The correlation between dendritic microstructure and mechanical properties of directionally solidified hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys

Al-Ni hypoeutectic alloys were directionally solidified under upward transient heat flow conditions. The aim of the present study is to set up correlations between the as-cast microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties of these alloys. The dependence of primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing on the alloy solute content and on solidification thermal parameters is also analyzed. The results include transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficient, tip growth rate, cooling rate, dendrite arm spacing, ultimate tensile strength, yield tensile strength and elongation. Expressions relating dendrite spacing to solidification thermal parameters and mechanical properties to the scale of the dendritic microstructure have been determined. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength and the yield tensile strength increase with increasing alloy solute content and with decreasing primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing. In contrast, the elongation was found to be independent of both alloy composition and dendritic arrangement.     

不同压力下挤压铸造铝铜合金的组织与性能

采用挤压铸造工艺制备出一种新开发的、高强韧铝铜合金.T5热处理状态下其抗拉强度达到433 MPa,伸长率为14%.通过对该合金力学性能及其显微组织的研究表明,铸态和经T5热处理的抗拉强度和伸长率均随压力的增加而增大,在压力为50MPa时达到最大值,但在铸态下,未加压力的铸造合金其硬度高于挤压铸造的合金硬度.随挤压力增加,晶粒明显细化,二次枝晶增加,枝晶间距减小.     

型砂及壁厚对锶变质A356铸造合金组织和性能的影响

采用硅砂、宝珠砂和铬铁矿砂3种不同砂型作为造型材料浇注多阶梯铸件试样,对比研究不同冷却条件对Al-10Sr中间合金变质A356（Al-7Si-0.3Mg）铸造合金力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明：在3种造型材料中,铬铁矿砂浇注试样具有最好的组织和力学性能。随着冷却速度的增加,枝晶间距显著变小,力学性能有所改善,其中伸长率对冷却速度比抗拉强度更敏感。这种性能的提高主要是由于枝晶间距更加细密和基体中自由Sr原子数的提高造成的。根据实际的试验数据,模拟建立不同砂型条件下枝晶间距和力学性能之间的回归分析模型,该模型可用于预测Sr变质A356合金铸件的抗拉强度和伸长率。     

热处理对选区激光熔化GH3536合金晶界与拉伸行为的影响

采用选区激光熔化制备了GH3536合金,并分别进行固溶处理和热等静压处理,研究不同热处理手段对GH3536合金的组织形貌、晶界形态及室温拉伸行为的影响。结果表明:沉积态试样的组织由超细柱状亚晶粒与熔池界组成,存在气孔与微裂纹等缺陷;选区激光熔化试样分别经固溶处理和热等静压处理后,二者致密度均上升,组织转变为由交替分布的大小不等等轴晶粒组成,但热等静压的沿晶界析出M_(23)C_6相,形成锯齿状的弯曲晶界;沉积态试样的拉伸性能表现出各向异性的特点,固溶处理可消除拉伸性能的各向异性,但抗拉强度和屈服强度均有下降,延伸率明显上升。热等静压态试样与固溶态试样相类似,但其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率均有进一步的提高;3种形态合金的断裂机制均为微孔聚集型的韧性断裂。     

添加Cu对A357合金过时效行为及室温、高温拉伸和疲劳性能的影响（英文）

本研究的目的是通过研究富铜合金在室温和200°C下的抗拉强度和疲劳强度以评估合金的过时效行为,并将力学性能与其显微组织,尤其是二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)相关联。在200°C下对过时效合金进行力学性能测试,结果显示,在A357合金中添加1.3%(质量分数)Cu能够使其极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和疲劳强度分别保持在近210、200和100 MPa。与四元(Al-Si-Cu-Mg)C355合金相比,A357-Cu合金具有更高的室温力学性能和相当的高温(200°C)力学性能。显微组织分析表明,SDAS对峰值时效A357-Cu合金的室温力学行为有影响,而对过时效合金在200°C的拉伸和疲劳性能影响甚微。     

Effect of pressure on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-based alloy prepared by squeeze casting

A new high-strength aluminum alloy with better fluidity than that of ZL205A was developed. The effect of applied pressure during squeeze casting on microstructures and properties of the alloy was studied. The results show that the fluidity of the alloy is 16% and 21% higher than that of ZL205A at the pouring temperature of 993 K and 1 013 K, respectively. Compared with permanent-mold casting, mechanical properties of the alloy prepared by squeeze casting are much higher. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy are 520 MPa and 7.9% in squeeze casting under an applied pressure of 75 MPa, followed by solution treatment at 763 K for 1 h and at 773 K for 8 h, quenching in water at normal temperature and aging at 463 K for 5 h. The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the remarkable decreasing of the secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) and eliminating of micro-porosity in the alloy caused by applied pressure.     

Mechanical properties and microstructures of AlSi7 alloy cast in sand and in polystyrene-containing sand moulds

Experimental work has been undertaken to study the effects of polystyrene pattern material on the mechanical properties and microstructures of cast aluminium alloys. This paper reports results obtained using Al—Si 7% (LM25) alloy. Rectangular tensile test-pieces of various thickness were cast at different pouring temperatures into standard resin-bonded sand moulds. The experiments were then repeated with polystyrene patterns placed into the sand mould cavities. A direct comparison of the effects of polystyrene pattern material on the properties of the cast test-pieces with those obtained under identical conditions by a standard sand casting method has thus been obtained. Ultimate tensile strength, elongation, Vickers hardness, porosity volume, and dendrite arm spacing (DAS) values relating to both methods were evaluated for a range of casting section thickness (4–16 mm) and pouring temperature (690–780 °C). The microstructural differences observed between the test pieces obtained, with and without polystyrene patterns, were verified by the changes in the solidification cooling curves recorded simultaneously for both methods.

The results obtained show that an expanded polystyrene pattern contained within a sand mould, under the experimental conditions used, does not have an adverse effect on the as-cast mechanical properties of LM25 alloy. On the contrary, the presence of polystyrene in the sand moulds resulted in higher rather than lower tensile properties. These findings have been supported by microstructural observations which reveal finer microstructures and lower volumes of porosity in the test pieces produced with the use of polystyrene, rather than in the absence of it. These observations are further supported by the evidence obtained from the cooling curves which reveal that the presence of polystyrene in the sand mould results in a faster casting cooling rate compared with that when no polystyrene is present.     

铝合金拉伸试样金属型模具优化

设计了一种采用不同浇注系统的铝合金拉伸试样金属型模具,以减少铸件的缺陷、提升铸件的质量。利用Pro CAST对铸造过程进行模拟,对拉伸试样充型凝固过程中的各物理场进行分析,预测其铸造缺陷和二次枝晶臂间距。确定优化模具的合理性后进行实验验证。实验结果表明:优化模具能够有效阻止前沿含有氧化薄膜的金属熔体进入型腔;优化模具的扇形流道,使充型过程平稳,避免型腔内出现卷气现象;试样能够实现顺序凝固,成功消除试样中的缩松、缩孔缺陷;优化模具试样的二次枝晶臂间距为33. 2μm,抗拉强度为215 N·mm-2,屈服强度为173 N·mm-2,断后伸长率为4. 5%。优化后的模具能有效地减少拉伸试样中的铸造缺陷并减小二次枝晶臂间距,提升了拉伸试样的力学性能。     

Sr含量对Mg-Li-Al-Mn合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

利用真空感应炉在氩气保护下,设计与制备Mg-8Li-3Al-0.5Mn-xSr（x=0-1.0）合金,并将其进行热挤压处理。分别研究合金铸态与挤压态显微组织和拉伸性能。结果表明：LAM830合金主要含有α-Mg,β-Li,Al2Mn3和LiMgAl2相。在加入Sr后合金中出现Al-Sr析出相。Sr对铸态合金α-Mg基体的二次枝晶臂有明显细化效果。经过热挤压处理的合金组织远优于铸态的合金组织。金属间化合物的含量与形态对合金力学性能的影响很大,其中挤压态的LAM830-0.5Sr具有最佳的伸长率（22.43%）,LAM830-0.75Sr合金具有最佳的抗拉强度（265.46 MPa）。     

Influences of pouring temperature and cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of casting A1-Si-Cu aluminum alloy

This paper investigated the influences of pouring temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure development and mechanical properties for casting Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy.The microstructure of the as-cast samples was characterized by an optical microscope.The results showed that the dendrite arm spacing(DAS,λ) is well refined by pouring at a higher temperature.The λ decreases with increasing pouring temperature due to the multiplication of the nucleation sites in the superheating liquid melt,and the mechanical properties,such as microhardness and ultimate tensile strength increase correspondingly,while the elongation decreases.The relationships between microhardness and λ for the samples cooled in metal mould and sand mould,are given as HV=118.9 1.246λ and HV=115.2 1.029λ,respectively.The effects of the cooling rate controlled by using permanent mould casting and sand mould casing processes(the cooling medium is air and sand,respectively) on the dendrite arm spacing and mechanical properties are similar to the effect of the pouring temperature.     

Tensile behavior of directionally solidified Ni3Al intermetallics with different Al contents and solidification rates

Despite the excellent high temperature mechanical properties of the Ni3Al intermetallic compound, its application is still limited due to its inherently weak grain boundary. Recent research advances have demonstrated that the tensile ductility can be enhanced by controlling the grain morphology using a directional solidification. In this study, a series of directional solidification experiments were carried out to increase both the tensile ductility and the strength of Ni₃Al alloys by arraying either the ductile phase of γ-Ni-rich dendrite fibers or the hard phase of β-NiAl dendrite fibers in the γ′-Ni₃Al matrix. The dendrite arm spacing could be controlled by the solidification rate, and the volume fraction of the γ or β phase could be altered by the Al content, ranging from 23 at.% to 27 at.%. With an increasing Al content, the γ dendritic microstructure was transformed into the β dendrite in the γ′ matrix, thereby reducing the tensile ductility by increasing the volume fraction of brittle β dendrites in the γ′ matrix. With an increasing solidification rate, the dendrite arm spacing decreased and the tensile properties of Ni₃Al varied in a complex manner. The microstructural evolution affecting the tensile behavior of directionally solidified Ni₃Al alloy specimens with different solidification rates and Al contents is discussed.     

An empirical analysis of trends in mechanical properties of T6 heat treated Al-Si-Mg casting alloys

The Al-Si-Mg family of alloys is typically used in the T6 heat treated condition for high integrity casting applications. There are several variables that can influence the tensile properties of these alloys besides the actual ageing treatment employed. These are alloy composition, particularly Mg and Fe content, and secondary dendrite arm spacing or SDAS. Tensile data from samples covering a wide range of Mg content (0.3–0.7%), Fe content (0.05–0.20%), SDAS (20–60 μn) and two ageing treatments (under- and peak-aged), have been collected and analysed empirically. Concise relationships have been determined for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture in terms of one or more of the experimental variables. The observed trends are explained in terms of basic metallurgical principles and the predictive use of the empirically-determined equations is qualified. A comparison of experimentally determined properties and those calculated using the derived relationships highlights some important and clear trends.     

铬铁矿砂在铝合金铸造中的应用

分别使用普通硅砂和铬铁矿砂浇注铝合金阶梯试样,分析其试棒的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率以及硬度,分析其金相组织,测其晶粒度和二次枝晶间距并进行对比.试验表明,采用铬铁矿砂铸造,明显提高铸件的抗拉强度;伸长率在壁较薄处也有较大提升,而在壁厚较厚处则优势下降;晶粒细化效果显著,晶粒度和二次枝晶间距优于普通硅砂铸件,冷却速度敏感性小于普通硅砂铸件.因此铬铁矿砂更适合于作为强度要求高的铸件,但是由于其强烈的激冷效果使得金属液流动性变差,因此不适合做形状复杂铸件的造型材料,加之价格昂贵,其使用受到限制.     

Influence of samarium content on microstructure and mechanical properties of recycled die-cast YL112 aluminum alloys

The influence of Sm(Samarium) content on microstructure and mechanical properties of recycled die-cast YL112 aluminum alloys was investigated.The results show that many small Sm-rich particles form in the recycled die-cast YL112 alloys with Sm addition.At the same time,the secondary dendrite arm spacing in the YL112 alloys modified with Sm is smaller than that of the unmodified alloy.The eutectic Si of recycled diecast YL112-xSm alloys transforms from coarse acicular morphology to fine fibres,Mechanical properties of the investigated recycled die-cast YL112 aluminum alloys are enhanced with Sm addition,and a maximal ultimate tensile strength value(276 MPa) and elongation(3.76%) are achieved at a Sm content of 0.6wt.%.Due to the modification of eutectic Si by Sm,numerous tearing ridges and tiny dimples on the fractures of tensile samples are observed.     

Effect of Holding Pressure on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy

In this study, the effect of holding pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-pressure die cast A356 aluminum alloy was investigated. The results showed that the application of high holding pressure (300 kPa) generated castings with denser structure and superior mechanical properties. By increasing the holding pressure up to 300 kPa, the size of secondary dendrite arm spacing greatly reduced by 22.7% at the cooling rate of 1°C/s and decreased by 12.8% at 10°C/s. The Feret’s diameter and aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles decreased by 8.4 and 5.1% at the cooling rate of 1°C/s and decreased by 9.3 and 6.4% at 10°C/s, respectively. Meanwhile, the density of A356 aluminum alloy increased to 2.678 g/cm³ and the area fraction of porosity decreased to 0.035%. Thus, tensile properties of A356 aluminum alloy obtained at high holding pressure were enhanced, especially the ductility. All these could be associated with the better filling capability and faster cooling rate caused by high holding pressure. In the analytical range of experimental conditions, the correlation of mechanical properties with process parameters was established by statistical models to predict the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of low-pressure die cast A356 aluminum alloy.     

蛇形通道浇注流变压铸铝合金拉伸试样的力学性能和微观组织(英文)

开发出一种新颖的A356铝合金半固态加工技术——蛇形通道浇注流变压铸技术(SCRC)。采用SCRC技术制备A356铝合金拉伸试样,并研究试样在铸态和T6热处理条件下的力学性能和微观组织。结果表明:在铸态下拉伸试样的抗拉强度可达到250MPa左右,伸长率在8.6%-13.2%;经过T6热处理后,抗拉强度可提高约30%,但伸长率略有下降。在这些实验条件下,蛇形通道浇注技术可制备出初生α1(Al)的形状因子为0.78-0.89和晶粒尺寸为35-45μm的优质半固态A356铝合金浆料。与传统压铸工艺相比,SCRC技术可改善拉伸试样的微观组织并提高它的力学性能。这种SCRC技术具有与传统压铸设备衔接简便、取消了半固态浆料的保存及输送步骤和具有较高的性价比等优点。     

冷铁对铝合金铸件二次枝晶间距的影响

研究了冷铁厚度、冷铁的有效作用距离、铸件二次枝晶间距以及铸件的模数之间的关系。结果表明,随着冷铁厚度的增加,试样的二次枝晶间距减小;试样的直径和冷铁的厚度显著影响冷铁的有效作用距离,随着试样直径的增加,必须相应增加冷铁的厚度。根据研究结果,绘制了铸件模数、铸件热节厚度及应加冷铁厚度之间的关系诺模图。还研究了冷铁厚度与局部凝固速度及铸件二次枝晶间距之间的关系,并给出了局部凝固速度及铸件二次枝晶间距之间关系的数学表达式,对于任何模数的A357合金铸件,只要合理控制其局部凝固速度,即可得到需要的二次枝晶间距。     

电磁搅拌对Mg-8Li-3Al合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同强度的电磁搅拌对Mg-8Li-3Al合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,电磁搅拌能改善凝固过程的传热传质,细化枝晶,提高合金的抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度.当施加的电磁场电压为100 V时,Mg-8Li-3Al合金的显微组织细小均匀,室温抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度(HB)分别达到212.9 MPa、10.5%和71.3,合金的组织和力学性能达到最佳.     

Tensile ductility improvement of AlSi9Cu1 alloy by chemical composition optimization

Diesel engines, characterized by higher breakout pressure and compression ratio in comparison with gasoline engines, require particularly elevated tensile properties for their engine parts. In order to maintain both high strength and high ductility in the cylinder head, i.e., to obtain higher percent elongation without further reducing the tensile strength, Al Si9Cu1 alloy was used to prepare the cylinder head in an aluminum diesel engine. At the same time, the effect of different modification elements, Na or Sr, and Fe content on the reduction of secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) was discussed, and the design of T7 heat treatment parameters were analyzed in order to improve the tensile ductility. The result shows:(1) The SDAS is as small as 18±3 μm for the Sr modified alloy.(2) The percent elongation of the alloy with Sr modification increases by 66.7% and 42.9%, respectively, compared with the unmodified alloy and the alloy with Na modification.(3) Lower Fe content alloy(0.10%) gives good results in percent elongation compared to the alloy with higher Fe content(0.27%); in particular, after Sr modification and T7 heat treatment, the elongation of over 5% is obtained.     

A356铝合金Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr熔体处理遗传效应

通过重熔试验研究Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr中间合金在A356熔体中的遗传效应。结果表明:A356合金经熔体处理后流动性较母材提高17.36%,T6处理后α-Al枝晶细化,二次枝晶间距仅为16.8μm,共晶硅圆整,抗拉强度达269 MPa、屈服强度203MPa、伸长率12.5%、硬度92 HBW。伴随重熔,细化变质效果逐渐衰退,熔体质量下降,以致力学性能和流动性下降。试验发现固溶后快淬可减小变质衰退带来的影响。