有机涂层在纤维增强聚合物基复合材料中的应用

介绍了不同涂层在纤维增强聚合物基复合材料中的应用和新近研究成果,其中包括偶联剂类(硅烷偶联剂、金属偶联剂)涂层和聚合物涂层(环氧树脂类和非环氧聚合物类),并综述了各种涂层方法(溶液浸渍法、界面原位聚合法、等离子体聚合法和电聚合法)的特点和应用研究进展。     

废弃玻璃钢的资源化研究进展

介绍了废弃玻璃钢的种类和来源,综述了国内外各种废弃玻璃钢的资源化研究进展,其中包括热解、水解、醇解、常压解聚,粉碎回收、能量回收、以及作为水泥原料、高炉炼铁还原剂使用等,探讨了我国在废弃玻璃钢资源化研究中存在的问题及对策,提出了今后我国废弃玻璃钢资源化研究的方向。     

单宁在高分子材料中的应用研究进展

综述了单宁制备酚醛树脂、聚氨酯材料、絮凝剂、凝胶材料及单宁改性高分子材料的研究进展。研究单宁的加工与利用技术,对于开发新型生物质基高分子材料,实现单宁的高值化利用,具有积极意义。     

超吸水材料的研究进展

超吸水材料具有吸水倍数高、保水能力强、外观柔软、内部呈多孔网状结构等优点,但存在对含电解质水溶液吸收能力有限的问题。本文首先分析了超吸水材料的吸附机理,在此基础上着重介绍了超吸水树脂、超吸水纤维、超吸水膜、超吸水织物基气凝胶吸水材料的制备原理与特点,其次概述了不同形式吸水材料对去离子水、盐水、合成尿、尿素的吸附机理差异,指出增加吸水材料的比表面积、亲水基团数量、分子量,适当的交联度和中和度,并结合高的渗透压、静电排斥力、额外添加无机粒子可提高吸液能力,随后简述了高分子气凝胶与纺织品相结合构筑超吸水织物在安全防护领域的应用情况,最后对超吸水材料的可增长点进行了展望,以期为提高超吸水材料对含电解质水溶液的吸收能力提供理论参考和技术支持。     

电纺纳米纤维增强聚合物复合材料的研究进展

与作为填料的普通纤维相比,通过静电纺丝所得纳米纤维(简称电纺纳米纤维)的长径比及比表面积较大,相对于基体材料具有较大的模量和韧性,对聚合物基体有较好的力学增强效果;电纺纳米纤维在复合材料中应力集中程度低、与聚合物基体间界面结合较好。加入电纺纳米纤维可以提高复合材料的性能,如拉伸及弯曲强度、模量,抗冲击性能等都有较大提高。电纺纳米纤维在聚合物基体中的分散及其与基体间的界面黏结等问题有待进一步研究和改善。     

Research progress of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites

玄武岩纤维的综合性能优异,是聚合物复合材料的理想增强体,在高强度、耐高温、耐酸碱腐蚀、耐烧蚀和耐摩擦等特殊领域展示了良好的应用前景。本文对玄武岩纤维聚合物基复合材料研究中的纤维与基体的界面改性、不同聚合物基体的复合材料以及玄武岩纤维与其它纤维的混杂三个方面进行了综述。目前对于玄武岩纤维界面性质的基础研究深度不足,有些复合材料的研究和制备方法还没有应用于玄武岩纤维上,使得玄武岩纤维复合材料的优势还没有得到充分的发挥。因此,应结合玄武岩纤维及其复合材料的特性,开发适用性强的和性价比好的产品,扩大应用范围。     

Milled fibre reinforced epoxy resin — an engineering polymer composite

A milled fibre reinforced epoxy resin composite (MFRE) has been developed for low temperature use. It is resistant to fracture at temperatures down to at least 77 K in direct contact with liquefied gases. It can be used as an adhesive, a gap-filling mastic or a moulding compound for difficult cryogenic applications. The characteristics of the material and some applications are described.     

Modification of reinforced polymer materials in a static magnetic field

Different magnetic treatments were investigated and recommendations were made concerning industrial application of magnetic treatment of fibres freshly impregnated with binders in fabrication of reinforced PCM to strengthen them significantly, as the most simple, economical, and efficient type of magnetic treatment. A correlation was found between the relative changes in the degree of orientation of the molecules of the oligomers and the strength properties of materials fabricated using a static magnetic field. It was found that the strengthening effect of the magnetic treatments has a complex structural and adhesive mechanism. Used in reinforcing fibres, where formation of hydrogen bonds with the binder is characteristic, the σ _b and α _im of the materials simultaneously increase as a result of the magnetic treatments, contradicting the classic theory of cross-linked polymers. The ratio of the relative changes in σ _b and α _im is a function of the reciprocal orientation of the reinforcing fibres and the lines of force of the external static magnetic field. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, p. 29–32, July – August, 1998.     

表面处理方法对植物纤维增强高分子基复合材料性能的影响评述

综述了植物纤维增强高分子基复合材料的发展与应用以及困扰其性能提高的主要问题。简述了几种典型的表面处理方法,如化学方法中的碱处理、界面偶联处理、接枝处理;物理方法中的热处理、蒸汽爆破处理、放电处理以及高能射线辐照处理等方法的优点及其各自存在的问题。对现有工艺方案中的一些共性问题进行了归纳总结,并对植物纤维表面处理的发展提出了建议。     

Comparison of models for notched strength of carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates

Abstract

A modified point stress criterion has been used for evaluating the tensile fracture strength of AS-4 carbon–984A1 epoxy [0/90]_4S and [0/±45/90]_2S composite laminates with various hole diameters and specimen widths. The results correlate well with the existing test results, and with those predicted from an effective crack growth model.     

固定化脲酶高分子载体材料的研究进展

脲酶是一种来源广泛的植物蛋白酶,能高效、专一地催化水解尿素产生CO2和NH3.综述了近年来天然高分子和合成高分子材料作为脲酶载体的研究现状,并对脲酶固定化载体材料的发展前景做出展望.     

Thermotropic liquid crystal polymer fabric reinforced polyimide composite materials

An aromatic copolyeste thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) fabric was used to reinforce a polyimide (PI) matrix to produce composites. The LCP/PI composite was made to eliminate directional difference in the mechanical properties of LCP by controlling the individual reinforcement fabric alignment in different directions without losing any mechanical properties. As a result, a transversely isotropic LCP composite material could be obtained from the highly anisotropic LCP fiber. Interfacial adhesion between the LCP and polyimide was greatly improved by a NH₃/H₂ plasma treatment on the LCP fabric, thereby the significantly improving mechanical properties of the composite. Moreover, inter‐laminar shear strength of the LCP/PI composite was further increased after heat treatment at 220°C for 1 hour. The LCP/polyimide composite retains stable mechanical properties up to 250°C.     

本征型导电自修复材料的研究进展

综述了本征型(可逆共价键、可逆非共价键自修复)导电自修复材料的最新研究进展,并对他们的修复机理和材料的制备方法进行了系统的阐述,最后简要的分析了导电自修复材料目前存在的主要问题并展望了其发展方向。     

Strengthening of thermally bonded fibre materials fabricated in spinning from polymer melts

The mechanism of strengthening of fibre materials fabricated by self-adhesive bonding during aerodynamic spinning was investigated. The effect of the structural indexes on the breaking strength of copolyamide, polypropylene, and polyamide fibre materials was assessed. A mixed mechanism of their failure was established. A correlation was found between the structural indexes and the technological parameters of aerodynamic spinning. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 39–44, September–October, 1998.     

新型碳纳米材料／聚合物吸波材料研究进展

传统的吸波材料由于密度大、吸收频带窄使其应用受到限制,新型吸波材料的探索和研究将成为吸波材料领域的主要发展方向。本文介绍了新型碳纳米材料（碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯）在聚合物吸波材料中的应用,展望了碳基吸波材料的发展前景。     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料研究进展

综述了碳纳米管的预处理方法,重点介绍了有关碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法,结构表征,特殊性能及应用等.     

高性能碳纤维及其复合材料的技术进步

高性能聚丙烯腈基碳纤维经过２５年的开发和技术进步，出现了高强中模和高强高模的系列产品，而高性能沥青基碳纤维经过１８年的研究开发，出现了超高模量、高导热性和氟化碳纤维等品种。本文重点介绍其新技术、成形用中间材料及高性能复合材料的新进展。     

含银高分子膜材料的应用及研究进展

随着高分子膜材料在水处理技术、医药、食品、农业和化工领域的广泛应用,利用不同方法改进高分子膜材料的抑菌性能、抗污染性能和水通量等,以延长高分子膜材料的使用寿命,已成为近几年研究的热点。介绍了含银高分子膜材料的主要应用。分别阐述了单质银和银离子对高分子膜材料改性的不同效果。主要讨论了相转化法、共混法、原位合成法、离子交换法和界面聚合法对含银高分子膜材料的改性方法,总结了不同改性方法对高分子膜材料改性后对其抑菌性能、抗污染性能及水通量的优化情况。通过引入银能够提高高分子膜材料的抑菌率,抑菌率最高可达100%。银的加入有效地提高了膜材料的抗污染性能,其对高分子膜材料的水通量也有一定的提高。