退火对表面纳米化后IF钢结构和织构影响

通过组织观测和织构ODF测试,研究了退火对表面机械研磨处理后的冷轧IF钢结构和织构的影响。结果表明:表面机械研磨处理后的冷轧IF钢表面层纳米晶组织具有良好的热稳定性,经850℃真空退火后,样品表面依然为晶粒取向呈随机分布的纳米晶组织。SMAT样品退火前的晶粒取向对IF钢退火织构的形成具有重要影响,取向处于a-丝织构中的晶粒是再结晶形核和长大的源泉;退火前a-丝织构组分越强,退火后形成的再结晶织构也就越强。     

退火温度对铁素体区热轧IF钢冷轧板织构的影响

研究了铁素体区热轧IF钢经冷轧后,不同退火温度对丝织构的影响.结果表明,铁素体区热轧IF钢在冷轧后,退火温度达到769℃时,α丝织构组分降至最低,同时可以得到有利于深冲性能的{111}//N.D.γ丝织构.随着退火温度的升高,α丝织构没有明显变化,γ丝织构却受到破坏.     

低温取向硅钢初次再结晶动力学模型及织构演变

研究了低温取向硅钢在625~850℃的等温退火过程,根据Avrami方程建立了其初次再结晶动力学模型,并利用EBSD技术对初次再结晶织构演变过程进行了分析。结果表明:当退火温度为850℃时保温5s即可发生完全再结晶;而在625℃下保温1.7h以上再结晶才能进行完全。当退火温度在625~700℃时,Avrami指数n在0.82~0.89之间,当退火温度在750~850℃时,n值在1.25~1.27之间,相对应的再结晶激活能QRX分别为239.3、160.4kJ/mol。初次再结晶早期主要发生在高储存能的γ纤维织构上,而中后期则主要发生在低储存能的α纤维织构上。初次再结晶完成后织构类型主要是以{111}112组分为主的γ织构、{114}418织构及少量分布在次表层的Goss织构。     

退火工艺对冷轧高强IF钢组织及织构的影响

为了观察高强IF钢退火处理后的显微组织和再结晶织构的变化规律,采用两种不同退火工艺对高强IF钢进行热处理。结果表明,IF钢在两种退火方式下均形成了γ-{111}纤维织构,快速升温(350℃/min)退火时,再结晶新核呈等轴状,由变形带内的亚晶合并形成,与冷轧变形基体保持相同取向。慢速升温(2℃/min)退火时,新核在晶界弓出形成,且沿轧制方向呈饼形分布,与基体没有明显取向关系。慢速升温退火样品的γ-{111}取向密度强于快速升温的。对进一步改善薄板钢深冲性能具有指导作用。     

柱状晶组织高硅电工钢二次再结晶的形成机理

  二次再结晶的发生会显著改变电工钢带材的组织和织构，进而影响其磁性能。以柱状晶组织高硅电工钢冷轧带材为研究对象，研究了不同退火方法对试样组织和织构的影响，明确了二次再结晶的发生条件、形成机理和控制方法。研究结果表明，柱状晶组织高硅电工钢冷轧试样发生二次再结晶的温度区间为850～1 000 ℃，在900 ℃退火可获得最大的晶粒尺寸。二次再结晶的形成是由于初次再结晶后试样的组织形成了织构抑制作用，小角度晶界抑制晶粒正常长大，大角度高能晶界迁移率高，具有大角度晶界的晶粒以取向长大方式发生二次再结晶。当退火温度高于1 000 ℃时，升温和冷却速率大于5 ℃/min可以有效抑制二次再结晶的发生。     

退火工艺对3.15 % Si冷轧无取向硅钢组织和织构的影响

试验研究了退火温度（850~950℃）和时间（5~18 min）对2.3 mm热轧硅钢板（/%:0.036C,3.15Si,0.21Mn,0.005P,0.007S,0.032Al）6道次轧制的0.35 mm冷轧板组织和织构的影响。结果表明,退火温度越高,晶粒平均尺寸越大,900℃5 min退火时平均晶粒尺寸41.39μm,试样织构主要集中在γ取向线上的{111}＜112＞;织构组分和{111}＜110＞;织构组分;900℃18 min退火时平均晶粒尺寸为48.08μm,试样的{111}面织构和{112}面织构密度都明显减弱,{001}面织构增强,磁性能较优。     

升温速率对冷轧深冲钢再结晶织构形成的影响

采用实验室管式电阻炉对CSP-DC04冷轧深冲板(%:0.02C、0.03Si、0.2Mn、0.02P、0.008S、0.04Als、0.007N)进行了不同升温速率(2、20、350℃/min)和保温时间(10、60、300 min)的再结晶退火试验。采用EBSD、XRD和金相显微分析等手段对再结晶退火后的试验钢进行了显微组织演变规律和再结晶织构形成机制的研究。试验结果表明:对于CSP-DC04深冲钢,保温时间对晶粒形貌影响不大,但是对再结晶织构类型和强度有明显影响;快速升温(350℃/min)退火后,晶粒形貌为等轴状,尺寸较小,随保温时间增加,α-纤维织构和γ-纤维织构强度均增强,再结晶形核机制为定向形核—亚晶合并形核机制;慢速升温(2℃/min)退火后,晶粒形貌为沿轧向拉长的"饼形"状,随保温时间增加,α-纤维织构强度降低,γ-纤维织构强度先增加后下降,再结晶形核机制为选择生长—晶界弓出形核机制。     

摩擦对IF钢铁素体区热轧和退火织构的影响

采用X射线衍射仪分析IF钢铁素体区热轧织构以及退火织构的演化,在实验室热轧机上进行了IF钢的铁素体区热轧,研究了摩擦对IF钢铁素体区热轧、退火织构的影响。结果表明：无润滑轧制时,钢板表层形成强高斯织构组分{110}〈001〉,弱γ纤维织构,导致再结晶织构中高斯组分强度高,γ纤维织构强度低;润滑轧制时,钢板表层高斯织构组分强度降低,{100}〈011〉、γ纤维织构强度提高,退火后γ纤维织构强度提高。钢板中心受摩擦作用影响较小,轧制过程中发展为较强的α和γ纤维织构,退火后γ纤维织构成为主要织构组分。     

取向硅钢27Q110初次再结晶退火对组织和织构的影响

通过检测取向硅钢27Q110一次冷轧板再结晶温度退火试验后的硬度及显微组织,确定取向硅钢脱碳退火(初次再结晶)阶段最佳退火温度为850℃.对冷轧硅钢厂取向硅钢27Q110脱碳退火后显微组织和织构进行检测和分析.结果表明,取向硅钢27Q110脱碳最佳退火温度为850℃,且主要织构γ在{111}<112>处最强.     

21%Cr铁素体不锈钢成型性能和表面起皱研究

以21%Cr铁素体不锈钢为研究对象,研究了热轧退火及冷轧润滑对带钢中织构和晶粒簇的影响.结果表明:热轧退火再结晶不完全时,成品带钢中心处的晶粒簇明显,且带钢厚度方向上织构梯度很大,使得带钢在成型过程中表面起皱和各向异性明显;冷轧过程不进行润滑时,与采用冷轧润滑的成品带钢相比,带钢厚度方向上的织构梯度增加,γ纤维织构的强度降低,使得带钢的成型性能恶化;当热轧退火使带钢发生完全再结晶,并在冷轧过程中进行充分润滑时,则可使成品带钢同时获得较好的成型性能和抗表面起皱性能.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.