Synthesis of Y(Al,Cr)O3 red pigments by co-precipitation method and their interactions with glazes

New red pigment based on the system YAl_1−yCr_yO₃ (y = 0.01–0.1) was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The precipitant was attained by mixing solutions of yttrium, aluminum and chromium nitrates, respectively, and addition of ammonia as the precipitator. The effects of chromium as dopant and glaze composition on the color shade of resulting pigments were studied. EDX analysis of the prepared pigment particles, which was embedded in glaze, showed the occurrence of reactions between some glaze constituents and pigment particles. Accordingly, a glaze which was enriched in Al₂O₃ and poor in ZnO was more suitable in point of achieving a reddish shade. The resulting pigments were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and UV–vis spectrophotometer.     

Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)层状纳米陶瓷复合材料的显微结构及弯曲强度

在Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y,即含3%Y2O3,摩尔分数,下同)纳米陶瓷的基础上,以原位合成的Al2O3和Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)纳米粉体为原料,采用干压成型及热压烧结的方法制备了Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)层状纳米陶瓷复合材料,研究了ZrO2(3Y)含量对材料显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:复合材...     

Fabrication, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Cr2O3/ZrO2(2.5Y) Composite Ceramics in the Cr2O3-Rich Region

Intimate mixtures of Cr₂O₃/ZrO₂(2.5Y) in the Cr₂O₃-rich region are produced at low temperatures from amorphous materials prepared by the hydrazine method. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) has been performed for 10 min at 1300°C and 30 MPa. Composite ceramics with homogeneously dispersed fine ZrO₂ (0.2 µm) give 99.8% of theoretical densities. Their mechanical properties are examined in connection with increased ZrO₂ content. A high fracture toughness of 9.3 MPam^1/2 and an excellent bending strength of 1290 MPa are achieved in the composite ceramics containing 50 mol% ZrO₂.     

Preparation of a pigment in the Cr(III)-Co(II)-NO3-H2O system

Joint precipitation of Cr(III) and Co(II) ions at pH = 1.8–12.0 and 2.5–12.0 is investigated. It is established that a Cr₂Co₃O₆ · 10H₂O hydrocomplex precipitates in the Cr(III)-Co(II) -NO₃- H₂O system at pH = 3.0 –10.5 and is dehydrated at 940°C. The compound obtained can be used as a pigment for preparing overglaze paints and color glazes for decorating porcelain, faience, and majolica articles.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 10, pp. 23–24, October, 1995.     

Kinetic effects of substitution Er3+ for Y3+ in (Y1-xErx)3Al5O12 garnet

The crystallization kinetics of erbium-substituted yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) from the amorphous phase was studied depending on the degree of substitution of yttrium by erbium: (Y_1-xEr_x)₃Al₅O₁₂, x = 0 – 0.9. The corresponding series of nanopowders were synthesized using the sol-gel method with binary sols as the starting materials. Crystallized single-phase Er:YAG powders were obtained at temperatures as low as 1370 K through the formation of intermediate phases. The crystallization kinetics of the Er:YAG precursors was analyzed using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. The proposed unified crystallization model, based on which the kinetic parameters of the crystallization process of the Er:YAG from the amorphous phase were determined, depending on the content of erbium oxide. Time-temperature-transformation curves were developed from the obtained data to determine the optimal modes in the heat treatment and sintering of optical ceramics. Er:YAG transparent ceramics were obtained by vacuum sintering of sol-gel powders.     

Synthesis and characterization of Y (In,Mn) O3 blue pigment using the complex polymerization method (CPM)

In this paper, a new synthetic pathway is proposed for the system YIn_1-xMn_xO₃, a bright blue inorganic pigment, discovered in 2009. Blue pigment samples with increasing concentration of Mn³⁺ (x?=?0.08, 0.12 and 0.16) were prepared using the complex polymerization method (CPM) and compared with those synthesized via solid state reaction. All powders, the amorphous precursor from CPM and the starting materials for solid state method, were calcined at 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300?°C for 12?h, and the resulting blue pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), colorimetric system CIE L*a*b* and Near infrared (NIR) reflectance measurements. XRD patterns and Rietveld Refinement show that the lowest temperature at which single hexagonal phase (isostructural to YInO₃) is formed is 1000?°C for CPM method and 1300?°C for conventional solid state method, respectively. The L*a*b* values demonstrate that the coloration of powders prepared by CPM exhibit temperature dependence below 1300?°C, a color shade shift from grayish blue to intense deep blue is observed when heating the samples from 1000 to 1300?°C. Blue pigments obtained by CPM have smaller particle size due to low temperatures and excellent near-infrared reflectance comparable to those by solid state method. Thus, providing advantages for application process and energy efficiency.     

Al2O3掺杂对微晶(Y,Mg)-PSZ材料性能的影响

本文研究了不同Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量掺杂对生晶（Ｙ,Ｍｇ）－ＰＳＺ材料的烧结性,晶粒尺寸及力学性能的影响,实验结果表明：（１）少量掺杂Ａｌ２Ｏ３对材料上述性能有明显影响。Ａｌ２Ｏ３既可抑制晶粒长大,又使常温力学性能有所改善;（２）过量添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３在抑制晶粒长大的同时,也阻碍了烧结致密化,但对材料高温力学性能有明显改善。     

淀粉燃料对多孔Al_2O_3-ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)陶瓷性能的影响

为了提高多孔Al2O3-ZrO2(Y2O3)陶瓷的强度,以尿素和淀粉为燃料,用低温燃烧法合成活性较高的Al2O3-ZrO2(Y2O3)复合粉体,并用此粉体制备了多孔Al2O3-Zr O2(Y2O3)陶瓷,研究燃烧前驱体中淀粉的外加量(质量分数分别为0、15%、25%、35%、45%、55%)对多孔陶瓷显气孔率、抗折强度和显微结构的影响。结果表明:与尿素为燃料相比,以尿素和淀粉为燃料能提高复合粉体的烧结活性,有效改善多孔陶瓷的显微结构,提高多孔陶瓷的抗折强度。     

LED白光照明用(Y0.98-xSrx)3Al5O12:Ce0.06和(Y0.98-xBax)3Al5O12:Ce0.06系列荧光粉的晶相与荧光光谱

本研究采用较温和的高温固相法,用碱土金属离子Sr2+和Ba2+取代Y3+离子进行基质取代,合成了一系列(Y0.98-xSr)3Al5O12:Ce0.06和(Y0.98-xBax)3Al5O12:Ce0.06荧光粉.运用XRD对荧光粉进行了表征,试验结果表明:在一定的掺杂取代范围内,这些体系具有立方石榴石结构.运用荧光光...     

Kinetic study of black (Fe,Cr)2O3 pigment synthesis reaction: influence of composition and particle size

Abstract

The influence of initial Fe₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ mixture particle size and composition on the black (Fe,Cr)₂O₃ pigment synthesis reaction has been studied. An empirical equation is proposed, based on a mathematical expression derived in a previous study,which relates these variables to resulting pigment mass fraction, synthesis time, and temperature in the studied range of operating conditions.     

Processing thin,dense, transparent Ce:Y3Al5O12 films from flame made nanopowders for white light applications

Flame made metal oxide nanopowders enable processing of dense, transparent thin (< 50 μm) films of Ce³⁺ doped Y₃Al₅O₁₂ for white light applications. The addition of very small amounts of SiO₂ (0.14 wt. %) and the use of a final 95:5 N₂:H₂ atmosphere sintering step permits nearly complete removal of pores from films originally sintered in O₂. Furthermore, the introduction of this final step allows reduction in processing temperatures needed to effect Ce⁴⁺ reduction to Ce³⁺ by several hundred degrees below typical temperatures of >1600 °C. At 20–50 μm, the reported films are also much thinner than previously reported for the same materials normally produced by solid state reactions of micron size powders. Spectrofluorometric measurements of the dense transparent films exhibit excitation spectra centered around 450 nm and broad emission spectra in the 470–750 nm range with two peaks centered at 537 and 570 nm, confirming their applicability as a phosphor for white light emitting diodes.     

W/O型微乳液碳化法制备超细氢氧化铝与氧化铝粉体

PEG 正丁醇／正庚烷／水溶液(铝酸钠)体系W／O微乳液中通入二氧化碳，焙烧后制备出了纯度大于99.9％、粒度小于80nm的氢氧化铝与氧化铝纳米粉体，实验结果表明乳化温度、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂之比及水相的浓度是决定粉体粒度的主要影响因素。     

CaMnxZr(1-x)O3: A novel NTC thermo-sensitive ceramic for applications in a wide temperature range

The perovskite CaMn_xZr_(1-x)O₃ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) (CMZO) NTC (Negative Thermal Coefficient) thermo-sensitive ceramic were prepared by the solid phase method that can be used as high temperature thermistor materials in the range of 200–1200 °C.The XRD pattern showed that CMZO is a finite solid solution and that a second phase, CaMnO₃, will be formed after exceeding the solid solution limit (i.e., at x = 0.1). The thermal constant B value was found to decrease from 19521 K to 9217–9535 K, with a corresponding decrease in activation energy, E_a, from 1.69 eV to 0.82 eV. The Nyquist plot indicates that the grain boundary resistance determines the overall complex impedance. Moreover, the aging drift rate (ΔR/R₀) was found to be lower than 4.3%, which is an indication of an excellent high temperature stability of the CMZO ceramic material.     

Preparation of slag glass ceramic from electric arc furnace slag,quartz sand and talc under various MgO/Al2O3 ratios

Electric arc furnace slag, quartz sand and talc were combined to prepare slag glass ceramic. The crystallisation behaviour, microstructure, main mechanical properties and chromium solidification performance of glass ceramics were investigated as a function of MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio through differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing. FactSage software was introduced to calculate the batch viscosity. It is established that there is a mutual suppression agreement between MgO and Al₂O₃. As for the chromium solidification performance, the result of acid leachability was almost consistent with the variation of mechanical properties. The alkaline leachability was near to zero. In all the investigated glass ceramics, samples with 1:1 and 1:2 MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio values demonstrate excellent mechanical properties and fixing capacity for chromium.     

Optical properties of transparent polycrystalline ruby (Cr:Al2O3) fabricated by high-pressure spark plasma sintering

Doped transparent ceramics with high optical quality can serve as materials for photonic applications such as laser gain media. In that regard, transparent polycrystalline alumina has potential for high-power applications due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, combined with unique doping possibilities. However, optical birefringence of Al₂O₃ crystals make achieving sufficiently high optical transmittance a processing challenge. In the present study, we demonstrated fabrication of highly transparent 0.5 at.% Cr:Al₂O₃ ceramics by high-pressure spark plasma sintering (HPSPS). The optical properties of these polycrystalline ruby ceramics were analyzed in order to assess possible laser operation (at 694.3 nm). The obtained ceramics exhibit high in-line transmittance (～72.5 % at 700 nm), equivalent to a scattering coefficient of 2.15 cm^?1, and characteristic ruby photoluminescence. The theoretically estimated lasing threshold and percentage of absorbed pump power indicate that such ruby ceramic lasers could operate at reasonable thresholds of 80?225 mW with short lengths of 0.5?5 mm. Thus, HPSPS is a promising method for producing laser-quality doped transparent ceramics for compact laser systems.     

Dispersion efficiency of powders of the Al2O3-(ZrO2+Y2O3) system obtained by the plasma-chemical method

The method of electron microscopy is used to study the morphology and fraction composition of powders of the Al₂O₃-(ZrO₂+Y₂O₃) system subjected to mechanical, electric pulse, and explosion dispersion caused by the dosed addition of ammonium nitrate into the reaction zone during the oxide synthesis. The explosion method is given preference. The use of powders dispersed by the explosion method markedly improves the properties of sintered ceramics.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 8, pp. 23–24, August, 1995.The authors are grateful to A. I. Slosman for cooperation in preparing this work.