Posner: Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions: 1980.

Provides the biography of Michael I. Posner and announces that he has received the APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions (1980) for his highly innovative and influential work in human cognition. A selected bibliography is also provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Limitations of object-based feature encoding in visual short-term memory.

The present study investigated object-based feature encoding in visual short-term memory for 2 features within the same dimension that occur on different parts of an object. Using the change-detection paradigm, this experiment studied objects with 2 colors and objects with 2 orientations. Participants found it easier to monitor 1 rather than both features of such objects, even when decision noise was properly controlled for. However, no object-based benefit was observed for encoding the 2 features of each object that were of the same dimension. When similar stimuli were used but the 2 features of each object were from different dimensions (color and orientation), an object-based benefit was observed. These results thus impose a major constraint on object-based feature encoding theories by showing that only features from different dimensions can benefit from object-based encoding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lynn A. Cooper: Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology: 1980.

Provides the biography of Lynn A. Cooper and announces that she has received the Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology (1980) for her incisive investigations of the nature and individual variation of the internal processes of visual representation, transformation, and comparison by means of which we identify, discriminate, and prepare for external objects and events. A selected bibliography is also provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)