Capillary filling process during ultrasonically brazing of aluminium matrix composites

Abstract

Alumina borate whisker reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites were ultrasonically brazed in air. The liquid filler metal (FM) of a Zn–Al eutectic alloy could get into the clearance between composite couples by the action of ultrasonic capillarity. The velocity of the FM getting into the clearance decreases with increasing clearance width. The time exhausted to remove completely the oxide film on the surface increases with increasing clearance width. The oxide film could be removed completely and the metallurgical bonding formed under the action of ultrasonic vibration for sufficient time. The shear strength of the bond could reach up to 145 MPa (the nominal strength of the Zn–Al filler alloy).     

Microstructure and strength of a squeeze cast aluminium piston alloy composite reinforced with alumina short fibre using Al2O3 binder

Abstract

Alumina short fibre preforms were fabricated using an Al₂O₃ binder and infiltrated with aluminium piston alloy melt by squeeze casting. Al₂O₃ binder is thermodynamically more stable than the conventional SiO₂ binder and reduces the fibre/matrix interfacial reaction. The effects of fibre volume fraction, temperature and heat treatment on the yield strength and tensile strength of the composite were investigated. The Al₂O₃ binder provided a satisfactory interfacial bond between the fibre and the matrix without any interfacial reaction or fibre damage. Aging behaviour was not changed by reinforcement. At every temperature, the composites showed the highest strength with a fibre volume fraction of 18%. The strength of the composite was improved by T6 heat treatment. Examination of the fracture surfaces and calculation of the tensile strength using the rule of mixtures indicated that the 18% fibre reinforced composite had a strong interfacial bond even at high temperatures.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of horizontal continuous cast pipe of CuZn40Al1 alloy

Abstract

Homogeneity in the metallurgical characteristics and mechanical properties of horizontal continuous cast products is vital for industrial application. In the present work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a horizontal continuous cast two phase brass pipe have been studied. Tensile behaviour, impact strength and hardness variations were studied and the phase composition, porosity and nature of precipitates examined. Distinct differences in properties were observed between the upper and lower parts of the pipe, which are explained in terms of the morphology and size of the α phase in the microstructure.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Fe-V-Si/SiCp composites

The characteristics of microstructures and mechanical properties of the multi-layer spray deposited SiCp/A1-6.SFe-0.6V-1.3Si, SiCp/A1-8.SFe-1.3V-1.7Si and SiCp/Al-10Fe-1.3V-2Si composite sheets obtained by rolling after extruding were investigated. The evolution of the grain and phases of these composites during processing were examined, and the influence of the microstructures on the mechanical properties was analyzed. The experimental results show that the ultimate tensile strengths σb of the three kinds of composite sheets are 420, 535, 470 MPa respectively at room temperature, and 232, 285, 300 MPa at 315℃ and 148, 180, 200 MPa at 400 ℃. The excellent mechanical properties can be attributed to the high solid solubility, fine grain size, Al12（Fe,V）3Si precipitation particles and the SiC particles. And the composition of the matrix alloy has an obvious effect on the mechanical properties of the as-rolled sheets.     

废弃玻璃／铝基复合材料的组织和性能

利用搅拌熔铸法将废弃玻璃颗粒加入到熔融的基体合金ZL105中,制备出了废弃玻璃／铝基复合材料,研究了复合材料的微观组织,力学性能及断裂机理,结果表明,玻璃颗粒较均匀地分布于基体中,与基体发生界面反应;与基体合金相比,废弃玻璃颗粒的加入提高了复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度,在低载荷下,复合材料的摩擦性能优于基体合金,由于玻璃颗粒形状较尖锐,尺寸大小不均,并存在加工缺陷,有碍于大幅度提高复合材料的性能。     

Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion properties of electron-beam-melted and plasma-transferred arc-welded WC_P/NiBSi metal matrix composites

As one of the new additive manufacturing processes,electron beam melting(EBM)has seen its promising potential in the fabrication of metal matrix composites(MMCs)components with complex geometries.In this work,WC_P/NiBSi MMCs were fabricated by EBM and plasma-transferred arc welding(PTAW)for a comparative study.The microstructures of both samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with an electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)detector.The macrohardness was tested using a Rockwell hardness method(Type C),while the microhardness was measured using different loadings(0.5-1.0 N)based on different phases.The anti-abrasion performance was tested as per the ASTM G105 standard.The corrosion behavior of the MMCs was also assessed by potentiodynamic polarization.The results indicate that the EBM bulk and the PTAW cladding MMCs exhibit different microstructures due to the different local solidification conditions.This is believed to lead to the varied mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the MMCs,and the possible mechanisms were also discussed.     

Microstructure and damping behavior of SiCp/Gr/2024Al metal matrix composites by squeeze casting technology

SiCp/Gr/2024Al metal matrix composites were processed by squeeze casting technology. The microstructure of composites was observed by SEM and TEM, and the effects of graphite particulates and SiC particulates on the damping behaviors of composites were also investigated. The results show that the microstructure of composites was dense and homogeneous, without any interfacial reactivity among reinforcement/matrix interfaces. Compared with the damping capacity of 2024Al, the damping capacity of composites was enhanced significantly by addition of SiC or graphite particulates. The main damping mechanisms of SiCo/Al composites were ascribed to the dislocation damping, and those of SiCo/Gr/2024Al were attributed to the intrinsic damping and interface damping.     

Microstructures and tensile properties of hot-extruded composite Bi203-coated ABOw/Al composite

A pure aluminum matrix composite reinforced by Bi2O3-coated aluminum.borate whisker was fabricated by a squeeze casting method. The mass ratio of Bi2O3 to whisker is 1：3O. The interracial reaction between Bi2O3 coating and aluminum takes place during casting process. Deformation behavior and formability of ABOw reinforced aluminum （ABOw/Al） composites with and without Bi2O3 coating were investigated by the extrusion deformation at 400℃ The results show that the steady-state extrusion load and the probability of whisker fracture of extruded ABOw/Al composite with Bi2O3 coating are lower than those of extruded ABOw/Al composite, and its surface quality is better than that of extruded ABOw/Al composite. Evaluation of the tensile properties shows that the extruded ABOw/Al composite with Bi2O3 coating have the ultimate tensile strength and yield strengths with 0.2% superior to those of ABOw/Al composite.     

原位反应热压SiCp/MoSi2复合材料的组织与性能

以Mo粉、Si粉和C粉为原料,采用原位反应热压一次复合工艺制备不同含量SiC颗粒增强的SiCp/MoSi2试样,并研究其室温抗弯强度、断裂韧性、相对密度以及显微组织。结果表明,原位反应热压一次复合工艺制备的SiCp/MoSi2复合材料的强韧性比纯MoSi2有了大幅度的提高,当SiC含量为40vol%时,SiCp/MoSi2复合材料的抗弯强度达到最大,为475.2MPa,当SiC含量为50vol%时,复合材料的断裂韧性达到最大,为5.45MPa.m1/2。原位形成的SiC使MoSi2基体晶粒得到明显细化,并减少和消除了脆性的SiO2玻璃相。SiCp/MoSi2复合材料强韧性的提高主要是由于晶粒细化、SiC颗粒弥散强化以及脆性SiO2玻璃相的减少和消除。     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of in situ TiC/Ti metal matrix composites

In situ TiC particle reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) were successfully fabricated by reactive sintering of Ti + Mo₂C and Ti + VC compacts. The results of the tensile tests at ambient and elevated temperatures show that the strength of the composites increases with increasing additive content (Mo₂C and VC), and decreases with increasing temperatures. Comparing the two types of TMCs, the Ti + VC composites have a lower strength than the Ti + Mo₂C composites, but can more effectively retain the strength to elevated temperatures. Microstructural analyses show that the main strengthening mechanisms of the TMCs are solid solution, grain refinement and particulate strengthening. Different dominant strengthening mechanisms in different composites are responsible for the variations of the mechanical properties. At elevated temperatures, the volume fraction of TiC particles is the main factor for increasing the strength.     

Load transfer mechanism and mechanical properties of SiCw/Al metal matrix composites

The load transfer mechanism and mechanical properties of SiC whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composites were investigated. A generalized shear-lag model was proposed to analyze the effects of the aspect ratio, misorientation angle and volume fraction of SiC whisker on the mechanical properties of SiCw/Al composites. A new concept on effective aspect ratio was suggested, combining the effects of aspect ratio and alignment of whiskers, to calculate the effective stress acting on the aluminum matrix in SiCw/Al composites. The magnitude and anisotropy of the yield strength of the SiCw/2124Al composite can be estimated more accurately by substituting the average aspect ratio with the effective aspect ratio based on the generalized shear-lag model. The SiCw/2124Al composite with the largest effective aspect ratio showed the lowest minimum creep rate which decreased with increasing effective aspect ratio of SiC whisker, but were found to be almost similar under the same effective stress acting on the Al matrix. It is suggested that the role of SiC whisker is to improve the mechanical properties by reducing the effective stress acting on the Al matrix in the SiCw/Al metal matrix composite. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “The 1^st KIM-JIM Joint Symposium: High Strength Ratio Aluminum Alloys”, held at Inha University, Inchon, Korea, October 22. 1999 under the auspices of The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and The Japanese Institute of Metals.     

A study of mechanical properties and fractography of ZA-27/titanium-dioxide metal matrix composites

This paper reports an investigation of the mechanical properties and the fracture mechanism of ZA-27 alloy composites containing titanium-dioxide (TiO₂) particles 30–50 μm in size and in contents ranging from 0–6 wt.% in steps of 2 wt.%. The composites were fabricated by the compocasting technique. The results of the study revealed improvements in mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of the composites, but at the cost of ductility. The fracture behavior of the composites was influenced significantly by the presence of titanium dioxide particles. Crack propagation through the matrix and the reinforcing particles resulted in the final fracture. Scanning electron micrscopy (SEM) analyses were carried out to furnish suitable explanations for the observed phenomena.     

(SiC+B4C)p/AZ91D复合材料的组织及性能

采用微波烧结制备了(SiC+B4C)p/AZ91D复合材料,研究了不同体积分数(SiC+B4C)p(0%、5%、10%、15%、20 vol%)对复合材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明:(SiC+B4C)p/AZ91D复合材料的组织主要由α-Mg、SiC、B4C、Mg17Al12和少量MgO等组成。随着(SiC+B4C)p含量的增加,(SiC+B4C)p/AZ91D复合材料的相对密度减小,显微硬度增加,而抗压强度先增后降,当(SiC+B4C)p含量为15%时达到最大值。15%(SiC+B4C)p/AZ91D复合材料的显微硬度和抗压强度分别达到196.16 HV0.025和326.3 MPa,相对于未添加(SiC+B4C)p的AZ91D材料分别提高了145%和120%。随着(SiC+B4C)p含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性先提高后降低,磨痕由清晰的犁沟形貌逐渐模糊,磨损机制由磨粒磨损转变为剥层磨损。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composites with addition of bamboo leaf ash by stir casting method

Al-4.5%Cu alloy was used as a matrix at 2%, 4% and 6% of bamboo leaf ash (BLA) which was extruded from agro waste and was used as reinforcement. The composite which was fabricated by stir casting method possessed superior properties due to an effective bonding between matrix and reinforcement particles. The fabricated composite specimens were subjected to various tests to determine the mechanical properties such as density, porosity, hardness and tensile strength. The results were compared with basic matrix alloy. Furthermore, the OM, SEM with EDAX and XRD analyses were carried out to analyze the dispersion of the reinforced particles in the selected matrix alloy. It was observed that the homogeneous distribution of BLA particles in composites was intragranular in nature. Moreover, it was also observed that BLA particles were well bonded with matrix alloy with clear interface. It was also found that the density decreased with increase in mass fraction of BLA particles and porosity increased with increase in mass fraction of BLA particles. The hardness and tensile strength were increased up to 4% of BLA in the composite, with a further increase in BLA content the hardness and tensile strength decreased.     

TiB2含量和烧结温度对B4C/Al2O3基复合陶瓷的影响

利用原位反应热压工艺制备了B4C/Al2O3基复合陶瓷,研究了TiB2含量和烧结温度对B4C/Al2O3基复合陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明,当TiB2含量低于8.7％时,随原位反应生成的TiB2含量的增加,有效的促进了B4C/Al2O3/TiB2复合陶瓷的烧结,提高相对密度,改善了力学性能.当烧结温度低于1900℃时,其力学性能随烧结温度增加而提高;当超过1900℃时,其力学性能随烧结温度的提高而降低.在1900℃,60 min时,B4C/Al2O3/TiB2复合陶瓷获得最佳综合力学性能,其硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为24.8 GPa、4.82 MPa·m1/2和445.2 MPa.     

(Grp+SiCp)/AZ91镁基复合材料的力学及耐磨性能研究

本文采用半固态搅拌技术制备出了5μm10vol%Grp/AZ91、(5μm5vol%Grp+5μm5vol%SiCp)/AZ91和 (5μm5vol%Grp+10μm5vol%SiCp)/AZ91共3种镁基复合材料,并对其在300℃,0.05mm/s的条件下进行了热挤压,研究了SiCp对挤压态复合材料的显微组织、力学性能和耐磨性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,与Grp/AZ91相比,SiCp的引入导致基体晶粒尺寸增大,引起石墨颗粒碎化;随着SiCp尺寸增加,晶粒尺寸增大,石墨碎化现象更为显著。SiCp的加入提高了Grp/AZ91复合材料的抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度,随着SiCp尺寸增加,力学性能进一步提升。SiCp的引入降低了Grp/AZ91复合材料的磨损率,同时摩擦系数上升,随着SiCp尺寸增加,磨损率进一步下降,摩擦系数进一步上升,磨损机制由剥层磨损转变为磨粒磨损。     

球磨工艺对Mg2B2O5w/6061Al基复合材料微观组织演变及力学性能的影响

采用粉末热挤压法制备了硼酸镁晶须增强铝基复合材料,对球磨工艺参数、粉末特性及热挤压态复合材料间的相互关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,在球磨过程中,增强体晶须的添加促进了基体合金的变形,加快了铝粉颗粒的焊合与断裂过程的发生。在球磨过程中,经过适当时间的高速球磨后,铝合金基体晶粒尺寸减小,增强体晶须在基体中的分布得到显著改善,从而使热挤压态复合材料力学性能得到大幅度的提高。     

原位反应生成TiB2对B4C/TiB2复合陶瓷力学性能和结构的影响

研究了原位反应生成TiB2对B4 C/TiB2复合陶瓷维氏硬度、断裂韧度、抗弯强度和微观结构的影响.结果表明,适量TiB2的生成可以抑制B4C/TiB2复合陶瓷晶粒的长大,可使材料获得均匀致密的显微组织结构;而且原位反应的发生促使B4C/TiB2复合陶瓷断裂机制由穿晶断裂为主转变为穿晶与沿晶结合的断裂机制.B4C和TiB2晶粒尺寸都随着原位生成TiB2含量的增加而降低.B4C/TiB2复合陶瓷的抗弯强度随晶粒增大而降低,其断裂韧度随晶粒尺寸的变化关系较为复杂,这种变化关系主要与断裂韧度对裂纹扩展路径长度的依赖性有关,本文利用裂纹扩展阻力(R)曲线的斜率解释了这种变化.     

Nb-Cr掺杂原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的组织与性能

采用原位热压工艺,在Ti-Al-TiO2-Nb2O5体系中加入Cr2O3原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助X射线衍射分析、SEM分析及力学性能分析,研究了Nb-Cr掺杂复合强化Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的反应过程、微观结构及力学性能.结果表明Nb-Cr掺杂原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料能够细化晶粒并通过微合金化增强增韧TiAl复合材料.     

Mechanical properties and fracture of Al–15 vol.-%B4C based metal matrix composites

The present work was performed on three aluminium metal matrix composites (MMCs) containing 15 vol.-%B₄C particles. The matrix in two of these materials is pure aluminium, whereas the matrix of the third material was an experimental 6063 aluminium alloy. All composites were homogenised at elevated temperatures for 48 h before being quenched in warm water. The quenched samples were aged in the range of 25–400°C for 10 h, at each temperature. Hardness and tensile tests performed on the aged MMCs show that the presence of Zr (with or without Ti) resulted in a noticeable hardening due to the precipitation of a Zr rich phase. Maximum strengthening was obtained from the 6063 based MMC due to the precipitation of Mg₂Si phase particles. The present technique used to produce the MMCs examined proved capable of manufacturing composites with a uniform distribution of B₄C in the matrix with a strong degree of matrix/particle bonding. When the MMC samples were deformed to failure, the B₄C was fractured transgranularly without debonding from the matrix. The addition of Zr and Ti resulted in the formation of protective layers around the B₄C particles that were retained after fracture; these protective layers were not affected by the B₄C particle size (0·15–20 μm). Stacking faults were commonly observed in fractured Al 6063/B₄C/15p samples. The precipitation of zirconium–titanium compounds during aging contributed to the composite strength.