Advantageof anticlogging nozzles over conventional aluminographite nozzles in continuous casting of steel slabs

Abstract

The goal of this work was to establish the advantages of the application of anticlogging nozzles compared with conventional aluminographite nozzles in the continuous casting of steel slabs. Anticlogging nozzles are used in many steelmaking plants to inhibit scab formation at the internal side of the nozzle wall. The formation of aluminate-corundum scab decreases internal nozzle diameter, leading to the reduction of steel flow and eventual blocking of the nozzle. The results of monitoring the behaviour of a large number of conventional aluminographite and anticlogging nozzles in a campaign lasting two months are presented. The data reveal lower average values of internal erosion caused by the steel and reduced thicknesses of scab formed at the internal side of the anticlogging nozzle wall relative to conventional nozzles. At the same time, the average values of external erosion, caused by the action of ungranulated casting powders, were considerably increased relative to external erosion resulting from the action of granulated casting powder.     

低碳低硅钢中氧化物夹杂的控制

重庆钢铁股份有限公司新区炼钢厂结合低碳低硅钢的生产实践,为改善钢水可浇性、避免因中间包水口堵塞而停浇的事故发生,对转炉后搅、顶渣脱氧和RH碳脱氧工艺进行了优化。工艺改进后,转炉终点钢水w(O)降低了127×10-6,渣中w(FeO+MnO)<5%,钢水中铝的加入量减少了0.38～0.43 kg/t,有效降低了钢中氧化物夹杂含量,钢中w(T.O)控制在(14～25)×10-6内。生产实践表明:采用"BOF→RH→CC"工艺路线生产低碳低硅钢,提高了钢水洁净度、单中包连浇炉数达18炉。     

高碳钢盘条三次氧化铁皮机械剥离性能

 在电子万能试验机上通过压弯的方法研究了高碳钢盘条氧化铁皮的机械剥离性。采用不同工艺的冷却试验获得了不同特性的氧化铁皮试样,针对不同厚度和微观组织的氧化铁皮试样,经弯曲试验获得不同氧化铁皮的剥离尺寸。结果表明,氧化铁皮的剥离性与其厚度呈正相关关系,与FeO层和Fe3O4层的层厚比呈负相关关系。氧化铁皮的剥离过程受应力状态的影响,与拉应力相比,压应力的剥离效果更好。适当提高高温氧化温度,延长氧化时间;降低600 ℃以下冷却速度,提高Fe3O4的生成量,均可提高盘条氧化铁皮的机械剥离性。     

高碳钢盘条表面氧化铁皮剥离性能研究

摘要：在马弗炉和Gleeble 3800型热模拟试验机上对高碳钢H82BJ进行了不同条件的氧化试验,采用OM、SEM等手段对氧化铁皮厚度和结构进行表征,结果表明：高碳钢氧化铁皮一般呈FeO和Fe3O4两层结构,氧化铁皮厚度和FeO的比例随温度的升高而增加;并且,随着冷速的提高,氧化铁皮厚度和FeO中共析组织Fe3O4相的比例逐渐降低。通过调整实际生产中的温度和冷却速度,得到了适合机械剥壳的氧化铁皮厚度和结构。     

低碳钢中以氧化物为核心针状铁素体的形成

通过高温热扩散结合法系统地研究了在含CaO,CeO₂的低碳钢中晶内针状铁素体形核现象.实验结果表明：钢中针状铁素体的形核是由稳定的氧化物CaO,CeO₂质点非均匀形核引起的.在CaO,CeO₂氧化物周围存在明显应变区,它是晶内针状铁素体非均匀形核起支配作用的驱动力,可以在一个夹杂氧化物上多处形核,同时形成大量新的奥氏体/铁素体高能内界面,提供发生激发形核的表面效应.氧化物尺寸在0.1～0.6μm范围内对形成晶内针状铁素体效果最好.     

Recycling of steel plant mill scale via iron ore pelletisation process

Abstract

Mill scale is an iron oxide waste generated during steelmaking, casting and rolling. Total generation of mill scale at JSWSL is around 150 t/day and contains 60–70%FeO and 30–35%Fe₂O₃. To recover the iron, the mill scale must be smelted in a blast furnace or other reduction furnace; however, it is usually too fine to use without previous agglomeration such as via pellet or sinter mix. JSWSL operates a 4·2 Mtpa pellet plant to produce pellets for Corex and BF ironmaking units. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of mill scale on pellet properties. Detailed laboratory basket trials were conducted using up to 40% of mill scale in the pellet mix. The addition of mill scale up to 10% is considered to provide the optimum balance of chemical, physical and metallurgical properties of the pellet.     

Water model study on inclusion removal from liquid steel by bubble flotation under turbulent conditions

Abstract

Inclusion removal from liquid steel by bubble flotation under turbulent conditions is analysed using a water model. Turbulence is realised by impeller stirring in a water containing vessel. First, the effects of variables such as filter pore size, gas flowrate, NaCl concentration, and stirring intensity on bubble size are investigated. Second, particle removal by bubble flotation is studied using the water containing vessel system. The results indicate that particle removal rate by bubble flotation is controlled by non-first order kinetics. The factors affecting the particle removal rate constant k ₁ are discussed and a final empirical equation is derived as follows: -dc/dt = k ₁ c^1·3665 and k ₁ = A(d _p/d _B)^2·65?0·104 Q _g^1·630, where c is particle number density, t is time, A is a constant parameter, d _p and d _B are the particle and bubble diameter respectively, ? is the turbulent energy dissipation rate, and Q _g is the gas flowrate.     

低碳微合金钢晶界铁素体三维形态及形成机理

为了更好地研究低碳微合金钢晶界铁素体的三维形态及形成机理,利用配有电子背散射衍射(EBSD)的聚焦离子束场发射扫描电子显微镜构建了低碳微合金钢不同析出位置的晶界铁素体三维形貌,通过高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察技术计算了晶界铁素体在试验条件下的生长速率,最后利用Matlab建立了试样钢成分下不同温度下溶质元素的扩散模型,...     

Weld nugget formation and mechanical properties of three-sheet resistance spot welded low carbon steel

Abstract

In this paper, weld nugget formation and mechanical properties of 1·25/1·25/1·25 mm three-sheet low carbon steel resistance spot welds are investigated. Heat conduction from sheet/sheet interfaces (i.e. places with higher electrical resistance) to the geometrical centre of the joint and heat dissipation via water cooled electrodes play an important role in weld nugget growth of three-sheet resistance spot welding. It was shown that the fusion zone size along the sheet/sheet interface was greater than that of along geometrical centre of the joint leading to high tendency to interfacial failure. Fusion zone size at the sheet/sheet interface proved to be the most important controlling factor of mechanical performance of three-sheet spot weld in terms of peak load and energy absorption.

Dans cet article, on examine la formation du noyau de soudure et les propriétés mécaniques de trois tôles d’acier de 1·25–1·25–1·25 mm à faible teneur en carbone, soudées par points par résistance. La conduction de chaleur des interfaces tôle - tôle (c’est-à-dire les endroits ayant une résistance électrique plus élevée) vers le centre géométrique du joint et la dissipation de chaleur par l’intermédiaire d’électrodes refroidies à l’eau jouent un rôle important dans la croissance du noyau de soudure du soudage à trois tôles par points par résistance. On a montré que la taille de la zone de fusion au long de l’interface tôle - tôle était plus grande que la taille de la zone de fusion au long du centre géométrique du joint, donnant naissance à une tendance élevée à la défaillance interfaciale. Il s’est avéré que la taille de la zone de fusion à l’interface tôle - tôle était le facteur de contrôle le plus important du rendement mécanique de la soudure par points à trois tôles en ce qui a trait à la charge de pointe et à l’absorption d’énergie.     

轧制工艺对高强耐候钢表面氧化铁皮的影响

某钢铁企业开发铁道用高强耐候钢Q550NH,生产中存在的主要问题为钢卷表面存在大面积红锈状氧化铁皮及柳叶状氧化铁皮压入缺陷.通过采取调整在炉时间、除鳞道次、粗轧出口温度、热卷箱模式等轧制工艺参数,研究了高强耐候钢表面氧化铁皮解决方法.通过提高粗轧出口温度,红锈状氧化铁皮消失;控制粗轧出口温度,缩短在炉时间,增加除鳞道次...     

CSP流程低碳铝镇静钢钙处理优化试验研究

为改善武钢CSP生产低碳铝镇静钢时钢水的可浇性,提高钢水洁净度,通过工业试验考察了不同钙处理条件下钢液成分及夹杂物变化情况,并结合热力学对钙处理效果进行了分析。试验结果表明,钙处理后,夹杂物主要为CaS含量较高的球状CaS-Al2O3-CaO复合夹杂,随着时间的延长,中包钢水中夹杂物转变为液态Al2O3-CaO夹杂和CaS含量较少的CaS-Al2O3-CaO复合夹杂。热力学分析表明,Al2O3夹杂物变性所需的Ca含量较低,钢中Al、S含量对液态夹杂生成有着重要影响;为较好的实现钙处理对夹杂物变性,应同时对钢中Ca、Al、S含量进行控制;且钙处理应保证中包钢水夹杂物为液态夹杂。     

热轧带钢氧化铁皮拉伸开裂行为

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能拉力试验机,研究了Q235-A带钢氧化铁皮的组织、结构及其开裂行为.结果表明,氧化铁皮的成分主要为Fe₃O₄、Fe₂O₃和Fe,含有少量的FeO,氧化层厚度比较均匀,约为10 μm,结构致密且与基体结合较好.拉伸实验表明,随着应变的增加,裂纹条数增加呈先慢,后快,再慢的规律.应变达到0.05%时氧化铁皮开始出现裂纹,当应变在0.08%~0.10%范围内裂纹条数随应变增加非常明显,当应变超过0.10%时裂纹条数增加缓慢,应变超过0.15%时裂纹条数几乎不再增加.     

Influence of process parameters on scale reduction with H2

Abstract

A new pickling method that reduces the metal oxide on steel strip using H₂ has been studied through an extensive campaign of experimental tests. The process, referred to as 'acid free pickling', is environmentally friendly and does not use acid. It is most suitable for application to hot rolled low carbon steel strip. Experimental studies are in progress to validate the application of hydrogen on different metals.     

用氧化镁坩埚真空熔炼优质低碳低氧钢

为了降低氧化钙坩锅冶炼优质低碳低氧钢的生产成本,在50kg真空感应炉上开展氧化镁坩埚替代氧化钙坩锅冶炼优质低碳低氧钢的工艺试验。试验结果表明:随炉加入5g底碳可以用于钢液脱氧,不会造成钢液增碳;利用SiO挥发脱氧的特点,在真空度1Pa时,加入硅铁,抽气10min,成功用氧化镁坩埚冶炼出w(C)为9×10-6～14×10-6、w(O)为14×10-6～18×10-6的优质低碳低氧钢。     

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on martensitic lath refinement and nano-twins formation of low carbon bearing steel

The effect of heat treatment and deep cryogenic treatment on microstructural evolution of low carbon martensitic bearing steel was investigated.The experimental results showed that the lath martensite was obtained by quenching and a few twins as substructures formed in some martensitic laths.The rudiment of sub-interfaces of martensitic lath was formed in the highdensity dislocation regions after deep cryogenic treatment;meanwhile,the number of twins increased,especially in the highdensity dislocation regions.This phenomenon is due to the increase in internal stress caused by cryogenic treatment.After tempering,the rudiment of sub-interface further evolved into the martensitic lath boundary,and thus the original martensitic laths were refined.The twins formed by cryogenic treatment did not disappear after tempering.In addition,small quantities of annealing twins formed in tempering process.Martensitic laths morphology and substructures in different stages of the heat and deep cryogenic treatment were observed by tninsmission electron microscopy.     

硅钢高温氧化铁皮的显微结构表征

利用电子探针面分析、状态分析及电子背散射衍射相分析技术研究硅钢高温氧化铁皮的显微结构。电子探针面分析可以直观的看出元素的分布状态,初步判断氧化铁皮的结构,而状态分析可以准确表征常规氧化铁皮中铁元素的状态,对于合金元素富集区域则通过电子背散射衍射相分析技术来标定。结果表明,高温氧化铁皮的结构主要有4层,即最外层为厚度约为10 μm的Fe₂O₃相,次外层为Fe₃O₄相,中间层为FeO相上分布有颗粒状的Fe₃O₄相,最内层为FeO相和Si元素富集的Fe₂SiO₄相。其中Fe₂SiO₄层的分布特征与加热温度密切相关:1 100 ℃时,Fe₂SiO₄相呈颗粒状,弥散分布在FeO层;1 200 ℃时,Fe₂SiO₄相呈液态,侵入基体和疏松的FeO层,且沿着FeO晶界呈网状分布。     

低碳钢中伪珠光体分析

 利用光学显微镜检测了抗拉强度超过标准上限的低碳钢的金相组织,试样中伪珠光体体积分数达到50%以上,明显高于正常组织中的珠光体体积分数,因此具有显著的珠光体强化效果;并且伪珠光体存在明显的退化现象。对比分析生产工艺后认为,层流冷却过程中对先共析铁素体析出的抑制以及终冷温度低于空冷的[Ar1]是产生这种退化显著的伪珠光体组织的必要条件。结合生产实践分析了影响先共析铁素体析出的因素。     

武钢低碳钢折皱原因分析

2008年底以来,武钢低碳钢(主要指Q235B薄材)出现大量折皱缺陷。通过调查分析现场生产数据及多轮试验数据,发现带钢钢质偏软以及板型不良是造成折皱的主要原因,通过提高C、Mn含量以及采用微边浪轧制可以减少折皱缺陷的发生几率。