荧光增白剂CBS的合成及性能

以对氯氯苄、亚磷酸三乙酯和邻磺酸钠苯甲醛为原料,经3步反应制得荧光增白剂4,4'-双-(2-磺酸钠苯乙烯基)联苯(CBS),并对其结构进行了IR、1HNMR表征。采用紫外光谱和荧光光谱,研究了产物的光致异构化和荧光浓度自猝灭现象,考察了p H和光照时间对其荧光强度的影响,同时对滤纸和棉布进行了增白性能检测。通过单因素实验确定了最佳反应条件:4-氯-二苯乙烯-2'-磺酸钠的合成,n(对氯氯苄)∶n(甲醇钠)=1∶1.1,温度45℃;CBS的合成,温度80℃,m(催化剂)/m(4-氯-二苯乙烯-2'-磺酸钠)=0.04,催化剂配比n(Ni Cl2)∶n(PPh3)∶n(Zn)=1∶3∶2。结果表明,CBS总收率可达66.7%;光照使CBS反式异构体向顺式异构体转换,荧光性能下降;CBS在碱性条件下的荧光性能优于在酸性条件下的荧光性能;荧光淬灭的质量浓度为10 mg/L。     

荧光增白剂4,4′-双-(2-磺酸钠苯乙烯基)联苯的合成新工艺

以氯化苄和对硝基氯苄为原料,经Wittig反应合成中间体2-磺酸钠-二苯乙烯和2-磺酸钠-4′-硝基-二苯乙烯。后者经还原反应、重氮化反应后,在氢氧化钠存在下与前者反应生成最终产品荧光增白剂4,4′-双-(2-磺酸钠苯乙烯基)联苯。     

荧光增白剂4,4''''-双-(2-磺酸钠苯乙烯基)联苯的合成新工艺

以氯化苄和对硝基氯苄为原料，经Wittig反应合成中间体2-磺酸钠-二苯乙烯和2-磺酸钠-4‘-硝基-二苯乙烯。后者经还原反应、重氮化反应后，在氢氧化钠存在下与前者反应生成最终产品荧光增白剂4，4‘-双-(2-磺酸钠苯乙烯基)联苯。     

荧光增白剂ER-330%

<正> 该技术工艺路线为,邻甲苯腈光氯化制邻氰基苄基氯,邻氰基苄基氯酯化制邻氰基苄基膦酸二乙酯,再缩合制得1.4—双(2—氰基苯乙烯基)苯,然后经加工得到荧光增白剂ER—3309%成品。生产过程中产生的废渣以焚烧处理,氯化尾气可吸收成盐酸和次氯酸钠。     

镍催化法合成二苯乙烯联苯类荧光增白剂的研究

本文研究了以二苯乙烯氯苯衍生物为原料,在Ni(O)催化下,合成二苯乙烯联苯类荧光增白剂的工艺过程.     

荧光增白剂CBS

荧光增白剂CBS是一种性能优良的洗涤剂专用增白剂,其生产方法有联苯法和氯代二苯乙烯磺酸法,本文详细叙述了这两种合成方法,并就CBS的用途及市场情况作了详尽的分析。对CBS今后的发展提出了积极的建议。     

荧光增白剂4,4′-双-(2-磺酸钠苯乙烯基)联苯的合成

以联苯、多聚甲醛等为原料,经三步反应合成了荧光增白剂４,４′－双－（２－磺酸钠苯乙烯基）联苯,获得了较高的收率。     

荧光增白剂CBS-127合成工艺研究

以联苯二氯苄、亚磷酸三甲酯、邻甲氧基苯甲醛为原料经膦酰化、缩合反应制备荧光增白剂CBS-127，最佳工艺条件：膦酰化反应物料m(联苯二氯苄)：m(亚磷酸三甲酯)为1：1．24，加料温度140℃，甲醇用量1．50mL，反应时间2h；缩合反应温度50℃，物料配比m(膦酰化反应产物)：m(邻甲基苯甲醛)为1：0．85。该条件下反应总收率80％以上，产品增白强度(相对于标准品)为102％。     

4-(5-甲基苯并恶唑基)-4'-苯并恶唑基二苯乙烯的合成

以对氰基苄基氯、邻氨基对甲苯酚和对醛基苯基苯并恶唑为原料,经加成环化、酯化、缩合三步反应合成了荧光增白剂4-(5-甲基苯并恶唑基)-4'-苯并恶唑基二苯乙烯,三步反应的收率分别可达85%、92%和91%以上。双苯并恶唑二苯乙烯产品纯度>99%,并用元素分析、红外光谱以及紫外吸收光谱对所得的化合物进行了表征。     

增白剂4,4'-双(2,4-二氯苯乙烯基)联苯的合成工艺及表征

以2,4-二氯苯甲醛、4,4'-二(氯甲基)联苯和亚磷酸三甲酯为原料,通过Arbuzow和Wittig-Horner反应合成了4,4'-双(2,4-二氯苯乙烯基)联苯荧光增白剂,两步合成的总收率93.1%以上,该物质具有很好的荧光增白效果,与CXT和CBS相比,白度有了很大的提高。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997