Effect of power source characteristic on CO2 short circuiting arc welding

Abstract

Some problems are reported concerning the observation of the weld pool and effects of the power source characteristic on arc stability in CO₂ short circuiting arc welding. First, the effect of a power source with a constant voltage characteristic on CO₂ short circuiting arc welding is investigated by analysing the behaviour of the voltage and the current. From the results of this analysis, the cause of spatter generation is identified. A new power source characteristic is then proposed to improve the stability and the self-regulation of the arc. By adjusting the power source characteristic, the metal transfer can be stabilised in the CO₂ short circuiting arc welding process, i.e. the present authors have developed a power source having a non-linear characteristic. Its performance is verified by carrying out experiments.     

激光增强GMAW熔滴短路过渡行为分析

高能量密度的激光照射熔滴,使熔滴局部产生强烈蒸发,利用蒸发反力驱动熔滴受迫短路,促进熔滴脱离焊丝.以低碳钢为研究对象,搭建激光增强GMAW短路过渡焊接试验系统,对比研究了激光增强GMAW短路过渡焊接过程中激光入射位置、电弧高度对熔滴短路过渡行为的影响规律.结果表明,在焊接过程中施加一定功率的激光对熔滴短路过渡行为有明显的改善作用,可以通过激光改变熔滴的受力状态,控制过渡熔滴的尺寸,熔滴短路时间减小,燃弧时间增加,增加过渡频率,提高了焊接过程中的稳定性,激光增强后,焊缝表面成形均匀饱满,焊缝成形良好.     

环保焊枪吸烟对小电流CO2气体保护电弧焊的影响

采用环保焊枪进行了小电流二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊平焊位置焊接,通过分析焊接过程中电弧形貌、电流电压和熔滴过渡方式变化以及焊缝成形、焊缝金属拉伸力学性能和X射线探伤结果,评估了吸烟功率变化时的吸烟效果以及吸烟行为对于焊接过程和焊缝质量的影响规律. 结果表明,使用环保焊枪可以显著降低小电流二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊时飘散在周围空间中的焊接烟尘. 吸烟过程虽然使得短路过渡熔滴频率略有增加,悬挂熔滴和电弧的稳定性略为变差,但对焊缝成形和焊接缺陷都无影响,焊缝金属屈服强度略有减小,抗拉强度略有增加.     

Research on short circuiting transfer mode of ultrasonic assisted GMAW method

Abstract

Ultrasonic assisted gas metal arc welding (U-GMAW) has been recently developed to improve the metal transfer characteristics. The ultrasonic wave is applied on the metal transfer process by means of an acoustic field. Welding electrical signal measurement and high speed camera are employed to study the differences of short circuiting metal transfer between conventional GMAW and U-GMAW. Compared with the conventional GMAW, the short circuit frequencies of U-GMAW are obviously increased under the same welding parameters. Moreover, the voltage range of the stable short circuiting transfer is enlarged, and the weld appearances become more uniform with the action of the ultrasonic wave. The high speed video images indicate that the U-GMAW arc is compressed and the electrical field intensity is increased. The decrease in the arc length is the main reason for the increase in the short circuit frequency.     

CO2半短路过渡焊电弧电压自寻优智能控制

针对细丝短路过渡焊,采用以实现最高短路过渡频率为目标的自寻优模糊控制,可以使电弧电压与唯一设定值焊接电流形成优化匹配获得最高短路过渡频率,达到稳定熔滴过渡、减少飞溅和改善成形的目的.但试验发现这一控制策略用于半短路过渡焊,则无论电流选多大,电弧电压常维持在20V左右,所焊焊缝熔宽窄,余高大,熔深浅.显然,对于半短路过渡焊的电弧电压仍采用以实现最高短路过渡频率为寻优目标的控制策略是不够全面的.针对这一情况,研制了一种以可编程控制器(PLC)为核心器件,通过自主开发软件自动实现对半短路过渡焊电弧电压寻优的智能控制.系统以实现较高短路频率和较长燃弧占空比为复合寻优目标,对电弧电压进行优选法和变步长法分段自寻优,寻优后的电弧电压与设定的焊接电流形成优化匹配,获得稳定的半短路过渡过程.     

超声-MIG焊接铝合金熔滴过渡行为

对铝合金超声-MIG焊接熔滴过渡行为做了系统研究。试验主要关注在超声作用下,铝合金焊接中熔滴过渡行为的变化。通过对熔滴过渡过程的观测和分析,结果表明,对于短路过渡形式,熔滴受到超声辐射力的阻碍作用,熔滴的体积增大,过渡频率降低,焊接电弧收缩,弧长缩短,挺度增加,亮度增大;在大滴过渡和射滴过渡时,熔滴过渡频率大幅增加,熔滴尺寸减小,这也是超声辐射力作用在熔滴上的影响造成的;而且超声作用后的熔滴形态发生复杂变化,焊接过程的不稳定性增大。     

智能化CO2焊机的自寻优控制器

基于熔滴过液过程性能的综合评判和一元化自寻优控制系统的程序协调模式,研究了智能化CO2焊机的一元化自寻优的模糊协调控制器。试验表明,该控制器及其自寻优协调模式能够反映CO2弧焊过程的本质,克服短路过渡频率或弧压等单指标作为寻优目标函数的不足,明显地改善焊接过程的综合性能。     

CO2气体保护焊短路过渡过程的闭环实时控制

为了减少CO2气体保护短路过渡焊的飞溅,本文提出了短路过渡过程的闭环实时控制思想并进行了试验研究。在熔滴与熔池发生短路及液体小桥爆断这两个最容产生飞溅的时刻,利用大功率电子关元件切换焊接回路外串电阻的方法及时降低焊接回路中的电流。在前一时刻维持较低电流至溶滴与熔池充分接触,在后一时刻维持较低电流至熔滴过渡完毕,该方法能有效地抑制由瞬时短路造成的大颗粒飞溅和由电爆炸产生的细颗粒飞溅,实现了CO2气体保护焊短路过渡过程的闭环实时控制。     

双丝间接电弧氩弧焊的熔滴过渡

采用氙灯背光高速摄像系统及示波器对双丝间接电弧氩气保护焊的熔滴过渡及其对应的电压、电流波形进行了研究.结果表明,双丝间接电弧氩弧焊焊接电流与电弧电压的不同匹配选择,熔滴具有短路过渡、大滴过渡、混合过渡、射滴过渡、射流过渡等不同过渡形式.随着焊接电流的增大熔滴尺寸减小,熔滴细化,随电弧电压的增大,熔滴尺寸减小.熔滴过渡形式与电压、电流的波形之间有很好的对应关系.     

Gas metal arc welding process monitoring and quality evaluation using neural networks

Abstract

To ensure product quality, it is essential to ensure process quality. Thus, early monitoring and detection of process disturbances in welding production lines are of great significance. The present paper introduces a neural network system for process monitoring and quality evaluation in gas metal arc welding. The system is based only on the measured and statistically processed data for welding voltage and short circuiting time. It is a self-organising feature map Kohonen network which can automatically recognise and classify process disturbances occurring during welding.     

压力对水下焊条局部干法焊接电弧稳定性的影响

在压力舱中进行不同压力下的水下焊条局部干法焊接试验,采用统计分析和快速傅立叶变换研究了压力对水下电弧稳定性的影响.结果表明,铁粉低氢钾型焊条焊接主要进行粗熔滴短路过渡,随着压力的增加,短路时间由常压焊接的5~7 ms增加到8~10 ms,表明熔滴的平均尺寸增大.压力环境下,焊条熔化速度增大,弧压反馈调节系统的工作点上移,电弧电压增大.傅里叶变换结果表明,常压电弧电压信号的主要特征频率低于10 Hz,压力下电压信号的频谱图中出现大量高于10 Hz的谱线,说明信号突变性更强,电弧稳定性降低.     

中值时间对脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡过程的影响

对脉冲MIG焊而言,由于熔滴过渡过程是一个多干扰、强耦合、复杂的非线性过程,因此,很难对其进行有效的控制.设计了一种新的工艺方法:中值波形控制策略,即在满足一脉一滴的过渡形式下,通过波形控制来保证熔滴的大小一致,可有效控制熔滴过渡过程,焊接效果较好.实验结果表明:当中值电流为一理想值时,中值时间太短,中值阶段所起的作用非常小,达不到所设计的要求;中值时间过长,易产生短路过渡;中值时间为一理想值,焊接质量良好.     

Voltage change in the GMAW process due to the influence of a droplet travelling in the arc

Abstract

Experimental measurements have been made to investigate the meaning of the fluctuation or noise of electrical signals for the gas metal arc welding process through globular to spray transfer mode, with particular attention being paid to the so-called 'drop spray' transition mode. The results reveal that the welding arc voltage is significantly affected by the molten droplet travelling in the arc. A sharp drop in arc voltage appears just after the detachment of the droplet, reaching its minimum quickly and then recovering, according to the location of the droplet in the arc. Although the full explanation of the feature requires further study, we believe that an important influence is the geometrical effect. The existence of the droplet in the arc path significantly affects the geometrical shape of the arc and arc attachment at the anode, and hence the overall voltage of the arc.     

波控CO2焊短路过渡过程的计算机仿真及试验

提高CO2焊工艺性能、减少飞溅的有效方法之一就是通过改进焊接电源设备，对电弧及熔滴过渡行为加以控制。本在确定了短路过渡的合理的瞬时电流特征的基础上，提出了CO2焊短过渡过程的AWP(Adapting welding physics process）波形控制思想，利用MATLAB的仿真工具建立了数字仿真模型，并得出仿真波形。建立了试验系统，将仿真结果与试验结果相比较，两的一致性很好，证明屯所建模型的合理性和实用性。     

Modelling of the GMAW system in free flight and short circuiting transfer

Abstract

An efficient model of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) systems was developed. The model accounts for the short circuiting transfer with free flight transfer, with finite droplet height included. Furthermore, we have analytically solved the energy equation of the wire, including the contact resistance between contact tip and wire as a boundary condition of the energy equation. The model predicts the time variable properties of GMAW systems from short circuiting to free flight transfer mode. Model prediction results have been compared with experimental results, and have shown good agreement.     

数字式逆变埋弧焊机IGBT短路保护的试验研究

为提高大功率数字埋弧焊机全桥逆变主电路中IGBT短路保护的准确性和焊机的可靠性,对其逆变主电路中IGBT的短路模式进行了分析,设计了一款IGBT驱动器。通过采用抗干扰的IGBT短路试验测试方案,准确、可靠的完成了IGBT短路保护测试。与Concept公司的2SC0106T驱动器短路保护测试结果对比后,结果表明,设计的IGBT驱动器短路保护功能良好,保护时间短,关断电压尖峰小,抗干扰能力强,有一定的工程应用价值。     

间隙对GMAW立焊熔滴过渡的影响及温度场特性

采用高速摄像采集系统对间隙存在及变化时GMAW摆动电弧立向上焊焊接过程中的熔滴过渡行为实时图像进行采集,分析了熔滴过渡行为对电弧质量和焊接过程的影响,结合电弧质量分析仪采集的焊接电流、电弧电压概率曲线图对试验结果加以验证和补充解释,最后通过有限元数值模拟技术对GMAW立向上焊接过程数值模型进行建立,并对瞬态焊接温度场进行验证和分析. 结果表明,随着间隙的出现及尺寸的增加(0 ~ 4 mm范围内),GMAW立向上焊熔滴过渡形式由短路过渡向特殊的滴状过渡发展,模拟结果说明GMAW立向上焊热影响区具有较大的温度梯度特性.     

Synthetically quantitative evaluation function of characteristic parameters on CO_2 arc welding process

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Spatter reduction in gas metal arc welding of stainless steel sheets using controlled bridge transfer process

Abstract

In non-pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW), spatter can be reduced by controlling the short circuit current to a low level just before the re-arcing. The controlled bridge transfer (CBT) process, which optimises the accuracy of predicting the re-arcing in real time in response to the metal transfer, realises stable, low spatter level. In this research, the methods for controlling short circuit transfers to minimise spatter and realise stable arcs in GMAW of stainless sheet using argon rich shielded gases are investigated. The new CBT process has been developed by applying the specific arc length estimation method that is not affected by abnormal rise in arc voltage. This process can suppress the spatter generation caused by a fluctuation in the vibratory motion of the weld pool or inaccurate prediction of the re-arcing in the succeeding short circuit/re-arcing cycle, and thereby spatter free GMAW in the short circuit transfer mode can be carried out even on stainless steels.     

激光对脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡的改善作用

采用脉冲熔化极惰性气体保护焊（MIG）的方法焊接304不锈钢,在试验中利用电信号采集系统和高速摄像进行同步采集,研究熔滴过渡情况. 结果表明,送丝速度调节适当时,可以实现一脉一滴的射滴过渡形式. 送丝速度偏大时,焊接过程中会夹杂部分瞬时短路过渡,短路时间小于1 ms,影响焊接过程的稳定性. 当采用激光-脉冲MIG复合焊时,对瞬时短路现象有改善作用. 在一定范围内,激光功率增加,瞬时短路过渡出现的次数减少,改善作用增强. 当激光功率达到一定阈值时可完全消除瞬时短路现象,实现一脉一滴的过渡形式,焊接过程稳定. 即激光的加入提升了焊接品质与焊接效率.