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1.
对于高速熔化极气体保护焊接(GMAW)过程,当焊接速度超过临界值后,会出现驼峰焊道,焊缝成形变差.研究证明,熔池中动量很大的后向液体流是产生驼峰焊道的主要原因.研发了外加横向磁场发生装置,通过产生的电磁力来抑制后向液体流的动量,从而抑制驼峰焊道的形成.应用特斯拉计测试和考察了工件上磁感应强度大小及分布的影响因素.通过开展焊接工艺试验分析了不同强度的外加磁场作用下的焊缝成形规律.结果表明,外加横向磁场能明显调控熔池流态,有效抑制驼峰焊道和咬边等缺陷,显著改善焊缝成形,提高临界焊接速度. 相似文献
2.
《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2013,18(4):447-459
AbstractA commonly observed welding defect that characteristically occurs at high welding speeds is the periodic undulation of the weld bead profile, also known as humping. The occurrence of humping limits the range of usable welding speeds in most fusion welding processes and prevents further increases in productivity in a welding operation. At the present time, the physical mechanisms responsible for humping are not well understood. Thus, it is difficult to know how to suppress humping in order to achieve higher welding speeds. The objectives of this study were to identify and experimentally validate the physical mechanisms responsible for the humping phenomenon during high speed gas metal arc (GMA) welding of plain carbon steel. A LaserStrobe video imaging system was used to obtain video images of typical sequences of events during the formation of a hump. Based on these recorded video images, the strong momentum of the backward flow of molten metal in the weld pool that typically occurred during high speed welding was identified as the major factor responsible for the initiation of humping. Experiments with different process variables affecting the backward flow of molten weld metal were used to validate this hypothesis. These process variables included welding speed, welding position and shielding gas composition. The use of downhill welding positions and reactive shielding gases was found to suppress humping and to allow higher welding speeds by reducing the momentum of the backward flow of molten metal in the weld pool. This would suggest that any process variables or welding techniques that can dissipate or reduce the momentum of the backward flow of molten metal in the weld pool will facilitate higher welding speeds and productivity. 相似文献
3.
The developed mathematical model of humping formation mechanism in high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is used to analyze the effects of welding current and welding speed on the occurrence of humping bead. It considers both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet inside weld pool. Three-dimensional geometry of weld pool, the spacing between two adjacent humps and hump height along humping weld bead are calculated under different levels of welding current and welding speed. It shows that wire feeding rate, power intensity and the moment of backward flowing molten jet are the major factors on humping bead formation. 相似文献
4.
高速GMAW驼峰焊道形成过程的数值分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
基于高速气体金属电弧焊(GMAW)驼峰焊道形成过程的实验观测结果,充分考虑熔池中后向液体流的动量和热焓,在熔池表面变形方程中加入后向液体流的动能项,并将熔滴热焓分布在整个熔池表面层,建立了高速GMAW驼峰焊道形成过程的数值分析模型.模拟了一定焊接条件下的驼峰焊道形成过程及其三维形状与尺寸,与实测结果进行了对比,证明本文模型能够较好地模拟高速GMAW过程,可定量分析驼峰焊道形成过程. 相似文献
5.
《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2013,18(6):750-759
AbstractUndercut and humping bead are the common defects that limit the maximum welding speed of tandem pulsed gas metal arc (GMA) welding. In order to increase the maximum welding speed, effects of the inclination angle, interwire distance and welding current ratio between the leading wire and trailing wire on bead formation in high speed welding are investigated. The undercut and humping bead is attributed to the irregular flow of molten metal towards the rear part of the weld pool. This irregular flow can be prevented by the trailing wire with a push angle from 5° to 13° , which provides an appropriate component of arc force in the welding direction. The irregular flow is also related to the distance between the leading wire and the trailing wire, and the flow becomes regular when the distance is in the range 9–12 mm. Moreover, the stabilisation of the bulge of the weld pool between the two wires, the presence of enough molten metal below the trailing arc, and the reduced velocity of molten metal flow towards the rear part of the weld pool, are essential to increase the maximum welding speed. These conditions can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of the leading arc current to the trailing arc current. A maximum welding speed as high as 4–4·5 m min?1 is achieved by setting the current ratio to a value ranging from 0·31 to 0·5. 相似文献
6.
Ji CHEN ) Chuansong WU ) ) MOE Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution Materials Processing 《金属学报(英文版)》2011,(6):457-465
The momentum of strong backward flowing melt jet and the thermal action from transferred droplets are two dominating factors affecting the formation of humping bead in high speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Appropriate describing the influence of the distribution mode of droplet heat content in the weld pool is essential to understand the physical mechanism of humping bead formation. Based on the experimental results, four kinds of droplet heat content distribution modes are proposed and employed to calcu... 相似文献
7.
Influence of backward flowing molten jet on humping bead formation during high-speed GMA welding 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Considering the inflttence of backward flowing molten jet observed by experiments, a new pool surface deformation formula and droplets heat content model are used to investigate the humping formation mechanism during high-speed gas metal arc (GMA) welding. Three-dimensional geometry of the humping bead is numerically simulated only if some extra force and heat acted at the rear part of weld pool are taken into account in the model. It has proved that both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet must be appropriately treated to quantitatively analyze the physical mechanism of the humping phenomenon. 相似文献
8.
In high speed MAG welding process, some weld formation defects may be encountered. To get good weld quality, the critical welding speed beyond which humping or undercutting weld bead can occur must be known for different conditions. In this research, high speed MAG welding tests were carried out to check out the effects of different factors on the critical welding speed. Through observing the weld bead profiles and the macrographs of the transverse sections of MAG welds, the occurrence tendency of humping weld was analyzed, and the values of critical welding speed were determined under different levels of welding current or voltage, and the effect of shielding gas compositions on the critical welding speed was also investigated. 相似文献
9.
Guoxiang Xu Qingnan Cao Qingxian Hu Weiwei Zhang Peng Liu Baoshuai Du 《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2013,18(8):700-710
Without any presupposed mechanism, a unified three-dimensional model is developed to predict the formation of humping bead in high speed gas metal arc welding, which considers the three phase coupling of solid, liquid and gas and the effect of shear stress exerting on weld pool surface caused by arc plasma. A strong backward fluid flow in weld pool is identified as the major factor for bead hump formation. The generation of thin liquid transition zone and its premature solidification are two conditions responsible for the occurrence of humped weld. In case of low inner contact angle between the liquid metal and workpiece surface, the bead hump is still generated. With increasing welding current, the bead hump can be suppressed. 相似文献
10.
搭建了TIG-MIG复合焊试验平台及电参数-高速图像同步采集系统,进行了一系列低碳钢高速TIG-MIG复合焊工艺试验,研究了高速TIG-MIG复合焊的电弧形态、熔滴过渡及熔池行为对焊缝成形的影响,并确定了合适的匹配参数.结果表明,MIG焊电流在240~300 A,且TIG焊电流与MIG焊电流相当时,TIG-MIG复合焊焊接过程稳定,即使在焊接速度高达2.5 m/min时,焊缝仍无驼峰、咬边等缺陷,与传统MIG焊相比,熔深增加,熔宽减小.TIG-MIG复合焊由于电弧间的相互作用,两电弧指向发生偏转,电弧压力减小,焊接过程不产生弧坑,且熔宽变窄,这是避免驼峰和咬边缺陷的主要原因. 相似文献
11.
当熔化极气体保护焊的焊接速度高于一定临界值时,会出现驼峰焊道成形缺陷.为防止驼峰焊道的出现,通过外加磁场与熔池中的焊接电流相互作用,产生指向熔池前方的电磁力,抑制熔池中后向液体流的动量从而抑制驼峰的产生.通过建立焊前工件上外加磁场的三维模型,计算了工件上的外加电磁场分布.提出热-磁耦合分析方法,实现焊接过程中熔池内外加电磁场的数值计算.结果表明,高速焊过程中,外加磁场主要以横向磁场分布在熔池区;焊丝与磁极间的距离会显著改变熔池内外加横向磁场的分布. 相似文献
12.
Molten metal flow on weld pool surface in gas metal arc welding process is investigated using a vision-based sensing system and an interpolation algorithm. Bead formation is investigated by analysing flow patterns and its driving forces of weld pool under different welding speed, welding current and shielding gas. Results show that if longitudinal to transverse velocity ratio exceeds 2.0 in the front of weld pool, outward molten metal mainly driven by arc force cannot reach the widest section of the weld pool. Meanwhile, the transverse spreading of molten metal is still hindered in the middle of weld pool as it turns to be inward flow dominated by Marangoni force. These phenomena impede molten metal supply to weld toes which causes undercutting defect. Scaling analysis shows that the predicted undercutting defect agrees well with that resulted from experiments. 相似文献
13.
Weld humping and undercut are the most common appearance defects in high speed welding. A high speed tandem TIG welding process was developed to suppress the formation of these appearance defects and to improve the productivity of TIG welding. In this paper, the mechanical properties and microstructure of joints obtained from tandem and single TIG welding were tested and compared. The results show that the sound weld appearance can be obtained by tandem TIG welding at the welding speed of 3 m/min for 1.5 mm thick 409L stainless steel plate. The mechanical properties of the tandem TIG welded joint are in the similar level with single TIG welded joint. The analysis of the tandem TIG welding process indicates that the assistant arc with a push angle can prevent the liquid metal flowing backward to the trailing region of weld pool and the premature solidification of thin liquid layer in the gouging region. 相似文献
14.
开展了高速活性气体保护( MAG)电弧焊接工艺实验, 确定出了不同焊接电流条件下形成驼峰焊道时的临界焊接速度、相邻驼峰之间的距离以及同一驼峰焊道“波峰”和“谷底”的断面形貌. 基于高速MAG电弧焊熔池的视觉检测图像, 分析了驼峰焊道的产生机理, 并利用上坡焊和下坡焊实验进行了验证. 同时, 也分析了保护气体成分对高速MAG电弧焊焊缝成形的影响. 相似文献
15.
文中通过数值模拟来研究常速、高速熔化极气体保护焊的温度场和流场,并利用高速摄影观察熔池流动,分析了驼峰形成过程.结果表明,常速焊接熔池纵截面同时存在逆时针向内和顺时针向外两种流动方式,但随着焊接速度的提高,熔池纵截面仅存在逆时针向内单一流动方式.高速焊接时,较大动量的后向液体流和足够大的表面张力促进液态金属在熔池尾部不断堆积、变大.沿焊接方向,熔池受到不均匀的表面张力法向力作用而收缩,这是驼峰形成的两个重要因素.任何能降低表面张力的措施,都能抑制驼峰的形成. 相似文献
16.
运用自主研发的爬壁机器人研究焊接速度和焊接电流对竖向高速熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal arc welding,GMAW)驼峰焊缝的影响. 结果表明,焊接速度或焊接电流超过某一临界值时,竖向高速GMAW会形成驼峰焊缝,且熔池中由电弧压力、熔滴冲击力和重力作用下产生的动量很大的后向液体流是竖向高速GMAW形成驼峰焊缝的主要原因. 同时,焊接速度和焊接电流显著影响驼峰焊缝形貌. 当焊接电流不变时,随焊接速度提高,驼峰焊缝的驼峰间距和驼峰高度先稳定减小,后缓慢减小,而焊缝宽度则稳定减小;当焊接速度不变时,随焊接电流增加,驼峰焊缝的驼峰间距先增加后减小,驼峰高度则是先增加后不变,而焊缝宽度则稳定增加. 此外,焊接速度过小或焊接电流过大均会造成金属液下淌. 相似文献
17.
《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2013,18(1):38-44
AbstractIn fusion welding, gravity makes a molten metal flow downward and it sometimes causes an irregular shaped weld bead and weld defects such as an undercut. To solve this problem, the authors propose a new electromagnetic controlled molten pool welding process method which controls the molten metal flow by using upward electromagnetic forces, and the applicability of this method to industry is examined. In flat position welding with excessive heat input, the molten metal tends to sag down and an undercut defect is likely to occur. It is found that the upward electromagnetic force given by adjusting the conditions of magnetic field can lift the molten metal up, resulting in the remarkably improved shape of a penetration bead. It is further found that, even in overhead position welding, a well shaped penetration bead without undercuts is obtained by adjusting the welding touch angle as well as magnetic field conditions. 相似文献
18.
应用具有自由表面的流体稳定性理论,分析了焊接熔池失稳的产生机理,并对双丝共熔池MAG焊接脉冲电流不同相位关系对焊缝成形的影响进行了试验观察与分析.结果表明,双丝脉冲电流为同步相位时,电弧周期性的熄灭可以减少对熔池的加热量,防止熔池过长而失稳.双丝脉冲电流为交替相位关系时,主机与从机电弧交替出现,使熔池始终处于电弧的加热之下,热输入量大,熔化态金属的长度较长,产生驼峰焊道的可能性加大.双丝脉冲电流为随机相位时,主机、从机焊丝电弧时而同步燃烧或同步熄灭,时而交替燃烧与熄灭;同步熄灭时,熔池可及时冷却,交替燃烧与熄灭时,熔池始终处于电弧的加热之下,熔池难以及时冷却,因此焊缝表面不均匀. 相似文献
19.
高速MAG电弧焊驼峰焊道产生过程的实验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
开展了高速活性气体保护(MAG)电弧焊接工艺实验,确定出了不同焊接电流条件下形成驼峰焊道时的临界焊接速度、相邻驼峰之间的距离以及同一驼峰焊道“波峰”和“谷底”的断面形貌.基于高速MAG电弧焊熔池的视觉检测图像,分析了驼峰焊道的产生机理,并利用上坡焊和下坡焊实验进行了验证.同时,也分析了保护气体成分对高速MAG电弧焊焊缝成形的影响. 相似文献
20.
《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2013,18(4):288-294
AbstractThe objectives of this research are to investigate penetration characteristics, to clarify welding phenomena and to develop high quality welding procedures in bead on plate welding of type 304 austenitic stainless steel plates with a 10 kW fibre laser beam. The penetration depth reached 18 mm at the maximum at 5 mm s?1. At 50 mm s?1 or lower welding speeds, however, porosity was generated at any fibre laser spot diameter. On the other hand, at 100 mm s?1 or higher welding speeds, underfilling and humping weld beads were formed under the conventionally and tightly focused conditions respectively. The generation of spatters was influenced mainly by a strong shear force of a laser induced plume and was greatly reduced by controlling direction of the plume blowing out of a keyhole inlet. The humping formation was dependent upon several dynamic or static factors, such as melt volume above the surface, strong melt flow to the rear molten pool on the top surface, solidification rate and narrow molten pool width and corresponding high surface tension. Its suppression was effective by producing a wider weld bead width under the defocused laser beam conditions or reduction of melt volume out of keyhole inlet under the full penetration welding conditions. Concerning porosity, X-ray transmission in situ observation images demonstrated that pores were formed not only from the tip of the keyhole but also at the middle part because of high power density. The keyhole behaviour was stabilised using a nitrogen shielding gas, resulting in porosity prevention. Consequently, to produce high quality welds in 10 kW high power fibre laser welding, the reduction procedures of welding defects were required on the basis of understanding their formation mechanism, and 10 kW fibre laser power could produce sound deeply penetrated welds of 18 mm depth in a nitrogen shielding gas. 相似文献