Effect of vanadium on the microstructure and properties of metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 301LN

In this study,the effect of vanadium on the microstructure and properties of the metastable austenitic stainless steel AISI 301LN w as investigated. Results of the study show that the addition of vanadium can refine grains and increase the strength of AISI 301LN by solution treatment. After 60%cold-rolling reduction,the microstructure of the steel w as composed of w ork-hardened austenite bands and deformation-inducedɑ'martensite.Considerable w ork-hardening and phase transformation strengthening occurred. After cold rolling and subsequent annealing,the deformation-inducedɑ'martensite w as reversed into fine-grained austenite. The w orkhardened austenite bands underw ent recrystallization; how ever,the structure of the recrystallized austenite grains w as coarser than that of the reversed ones.Simultaneously,the strength of the experimental steels decreased w ith the increase in annealing temperature. The pinning effect of precipitates of vanadium inhibited the grow th of austenite grains.Thus,the desirable combination of strength and ductility w as obtained by grain refinement.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel

Present study concerns the effect of deformation and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a duplex stainless steel. While hot rolling causes the coarse distribution of the constituent phases (ferrite and austenite), 50% cold rolling results into the elongated and splintered two — phase structure. Supersaturated ferrite structure established by water quenching from 1300°C results into the strengthening due to the formation of fine dispersed austenite precipitates within ferrite grain after isothermal heat treatment (1000°C, 0.5 hour). Duplex structure consisting of ferrite and austenite in a fine-grained form is obtained after isothermal heat treatment of cold rolled sample. Cold deformed and heat treated steel exhibits best combination of strength and ductility among all the investigated steel samples.     

合金元素对316LN不锈钢的力学性能和点蚀性能的影响

研究了N、Cr、Mo和Ni四种合金元素含量的变化对核电主管道用固溶态316LN不锈钢的晶粒尺寸以及常规力学性能和点蚀性能的影响.随着N含量的升高,316LN的晶粒明显细化,其在固溶处理过程中晶粒长大趋势也减小.N含量的升高可改善316LN的力学性能和耐点蚀性能,但是当N质量分数达到0.20%时,其耐点蚀性能又开始变差.晶粒细化对316LN强度的影响远小于N含量对316LN强度的影响.Cr及Ni含量对316LN的晶粒尺寸及抗拉强度、屈服强度等力学性能影响不大;Cr含量增加可轻微改善316LN的抗点蚀能力,Ni元素对316LN的耐点蚀性能影响不大,但可增大钝态的腐蚀速度从而不利于钝化膜的稳定.随Mo含量增加,316LN的晶粒尺寸略有减小,强度增大,延伸率显著降低,耐点蚀能力改善.     

添加青铜粉对烧结316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响

研究了添加青铜粉对316L烧结不锈钢的密度、硬度和微观组织的影响。结果表明：添加青铜粉末提高了316L不锈钢的生坯密度。烧结样品的密度和硬度均随青铜粉体积分数的增大而提高，烧结温度升高也有利于316L烧结不锈钢密度和硬度的增大，最佳烧结温度为1200℃左右。当青铜粉的体积分数为30％、烧结温度为1200℃时，316不锈钢的最大相对密度和硬度分别为95．1％和HRB83。添加青铜粉引起的液相烧结使不锈钢颗粒球形化趋势明显，颗粒表面平直化。     

热处理对X90管线钢组织性能的影响

将焊接的与未焊接的X90管线钢固溶后保温不同时间,对其显微组织和拉伸性能进行了分析.结果表明,X90管线钢在不同保温时间下的组织均由多边形铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成.随着保温时间的延长,粒状贝氏体由弥散状变为团状,M-A岛的含量增多,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸增大.焊接的与未焊接的实验钢保温时间为30 min,抗拉强度分别达最高660 MPa和725 MPa;保温60 min时抗拉强度分别最低为603 MPa和647 MPa.析出强化和细晶强化对钢的力学性能都有贡献,在保温30 min时,析出强化占主导地位.热处理对X90管线钢的性能影响对于经过焊接的与未焊接的实验钢,表现出了同样的趋势.     

固溶处理对冷轧Cr-Mn-N奥氏体不锈钢组织性能的影响

对一种节镍型Cr-Mn-N奥氏体不锈钢(Fe-13.8%Cr-11%Mn-0.35%N)的固溶处理工艺进行研究,设计固溶温度为800~1 100 ℃,保温时间为10、20和30 s,冷却方式为水冷和空冷。结果表明,试验钢经过900 ℃保温30 s水冷后,综合力学性能最佳,其中断后伸长率为47.7％,抗拉强度为1 023 MPa,屈服强度为540 MPa,强塑积为48.8 GPa·%。当固溶温度为800 ℃时,塑性提升并不明显,主要由于该温度仍处于敏化温度区间,导致含铬碳化物析出于奥氏体晶界,这对试样的塑性具有不利影响。根据EBSD的统计结果,经过900 ℃保温30 s后,试样组织中晶粒十分细小且均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约为1.4 μm;而提高固溶温度会导致晶粒粗化,1 000 ℃保温30 s后试样平均晶粒尺寸约为2.1 μm,1 100 ℃保温30 s后平均晶粒尺寸约为9.2 μm。     

热处理制度对新型高强度不锈钢组织与性能的影响

新型高强度不锈钢属于马氏体时效硬化不锈钢,该钢采用二次硬化机理设计成分,添加多种强碳化物形成元素,添加高量Co细化M2X相,在合适的温度回火下,不仅具有高强度、高硬度,而且还有高的塑性与韧性,在航天航空领域有着广泛的应用前景。主要研究了热处理制度对新型高强度不锈钢组织与性能的影响,摸索出适合的热处理制度,保证钢获得强度与韧性的良好配合,为今后进一步研究和使用该钢提供试验依据。     

多向锻造对超高强度不锈钢组织及力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对多向锻造淬火后的马氏体超高强度不锈钢的显微组织进行定量表征,分析多向锻造对试验钢显微组织的影响;同时进行力学性能测试,分析多向锻造对试验钢力学性能的影响,讨论不同强化机制对试验钢强度的贡献.结果 表明,随着锻造道次的...     

退火温度对441铁素体不锈钢组织性能的影响

为探索超纯铁素体不锈钢热轧板材在退火过程中组织和力学性能的演变,对441进行了900～1 050 ℃的退火试验,利用OM、SEM和TEM表征了441在退火过程中显微组织的变化规律,并通过拉伸试验和冲击试验研究了退火温度对力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着退火温度升高,轧制组织发生再结晶,且晶粒逐渐长大.退火后441热轧板材...     

Effect of thermomechanical treatment on structure and mechanical properties of Mo-bearing dual phase steel

The effects of hot rolling of a dual phase steel in the (α + γ) range on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated by using two thermomechanical (TMT) routes. The first consisted of heating A_c3, soaking, cooling to deformation temperature in the (α + γ) range. The second comprises heating to deformation temperature in the (α + γ) range, followed by rolling and quenching. Parameters varied were temperature (with the first route) and extent of deformation (with the second). The microstructures were characterised by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate a distinct difference in the final structure and properties due to the two different TMT routes. The first TMT route resulted in a greater amount of ferrite, finer lath width of martensite, finer ferrite grain size and increased density of dislocations. The strength properties decreased, the YS/UTS ratio decreased and ductility increased with the increase in the extent and temperature of deformation. However, TMT route 2 resulted in an increase in the amount of martensite, finer ferrite grain size, decrease in the martensite lath width and increased dislocation density. The strength properties increased, YS/UTS ratio increased and ductility decreased with increase in the extent and temperature of deformation.     

退火温度对430不锈钢冷轧板组织和力学性能的影响

针对现场生产的430不锈钢冷轧板,通过高温连续退火实验研究了退火温度对材料显微组织、强度、塑性以及各向异性性能的影响.通过实验得到了合理的两段式加热连续退火工艺:选取中间温度为600℃,加热II段的加热速率为2.3℃·s-1,最高加热温度为840℃.随着退火温度的升高,薄板的屈服强度和硬度呈明显的两阶段降低趋势,延伸率呈"S"型趋势增加,平均塑性应变比基本保持不变（1.25左右）,而轧制平面各向异性指数有一定的降低.针对430不锈钢冷轧板分别建立了屈服强度与退火软化率和延伸率之间的定量关系.      

热处理对316L/Q235复合板组织与力学性能的影响

 对热轧不锈钢复合板热处理前后状态进行了对比研究,利用扫描电镜对显微组织进行了观察和成分分析,利用维氏硬度计测量了试样硬度,通过剪切、拉伸试验对试样的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,真空热轧复合板能实现良好复合,碳钢侧为铁素体和珠光体组织;不锈钢侧为奥氏体组织。热处理后试样界面结合性能提高,试样剪切强度、屈服强度和抗拉强度都相应提高。高温阶段快速冷却＋低温阶段缓慢冷却的热处理制度适用于316L/Q235不锈钢复合板热处理。     

Effects of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-V-N steel

Based on studies of austenite deformation behavior and continuous-cooling-transformation behavior of a Ti-V microalloyed steel by cam plastometer and quench-deformation dilatometer, respectively, plate rolling schedules were designed to produce (i) recrystallized austenite, (ii) unrecrystallized austenite, (iii) deformed ferrite + unrecrystallized austenite. The effects of austenite condition and cooling rate on the final microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. To rationalize the variation in final ferrite grain size with different thermomechanical processing schedules, it is necessary to consider the kinetics of ferrite grain growth in addition to the density of ferrite nucleation sites. The benefit of dilatometer studies in determining the optimum deformation schedule and cooling rate for a given steel is domonstrated. A wide range of tensile and impact properties results from the different microstructures studied. Yield strength is increased by increasing the amount of deformed ferrite, bainite, or martensite, and by decreasing the ferrite grain size. Impact toughness is most strongly influenced by ferrite grain size and occurrence of rolling plane delaminations. B. Dogan, Formerly with CANMET, Ottawa, Canada,     

冷变形工艺对SUS301L不锈钢组织性能的影响

对亚稳定奥氏体不锈钢SUS301L进行了不同变形量的冷轧,并分别用X射线衍射仪和MP30铁素体测量仪测出了应变诱导马氏体及其含量.采用金相显微镜观察了试样的组织演变.研究结果表明:形变马氏体在剪切带的交叉点形核,新晶核的不断形成促使了形变马氏体的长大;形变马氏体随着冷轧压下量的增加而增加;另外,抗拉强度和硬度的增加幅度相当;平均抗拉强度与平均显微硬度的比值在2.82～3.17之间.     

预备热处理对AMS 6308钢组织及性能的影响

 采用SEM、TEM和力学性能测试等手段,研究了预备热处理对AMS 6308钢组织及性能的影响。结果表明,980 ℃以下正火,随着温度的提高,M6C碳化物逐渐溶解,晶粒细小,淬火后马氏体板条均匀细小,碳化物呈球状或椭球状弥散分布在板条界和晶界上,碳化物体积分数和位错密度较高,强度和冲击值逐渐增加。980 ℃以上正火,M6C碳化物溶解增多,晶粒开始长大,淬火后马氏体板条束尺寸也长大,碳化物体积分数和位错密度下降,强度和冲击值降低。推荐的预备热处理制度：正火温度为980～1 010 ℃,回火温度为680～700 ℃,经性能热处理后,AMS 6308钢体现出良好的强韧性匹配。     

焊后热处理对沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响

研究了4种不同的焊后热处理工艺对半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响.结果表明:焊接接头不进行热处理或时效热处理的焊接系数低于0.7,焊接接头进行调整+时效热处理后的焊接系数可达0.9,而对焊接接头进行固溶+调整+时效热处理后焊接系数接近1.接头不进行热处理或者是仅时效热处理时,薄弱区为熔合线靠近母材的区域,组织为奥氏体和少量的铁素体.进行调整+时效热处理或固溶+调整+时效热处理时,熔合线靠近母材侧的组织为板条马氏体、少量的铁素体和沉淀析出相,焊缝的组织为板条马氏体和沉淀析出相,薄弱区消失,焊接系数大幅度提高.     

氧化钍的掺杂方式对碳化钍钨阴极微观组织与力学性能的影响

以固-固与液-固两种掺杂方式研究了氧化钍掺杂对碳化钍钨阴极微观组织与力学性能的影响。利用SEM、EDS与金相显微镜分析了碳化钍钨的显微组织,并用静压力计与冲击试验台测试了两种碳化钍钨阴极的力学性能。研究结果表明,氧化钍的液-固掺杂后钨基体中氧化钍分布的均匀性优于固-固掺杂,且碳化后钍钨阴极的晶粒尺寸明显小于固-固掺杂,抗冲击能量与静压强度均高于固-固掺杂的钍钨阴极。     

Influence of thermomechanical treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HSLA-100 steel plates

The influence of thermomechanical treatment (TMT), i.e., controlled rolling and direct quenching, as a function of rolling temperature and deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HSLA-100 steel have been studied. The optical microstructure of the direct quenched (DQ) and tempered steel rooled at lower temperatures (800 °C and 900 °C) showed elongated and deformed grains, whereas complete equiaxed grains were visible after rolling at 1000 °C. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) microstructure of the 800 °C rooled DQ steel showed shorter, irregular, and closer martensite laths with extremely fine Cu and Nb(C,N) precipitates after tempering at 450 °C. The precipitates coarsened somewhat after tempering at 650 °C; the degree of coarsening was, however, less compared to that of the reheat-quenched (RQ) and tempered steel, indicating that the DQ steel was slightly more resistant to tempering. Similar to the RQ steel, at a 450 °C tempering condition, the DQ steel exhibited peak strength with extremely poor impact toughness. After tempering at 650 °C, the toughness of the DQ steel improved significantly, but at the expense of its strength. In general, the strength of the DQ and tempered steel was good and comparable to that of the RQ and tempered steel, although, its impact toughness was marginally less than the latter. The optimum combination of strength and toughness in the DQ steels was achieved after 900 °C rolling with 50 pct deformation, followed by direct quenching and tempering at 650 °C (yield strength (YS)=903 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS)=928 MPa, and Charpy V-notch (CVN) strength=143 J at −85 °C).     

碳含量对注射成形HK30不锈钢显微组织与力学性能的影响

针对实际生产中注射成形HK30不锈钢碳含量较高导致其性能下降的问题,本研究在喂料中添加石墨来改变注射成形HK30奥氏体不锈钢的碳含量,研究碳含量(质量分数,下同)对HK30不锈钢显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,随碳含量从0.02%增加至0.49%,HK30奥氏体不锈钢的氧含量降低,材料的孔隙减少,相对密度、硬度和抗拉强度都提高;随碳含量增加,不锈钢晶界处逐渐析出M23C6型碳化物,少量晶界碳化物的析出能强化晶界,使材料硬度与强度都显著提高,但碳含量从0.18%增加至0.49%,烧结阶段液相量大幅度增加,材料出现过烧,并且晶界碳化物异常长大,达到3~5μm,材料的伸长率显著减小到26%。当碳含量控制在0.18%时材料性能最优,硬度(HV)达到162.81,相对密度为96.4%,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为589.96 MPa和45.7%。