基于分布式协调模型的服务协作方法研究

由于服务是由彼此独立的提供商开发的,无法在开发阶段就预测到其潜在的所有交互可能,因此需要在实际协作时检查服务之间的兼容性,从而保障协作的正确性和一致性.提出了一种基于分布式协调模型的方法,以提高服务的可复用性和服务协作的灵活性.该方法通过失败等价(failure-equivalent)行为语义保持的投影规则,将协作流程转换为协作子流程,以实现分布式的成对兼容性检查,并提出基于适配的检查方法,检验服务是否可以通过适配机制满足兼容性的要求,同时给出了适配器自动生成的算法.适配机制的引入进一步降低了服务与协作环     

DANCE:一种面向云-端动态集成的服务适配方法

边缘计算可以通过将计算移到边缘设备上来提高大型物联网流数据处理质量以及降低网络运行成本.对于流数据处理,边缘设备通常只有有限的计算能力和存储能力,显然不能支持所有的实时流数据查询和处理.本文尝试引入服务并在边缘和云之间灵活地划分服务来实现云-端集成,云服务和端服务之间通过事件机制进行服务适配.物联网动态环境中,云-端服务的动态适配是使云基础设施和端设备间无缝集成的关键.动态集成背景下的服务适配需要把握适配时机来应对端服务适配请求的不确定性和非完全适配等难题.针对这一问题,论文提出了一种面向云-端动态集成的服务适配方法(Dynamic Adaption cloud Services with Edge Services,DANCE).这种方法的主要贡献在于:将云服务实例和端服务实例之间的适配问题建模为二分图顶点之间的动态匹配问题,同时结合排队论中的M/M/c/∞模型对二分图最优匹配Kuhn-Munkres算法进行了优化改进,保障适配过程中端服务实例的全局平均请求响应时间最小.最后,基于真实的电能质量监控案例和数据,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

异构网络管理系统间的动态协作体系结构

电信运营要求网络管理系统之间能够有效地实现动态协作。该文分析了网络管理系统间的异构性和紧耦合性对其进行动态协作产生的限制,利用Web Services技术和面向服务的思想,将网络管理系统的网络管理功能以管理服务的形式提供,提出了一个异构网络管理系统间动态协作体系结构,分析了体系结构中存在的层次关系及体系结构中各成员的交互过程。该体系结构有效地屏蔽了网络管理系统之间的异构性,具有较好的松耦合性和动态协作能力。     

CSCE:一个协同的服务组装支持环境

呈现了一个基于KPN(kahn process network)的服务协同组装支持环境(CSCE).KPN是一个基于数据流的协同计算模型,用于描述通过数据流进行通信的一系列协作过程.在CSCE协同组装环境中,KPN用于建模服务及服务之间的动态交互,为应用系统的组装提供可视化的用户接口.将KPN应用于服务组装,目的是减少服务组装的不可预见性,提高服务组装的成功率.介绍了基于KPN的服务组装基本思想,给出了CSCE的体系结构,详细描述了CSCE各协作部件的基本功能.     

Web服务组合行为一致性的形式化描述和分析

Web服务编排和Web服务编制从全局和局部分别定义了Web服务组合的全局交互行为和每个参与者的局部行为,为了保证Web服务组合实现的正确性,Web服务组合的全局交互行为和每个参与者的局部行为必须是一致的。首先利用进程代数给出了对Web服务组合的全局交互行为、局部行为以及二者之间的映射关系的形式化描述,在此基础上分别通过分析全局会话变迁和局部进程变迁的关系和进程互相似理论给出了Web服务组合全局交互行为和局部行为的一致性的两个形式化判定准则。同时通过案例说明了如何形式化地检测Web服务组合的全局交互行为和局部行为之间的一致性。结果显示提出的Web服务组合一致性形式化定义和检测方法能检测组合行为的一致性,从而能有效地保证Web服务组合的正确性。     

基于ESB的Web服务集成技术

企业服务总线ESB(Enterprise Service Bus)已成为分布式应用集成的关键技术.探讨了ESB的基本功能,提出了面向Web服务的ESB架构,它以SOAP引擎为核心,以应用适配器作为异构系统消息的统一转换接口,用传输适配器监听数据通信协议,实现消息通信,以服务适配器实现Web服务的查找、定位和执行.给出了基于ESB的政务信息资源交换平台解决方案,能适应电子政务资源异构、复杂与动态性,具有良好的可扩展性.     

基于CPi-calculus的网格服务行为研究

当前基于网格服务组合的编排方案（choreography proposals）只给出服务描述层面上的定义,没有提供任何推导方法来保证基于此编排方案的服务的一致性。如何验证组合服务行为的正确性和有效性是当前亟需解决的一个研究课题。形式化方法提供了行之有效的建模、推导和验证机制。本文给出网格服务组合基调,基于此基调分析了网格组合服务的动态交互行为特性,提出基于CPi-calculus（Conditional Pi-calculus）的网格组合服务的行为交互模型（IABM）,并给出组合服务交互行为的形式化描述,最后进行交互行为的模拟验证。该网格服务行为交互模型为今后网格服务的组合优化工作提供了代数推导依据。     

基于SOA的动态服务集成与调度网格模型

针对在动态分布的网格环境中实现服务组件的动态选择和集成问题,提出基于SOA动态服务集成与调度系统DISS。引入组态和动态重构思想,给出DISS实现框架和方法,使网格应用的组态可以动态调整,实现服务组件的动态绑定,对该系统进行建模和原型实现,为建立面向服务架构的网格应用提供新的设计思想和实现方法。     

基于变化的服务演化一致性判定

由于Web服务处在开放、动态、多变的网络环境下,为了有效响应用户需求、运行平台及外部环境的变化,服务必须具备演化的能力。演化后的服务应维持与原伙伴服务或服务用户之间的正常交互,这种性质称为演化一致性。由于Web环境的多样性,服务开发者对演化一致性的判定的标准并不统一。对于服务演化一致性判定问题,现有方法大多基于固定的判定标准,缺乏可调节、细粒度的定量分析且不能显式地反映服务版本之间的变化。针对上述不足,面向服务演化导致的变化,从服务的结构层和非功能层两个角度建立基于变化的服务描述模型,并在该模型的基础上引入演化一致度对演化一致性进行度量。基于所提出的方法,设计并实现了一个服务演化一致性判定工具,验证了所提出方法的可行性与有效性。     

一种面向服务的动态协同架构及其支撑平台

为了让面向服务的架构下的应用系统能够灵活地动态演化以适应底层因特网计算环境和用户需求的变化,该文提出了一种面向服务的动态协同架构．该架构引入内置的运行时体系结构对象来解耦系统中的各个服务构件,并通过该对象以体系结构的视角来重解释服务部件之间的引用和交互．这样就把体系结构这一抽象概念具体化为可直接操控的对象,从而可以利用面向对象程序设计语言的继承和多态等整套机制,导出一种面向体系结构的系统动态演化技术．为支持这一架构,设计并实现了一个支撑平台Artemis-ARC,为具有动态调整能力的面向服务应用系统的开发、运行和监控提供了一套可视化的集成环境．在此平台上还开发了一个简单的示例应用以展示动态调整的效果．     

Risk in agreement networks

The current trend towards dynamic and highly scalable service provisioning fosters the rise of Software as a Service (SaaS) platforms and manifests the need for dynamic composition of services. In order to enable the combination of services and hence, the collaboration between different service providers, technical challenges like the compatibility of interfaces have to be dealt with. Additionally, economic issues concerning profit, reliability and risk have to be taken into consideration. This work covers economic considerations from the viewpoint of a service intermediary that offers complex services to customers and purchases services from supplying providers. The intermediary has to decide, which SLAs to offer to consumers and which SLAs have to be established with supplying providers. The decision support for the intermediary that is presented throughout this paper is an adaptation of security portfolio optimization stemming from finance. It is based on monitoring data of SLAs that the intermediary had established in the past with consumers and with supplying providers. Finally, the decision support is exemplified in a case-study.     

基于JADE的企业商务智能服务代理平台

为解决电子商务平台在异构和分布环境下计算实体的协作和协调、快速有效的信息收集及平台的智能化等问题,提出基于移动Agent在JADE上的企业商务智能服务代理平台体系结构模型和实现方法,给出基于多移动Agent的商务服务竞标算法流程和服务实体的行为交互过程,结合实际的应用验证,表明该服务代理平台系统在实际应用中的可行性与有效性。     

一个基于服务层叠网的分层服务组合框架

随着Internet上Web服务数量的不断增长,这些服务能够互联形成一个应用层的逻辑网络--服务层叠网(service overlay network,简称SON).基于SON,通过服务的组合提供增值服务,是满足用户动态、多变的功能及非功能需求的一种有效的方法.但是,已有基于SON的QoS感知的服务组合研究主要是面向服务间具有简单交互行为的应用领域,难以支持电子商务等具有复杂业务协作特征的应用场景.为此,通过使用业务协议刻画服务间的组合关系,从而构建更具普适性的SON;建立主动服务层叠网(active service overlay network,简称ASON)以实现可编程的服务层叠网,支持按需的服务组合;提出了一个基于主动服务层叠网的分层服务组合框架(hierachical service composition framework based on service overlay networks,简称HOSS),通过将业务协议(而不是消息)作为需求描述的基本单元,提升软件开发效率,并将服务组合需求映射为SON的动态用户视图以实现按需的组合.     

Collaboration through computation: incorporating trust model into service-based software systems

The open and dynamic nature of service-based software systems necessitates spontaneous and trustworthy interactions between collaborating entities. Service providers are exposed to users spanned across multiple organizational domains, so can be exploited by potentially untrustworthy service requestors. Given that, service providers need to trust requestors before granting them with services. Trust encompasses a number of quality attributes (e.g., security, competence, honesty) and helps in dynamic decision making. In this paper, we present a trust-based service collaboration approach, facilitated by the analysis of service-based interactions between service providers and requestors, and recommendations between service providers. Service providers exchange recommendations to convey their trust on requestors. This collaboration is quantified using our proposed trust model, called CAT, a Context-Aware Trust model based on service-based interactions by considering services as contexts. We identify a number of collaboration-based trust properties including risk and context-awareness and incorporate them in CAT. A context-similarity parameter is introduced to decide on similar services. A time-based ageing parameter is proposed to decrease trust values over time without any further interactions. Direct and indirect recommendations from other service providers are included in total trust calculation, with a path-based ageing parameter applying over indirect recommendations. A mechanism to calculate the accuracy of recommendations is proposed to differentiate between reliable and unreliable recommendations. These calculation schemes are employed in a trust-based service collaboration algorithm to automatically decide on granting services to requestors. The approach is elaborated using examples from file sharing applications, and successfully evaluated by implementing a prototype service-based file sharing grid. This research is partially funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).     

协作态势驱动的自适应候选者协商维持模型

为提高云服务协作过程服务失效的替换成功率,提出一种云平台下协作态势驱动的自适应候选者协商维持模型,利用贝叶斯学习预测协商数据保留值,自适应提交协商议题,以维持与候选者的协商;通过对服务协作过程动态监测,动态优化服务候选集。实验结果表明,服务协商维持模型能适应协作过程变化,使服务协作具有良好的自适应性和健壮性。     

Semantic link‐based constructing of multi‐dimensional service resource space for collaboration

Automatic service collaboration calls for the development of semantically structured service resource space to maximize the utility of Web services. Semantic links contain rich semantic information that may indicate important relationships among services. We provided an effective method for constructing multi‐dimensional service resource space based on semantic links for service collaboration, in which similar and related semantic relationship between services are considered. We first clustered services with similar and related relations on the basis of a hierarchical structure respectively and then took advantage of the resource space model to construct multi‐dimensional service resource space. Finally, experimental results show the effectiveness of the method. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2012.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Sisl: Several Interfaces, Single Logic

Modern interactive services such as information and e-commerce services are becoming increasingly more flexible in the types of user interfaces they support. These interfaces incorporate automatic speech recognition and natural language understanding and include graphical user interfaces on the desktop and web-based interfaces using applets and HTML forms. To what extent can the user interface software be decoupled from the service logic software (the code that defines the essential function of a service)? Decoupling of user interface from service logic directly impacts the flexibility of services, or how easy they are to modify and extend. To explore these issues, we have developed Sisl, an architecture and domain-specific language for designing and implementing interactive services with multiple user interfaces. A key principle underlying Sisl is that all user interfaces to a service share the same service logic. Sisl provides a clean separation between the service logic and the software for a variety of interfaces, including Java applets, HTML pages, speech-based natural language dialogue, and telephone-based voice access. Sisl uses an event-based model of services that allows service providers to support interchangeable user interfaces (or add new ones) to a single consistent source of service logic and data. As part of a collaboration between research and development, Sisl is being used to prototype a new generation of call processing services for a Lucent Technologies switching product.