铜中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织与性能

利用真空扩散焊方法制备了铜中间层钛-钢焊接接头,并采用OM、SEM、EDS、显微硬度和拉伸试验方法,研究了铜中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织和性能。结果表明,Fe、Ti原子在界面处发生了互扩散,钛侧形成α-βTi+αTi或βTi+α-βTi+αTi组织,钢侧发生脱碳并形成柱状晶组织;拉伸强度随扩散温度升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,950℃、30 min扩散试样拉伸强度最高,达到262 MPa;拉伸断口具有塑性断裂区与脆性断裂区特征,并在断口上检测出TiC相。     

铁中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织与性能

利用真空扩散焊方法制备了铁中间层钛-钢扩散焊接头,并采用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度和拉伸试验方法,研究了铁中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织和性能。结果表明,在900～1050℃、30 min扩散条件下,Fe、Ti原子在界面处发生了互扩散;钛侧形成βTi+α-βTi+αTi组织,钢侧发生脱碳,铁中间层形成柱状晶组织;拉伸强度随扩散温度升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,900℃、30 min扩散试样拉伸强度最高,达到260 MPa;拉伸断口具有粗糙断裂区、脆性断裂区及二次断裂区特征,并在断口上检测出TiC、FeTi和Fe2Ti相。     

钒/镍复合中间层扩散焊接钨与钢的界面结构及力学性能

通过添加钒/镍复合中间层,在1 050℃/10 MPa/1 h的工艺条件下,对钨/钢异种材料进行真空扩散焊接.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、电子探针(EPMA)、纳米压痕、X射线衍射对接头的微观组织、元素分布及显微硬度进行分析和测试;对焊接接头的拉伸性能进行测试,并对拉伸断口的形貌特征,元素分布及物相组成进行分析.结果表明,采用钒/镍复合层可实现钨与钢的可靠焊接;钨/钢焊接接头界面区由钨-钒固溶体层、未反应的钒层、钒-镍界面层、未反应的镍层、镍-铁固溶体层五部分组成,其中钒-镍界面层结构为碳化钒层/钒-镍金属间化合物和碳化钒混合层/钒-镍金属间化合物层;钒/镍界面由于硬脆碳化物与金属间化合物的产生,具有最高的显微硬度,硬度高达9.7 GPa;接头强度达164 MPa,断裂点位于含脆性相碳化钒及钒-镍金属间化合物的钒/镍界面.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joints between titanium and stainless steel with copper interlayer

Abstract

The solid state joining of titanium to stainless steel with copper interlayer was carried out in the temperature range of 850–950°C for 7·2 ks in vacuum. The interface microstructures and reaction products of the transition joints were investigated with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The elemental concentration of reaction products at the diffusion interfaces was evaluated by electron probe microanalysis. The occurrence of difference in intermetallics at both interfaces (SS/Cu and Cu/Ti) such as CuTi₂, CuTi, Cu₄Ti₃, χ, FeTi, Fe₂Ti, Cr₂Ti, α-Fe, α-Ti, β-Ti, T₂(Ti₄₀Cu_60?xFe_x; 5<x<17), T₄(Ti₃₇Cu_63?xFe_x; 5<x<7) and T₅(Ti₄₅Cu_55?xFe_x; 4<x<5) has been predicted from the ternary phase diagrams of Fe–Cu–Ti and Fe–Cr–Ti. These reaction products were detected by X-ray diffraction technique. The maximum tensile strength of ～91% of Ti strength and shear strength of ～74% of Ti strength along with ～ 7·2% ductility were obtained for the joint bonded at 900°C due to better coalescence of mating surfaces. At a lower joining temperature of 850° C, bond strength is poor due to incomplete coalescence of the mating surfaces. With an increase in the joining temperature to 950°C, a decrease in bond strength occurred due to an increase in the volume fraction of brittle Fe–Ti base intermetallics.     

采用铌中间层的钛合金与不锈钢的真空热轧连接界面的显微组织及性能

进行了钛合金与不锈钢采用铌中间层的真空热轧连接实验,分析了连接界面的显微组织及性能。结果表明,采用铌中间层能够明显提高接头的塑性。当压缩率为25%,轧制速度为38 mm/s,热轧温度为800°C和900°C时,不锈钢与铌的连接界面没有明显的金属间化合物层;当热轧温度为1000°C和1050°C时,不锈钢与铌连接界面形成Fe-Nb金属间化合物层,并且当热轧温度为1050°C时在金属间化合物层与不锈钢之间出现开裂。铌与钛合金连接界面的扩散层厚度随着热轧温度的升高而增大。热轧温度为900°C的连接接头的拉伸强度可达-417.5MPa,拉伸试样断裂于铌中间层,断口呈塑性断裂特征。热轧温度为800°C的热轧过度接头分别与钛合金和不锈钢进行TIG焊接,TIG焊后热轧过度接头的拉伸强度可达-410.3 MPa,拉伸试样断裂于铌中间层,断口呈塑性断裂特征。     

Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded Al/Mg2Si metal matrix composite using copper interlayer

Diffusion bonding of Al/Mg₂Si metal matrix composite (MMC) using Cu interlayer at optimal bonding temperature of 540 °C for various bonding durations was investigated. This metal matrix composite (MMC) containing 15% Mg₂Si particles was produced by in situ technique. Specific diffusion bonding process was introduced as a low vacuum technique. The composition and microstructure of the joined areas were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Microhardness and shear tests were conducted to the samples to evaluate the effect of bonding duration on weldability. Several different diffusion layers exist at the bond region depending on the bonding duration. The shear strength of joints increased with bonding duration due to elimination of CuAl₂ brittle diffusion layer.     

扩散焊接钨/钒/钢体系的界面结构及力学性能

采用厚度为0.5 mm钒片作为中间层,在1050℃/10 MPa/1 h的工艺条件下,对钨/钢异种材料进行扩散焊接.采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和纳米压痕分别对接头的微观组织、元素分布及显微硬度进行分析和测试;对接头的拉伸性能进行测试,并对其断口形貌和元素分布进行分析.结果表明,利用母材与中间层之间元素的相互扩散,可实现钨/钢材料的焊接;钨/钢焊接接头界面区由钨-钒固溶体层、未反应钒层及钒-钢扩散层3部分组成,其中钒-钢界面层结构为钒/VC层/脱碳层/钢;钢/钒扩散层具有最高的显微硬度;钨/钢接头抗拉强度为75 MPa,含脆性相VC的钒/钢界面是接头失效的主要断裂源.     

304不锈钢激光搭接焊接头的组织及力学性能

采用脉冲激光焊技术焊接304不锈钢薄板。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能试验机等分析检测手段,研究304不锈钢焊接接头的微观组织特点及激光功率对接头组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,焊缝中心为细小的等轴晶,焊缝边缘为柱状晶组织,热影响区不明显。随着激光功率的增加,焊缝抗拉强度增大。激光功率为2.6 kW时,焊缝抗拉强度达到最大值491.7 MPa。继续增加激光功率,焊缝组织粗化,焊接接头抗拉强度降低。拉伸试样均在焊缝处发生断裂,焊缝中心是焊接接头最薄弱的部位。     

碳钢-Cu箔中间层-304不锈钢瞬间液相扩散结合区组织与性能

用扫描电镜、能谱仪、显微硬度计和剪切试验等方法,研究了以Cu箔为中间层的碳钢/不锈钢双金属瞬间液相扩散结合区组织性能。结果表明,以Cu箔作中间层,采用冷拔-瞬间液相扩散复合法可实现碳钢与不锈钢之间的良好冶金结合,结合区抗剪强度可达到300 MPa以上。在铜/不锈钢界面,铜液沿不锈钢奥氏体晶界扩散,形成残余"孤岛"奥氏体组织分布于铜基体中;在碳钢/铜界面,沿界面形成连续的岛状富铁相,然后呈枝晶状向铜中间层有向生长;在一定温度和时间范围内随扩散时间延长或扩散温度升高,结合区富铁相增多,结合区硬度提高,抗剪强度也进一步提高。     

The interface morphology of diffusion bonded dissimilar stainless steel and medium carbon steel couples

In the present study, a duplex stainless steel and an austenitic stainless steel were diffusion bonded to medium carbon steel. The differences of two dissimilar metal couples at the test temperature on microstructural developments across the joint region were investigated. After diffusion bonding, microstructural analysis including metallographic examination, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and shear strength tests were performed. From the results, it was seen that mutual diffusion of C and Cr was effective on the morphology of the diffusion zone that affected the shear strength of the bonds.     

Impulse pressuring diffusion bonding of titanium to 304 stainless steel using pure Ni interlayer

In the present study,impulse pressuring diffusion bonding technology(IPDB)was utilized between commercially pure titanium and 304 stainless steel(SS)using pure nickel(Ni)as interlayer metal.The interfacial microstructures of the bonded joints were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS)analyses.It is found that with the aid of the Ni interlayer,the interdiffusion and reaction between Ti and SS can be effectively restricted and robust joints can be obtained.Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)including Ti_2Ni,Ti Ni,and TiNi_3 are detected at the Ti/Ni interface;however,only Ni–Fe solid solution is found at the Ni/SS interface.The maximum tensile strength of 358 MPa is obtained by IPDB for 90 s and the fracture takes place along the Ti_2Ni and Ti Ni phase upon tensile loading.The existence of cleavage pattern on the fracture surface indicates the brittle nature of the joints.     

TiNi形状记忆合金与不锈钢TLP-DB接头界面组织及力学性能

采用AgCu金属箔作中间层,对TiNi形状记忆合金与不锈钢进行了瞬间液相扩散焊.分析了接头的显微组织、元素分布、物相组成等,研究了接头的显微硬度和不同工艺参数下的抗剪强度.结果表明,接头界面区由TiNi侧过渡区、中间区和不锈钢侧过渡区组成,主要相分别为Ti(Cu,Ni,Fe),AgCu,TiFe等.过渡区的显微硬度值高达500~650 HV,但中间区的硬度值只有大约120 HV.随加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,接头抗剪强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,最大抗剪强度为239.4 MPa.断裂发生在TiNi母材和AgCu中间层扩散界面上,断口为混合断裂形貌.     

扩散连接温度对304不锈钢接头性能与组织的影响

以304不锈钢为研究对象,探究了扩散连接温度(925～1000℃)对接头厚度变形量及力学性能的影响,并分析了其对界面组织的影响作用.扩散连接接头剪切强度随扩散温度升高呈现抛物线式变化.在950℃,30 MPa和60 min条件下扩散连接,接头抗剪切强度为580 MPa,达到母材剪切强度的98.47％,厚度变形量为1.2...     

镍作中间层脉冲加压扩散连接钛合金与不锈钢

采用纳米Ni粉、纳米Ni镀层、Ni箔作中间过渡层,对TA17近。型钛合金与0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了脉冲加压扩散连接,接头抗拉强度分别达到了175,212,334MPa。在金相显微镜下,对拉伸断口形貌进行了观察和分析;利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）测定了连接接头各区域内的微区成分和物相。结果表明,纳米Ni粉致密度不够高,纳米Ni镀层质量不够高,在很大程度上限制了接头强度的提高;Ni箔中间层的存在成功地阻止了Fe与Ti之间的互扩散,避免了形成脆而硬的Fe—Ti系金属间化合物。     

316L不锈钢扩散焊接头的微观结构和力学性能

针对不同焊接参数的含镍中间层316L不锈钢扩散焊接头,进行室温和550℃高温拉伸实验,采用SEM、XRD和金相显微镜分析接头区域的微观结构和相分布。结果表明:接头的室温力学性能随焊接温度的提高而降低,而高温力学性能随温度的提高而提高。XRD分析表明,焊接过程中产生的Fe0.64Ni0.36导致接头区域的相组成不均一;在高温拉伸实验时,DB2和DB3接头中的Fe0.64Ni0.36发生相变,强度和塑性更好的FeNi3是接头高温强度提高的原因。     

Effect of joining temperature on the microstructure and strength of tungsten/ferritic steel joints diffusion bonded with a nickel interlayer

A diffusion bonding process, for joining of tungsten to ferritic steel using nickel as an interlayer, was developed for nuclear component application. The effect of joining temperature on the microstructure and tensile strength of the joint was investigated in this work. Metallographic analysis revealed that a good bonding was obtained at both the tungsten/nickel and nickel/steel interfaces, and the diffusion products were identified in the diffusion zone. Nano-indentation test across the joining interfaces demonstrated the effect of solid solution hardening in the diffusion zone. Tensile test showed that the maximum average tensile strength of ∼200 MPa was obtained for the joint diffusion bonded at 900 °C. The results were discussed in terms of the joining temperature and of the residual stress generated during joining process.     

黄铜/钢扩散复合双金属界面组织与性能

用扫描电镜、能谱分析和压剪试验等方法,研究了扩散退火温度与时间对黄铜/钢扩散复合双金属界面附近组织、成分和界面结合强度的影响.结果表明,通过扩散复合可使黄铜/钢界面实现良好的冶金结合;在一定温度和时间范围内,随扩散温度和时间的增加界面结合面积增大,结合强度增加,可达220MPa;界面附近发生了原子的互扩散,界面上无有害相生成.     

钛/铜中间层/钢扩散焊复合管界面组织与性能

以铜箔为中间层,采用拉拔—内压扩散法制备钛/钢复合管.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X-光衍射仪和能谱仪对界面组织、断口形貌和成分进行分析,通过剪切试验测定界面的结合强度.结果表明,以铜箔作中间层,拉拔—内压扩散法实现了钛/钢的冶金结合;在钛/铜界面处发生了明显的原子扩散,并形成不同的扩散层;随着扩散温度和时间的增加扩散层的厚度逐渐增加;中间层的加入阻止了固相扩散中钛铁、钛碳脆性化合物生成;钛/钢界面的抗剪强度随着扩散温度的升高先增加后降低,铜层的加入使抗剪强度明显提高,最高可达310 MPa.     

铝/钢异种金属火焰钎焊接头组织和性能

通过扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法研究了火焰钎焊时Zn-xAl钎料的润湿性能、铝/钢钎焊接头界面显微组织、金属间化合物层以及接头抗剪强度.结果表明,Zn-xAl钎料配合改性CsF-RbF-AlF₃钎剂,可以有效地去除母材表面氧化膜,从而提高钎焊接头力学性能.随着Al元素含量增加,钎料铺展性和填缝性随之提高,但是钎焊接头强度先升后降,Al元素含量为15%时,钎焊接头力学性能最佳.钎焊接头显微组织分析结果表明,金属间化合物主要为Fe₄Al₁₃相. Zn-xAl钎料中Al元素含量较低时,界面层由富锌相和Fe₄Al₁₃相组成.随着Al元素含量的增加,在Zn-25Al钎焊接头界面出现第二层金属间化合物Fe₂Al₅相.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joints between tungsten and F82H steel using a titanium interlayer

Diffusion bonding between W and ferritic/martensitic steel F82H using a Ti interlayer was carried out in vacuum at temperature range of 850–950 °C for 1 h with 10 MPa. Metallographic analysis with field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed excellent bonding at both W/Ti and Ti/F82H interfaces. The chemical compositions of the reaction products were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy and their existence were confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. α–β Ti solid solution was detected at W/Ti interface, while the reaction phases at Ti/F82H interface are dependent on the joining temperature. Joint strength was evaluated and the variations in strength of the joints were significantly related to the microstructural evolution of the diffusion zone. All the joints fractured at Ti/F82H interface during shear testing. The hardness distribution across the joining interfaces was also determined.