电弧超声对SiC_p/AlMMCs焊缝组织与性能的影响

以Ti合金作为填加材料,以氮氩混合气作为离子气,对SiCp/6061Al基复合材料进行电弧超声等离子弧原位合金化焊接,研究了电弧超声对等离子弧焊接头组织和性能的影响.结果表明,在不加超声时,焊缝中新生AlN相呈细长条状,Al3Ti相粗大,TiC,TiN等新生增强颗粒分布不均匀;在加入超声后,焊缝组织细密,TiC,TiN,AlN等增强相呈细小颗粒状存在,数量增加,且分布均匀,Al3Ti相尺寸减小,数量减少,从而有效改善了焊接接头的组织和性能,使焊接接头抗拉强度最大值达到225MPa,比不加超声时提高了约7%.     

Ti-Al-Si-Mg对SiCp/Al基复合材料等离子弧原位焊接焊缝组织和性能的影响

以填充自制药芯铝焊丝的形式向熔池内部直接添加Ti,Al,Si,Mg等金属元素,用氩氮混合等离子气体对SiCp/Al基复合材料进行等离子弧原位焊接.分析了Ti-Al-Si-Mg以及它们的氧化物对焊缝组织和性能的影响.结果表明,以Ti-Al-Si-Mg作为原位反应填充材料,可以有效抑制针状脆生相Al4C3的生成,改善熔池流...     

超声频电弧对SiCp/6061Al等离子弧焊缝微观组织的影响

应用高通滤波器原理设计了一台隔离耦合装置,实现了交流弧焊电源与高频 激励源的隔离与耦合,成功在交流电弧中激励出超声波.以自主研制的A1-5Ti-5Si药芯焊丝为填充材料对SiCp/6061A1基复合材料进行等离子弧原位合金化焊接,在不同频率电弧超声作用下研究了电弧超声频率对焊缝组织的影响.对比0(不加超声),30,40...     

钛/铝异种合金电弧熔钎焊接头界面特征及力学性能

采用AlSi5焊丝和交流TIG电弧实现了TC4钛合金和6056铝合金的熔钎焊连接,通过金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和拉伸试验等方法评价了接头界面微观组织特征和力学性能.结果表明,当焊接电流为30,40和60 A时,界面反应层分别呈棒状、块状和锥状分布,过大的热输入使界面产生了粗大柱状金属间化合物层,冷却时在焊接内应力作用下产生了冷裂纹.金属间化合物主要为TiAl3相,Si元素偏聚其内形成过饱和固溶体.接头强度-焊接电流曲线出现了两次峰值强度.焊接电流为30 A时,熔钎焊接头平均抗拉强度为103 MPa.焊接电流为60 A时,电弧形态扩张使能量密度降低,接头强度出现第二次峰值.     

等离子弧焊接SiCp/Al基复合材料焊缝“原位”合金化分析

采用等离子弧焊焊接SiCp／Al基复合材料,以Ar＋N2为离子气,并以Ti作为合金化填充材料,研究了焊缝“原位”合金化元素Ti对焊缝显微组织的影响。结果表明,采用焊缝原位合金化方法焊接SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料（sicp／A1MMCs）,可以有效抑制焊缝中针状脆性相Al4C3的形成,并且由于耶的加入,改善了增强相和Al基体之间的润湿性,形成了稳定的熔池,得到以均匀分布的TiN、AlN等为增强相的新型铝基复合材料焊缝,焊接性能得到有效提高。同时还研究了Ti的添加量对焊缝显微组织的影响,结果发现,随着耶含量的增加,焊缝中还生成如Ti5Si3等新的增强相。焊缝“原位”合金化等离子弧焊接是焊接SiCp／Al基复合材料的一种新方法。     

Effect of hot dip aluminising on interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al joint by TIG arc welding brazing

Abstract

The joint of Al 5A06 and aluminised Ti–6Al–4V dissimilar alloys was achieved by means of tungsten inert gas arc welding brazing. The effect of aluminized coating on the spreading behaviour of filler metal on Ti substrate was studied. The spreadability of liquid filler metal on the Ti substrate was enhanced obviously due to the presence of aluminised coating. The interfacial reaction layer was characterised by a uniform lamellar layer of TiAl₃ intermetallic, with a thickness of 1 μm. Sound joints with well appearance were obtained, and the optimised tensile strength of the joint reached 216 MPa. The failure initiated from the interfacial layer at the root face and then propagated within the weld seam at the upper part of the joint. Capable welding parameters were broadened by the presence of aluminised coating for dissimilar metal joining of Ti/Al.     

Influence of alloy elements on microstructure and mechanical property of aluminum–steel lap joint made by gas metal arc welding

5052 aluminum alloy sheets and galvanized mild steel sheets were joined in lap configuration by alternate-current double pulse gas metal arc welding with pure Al, Al–5Si, Al–12Si and Al–4.5Mg (wt%) filler wires. The effect of alloying elements on the microstructure of intermetallic compounds (IMC) layers formed between weld seam and steel, and tensile strength of the resultant joints were investigated. The thickness of IMC layer in all samples varied along the cross-section of the joint, the intermediate part of the IMC layer was thicker than the head and root parts. The diffusion of Si into Fe₂Al₅ sub-layer could restrain the growth of Fe₂Al₅ sub-layer and IMC layer, and joint's mechanical property improved with the increasing Si content in Fe₂Al₅ phase. Due to the high hot crack sensitivity of Al–4.5Mg alloy, cracks generated at the root of joint made with Al–4.5Mg filler, resulting in poor mechanical property.     

Effect of alloying elements of steel wire on the structure and properties of coatings in electric arc spraying

This paper reports the results of a comparison between the mechanical characteristics of butt joints in 3.0 mm thick Ti6Al4V titanium alloy sheets, made by laser welding with no filler material and by laser–arc hybrid welding. Vickers hardness tests have been performed on cross-sections of the beads obtained. In particular, the influence of the gap between the sheets in test welds performed using CO₂ laser–MIG hybrid welding has been analysed. Cross-sections of the weld beads obtained with several different gap sizes have been analysed morphologically. The welded joints have been subjected to draw testing, and joint deformation behaviour has been analysed using an optical deformation measurement system based on stereoscopic image capture (ARAMIS 3D analysis system).     

Investigation on TIG arc welding–brazing of Ti/Al dissimilar alloys with Al based fillers

Abstract

Dissimilar alloys of Ti–6Al–4V and 5A06 Al were butt joined by Al based fillers using a novel TIG welding process, referred to as keyhole arc welding–brazing. The flow behaviour of weld pool was introduced, which was characterised by the formation of a keyhole under the tungsten electrode. It was found that porosity tended to be produced in the middle of the fusion line, while adding elements prevented its formation. At brazing interface, interfacial reaction at root face was enhanced, and a uniform serrated layer, identified as TiAl₃, was obtained by pure Al fillers. When Al–Cu–La fillers were used, block Ti₂Al₂₀La phases appeared at the interface between the TiAl₃ layer and the brazed seam. Compared to joints brazed by pure Al fillers, the formation of Ti₂Al₂₀La reduced the hardness of the interfacial layer by more than half, while Al₂Cu increased that of the brazed seam by ～50%. The tensile strength of Ti/Al joints reached 270 MPa.     

Effect of lattice matching degree and intermetallic compound on the properties of Mg/Al dissimilar material welded joints

The welding of Mg/Al dissimilar materials with different filler metal was investigated, and the quantities and kinds of intermetallic compounds were discussed. In addition, the matching degrees between base metal and intermetallic compounds were defined and calculated, and the effect of different quantities of each intermetallic compound on the property of welded seam was investigated. The results indicated that the welded seam was composed of Al₃Mg₂ and Al₁₂Mg₁₇ by Mg/Al directly gas tungsten arc butt welding, and only one intermetallic compound of MgZn₂ formed in the welding seam using Zn and Zn–xAl filler metal. The tensile strengths of the joints increased with the increase of the matching degrees between the intermetallic compounds and the base metal when the welded seam contained different intermetallic compound. Meanwhile, the tensile strengths of the joints are decreased with the increase of intermetallic compound content when the welded seams contained the seam intermetallic compound.     

不平衡因子对药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊焊缝金属韧度的影响

研究了由氮化物形成元素Al,Ti等控制的不平衡因子B对低合金药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊缝金属韧度的作用.结果表明,在药芯具有氧化性的条件下,不平衡因子B对焊缝金属韧度的作用仍然明显.并且相比实心焊丝CO2气体保护焊而言,不平衡因子B的最佳值增大了.分析表明,药芯焊丝自身的氧化性是不平衡因子B增大的原因.在不平衡因子B由小增加到最佳值的过程中,焊缝金属组织由粒状贝氏体 板条铁素体逐渐向以夹杂物为核心的针状铁素体组织发展,由此其韧度逐渐改善;而当不平衡因子B超过最佳值较多时,过剩的氮化物形成元素进入铁素体固溶而导致脆化.     

焊丝成分对SiCp/6061Al复合材料MIG焊焊缝组织及性能的影响

采用Al-Mg及Al—Si两种焊丝分别对SiCp／6061Al复合材料进行了MIG焊及脉冲MIG焊，利用光学显微镜、电子显微镜及MTS-810试验机对焊缝的组织及性能进行了分析。结果表明，采用Al—Mg焊丝焊接时，无论是MIG焊还是脉冲MIG焊，熔池中Al-SiC间的界面反应程度均较大，生成了较多的针状Al4C3，且Al4C3的尺寸较大。采用Al-Si焊丝时，MIG焊熔池中的界面反应程度显著降低，仅生成了少量尺寸较小的针状Al4C3；而采用Al—Si焊丝的脉冲MIG焊焊缝中没有发现针状Al4C3。同时，利用Al—Si焊丝可有效地防止焊缝熄弧处的宏观结晶裂纹。力学性能试验表明，采用同样焊丝时，脉冲MIG焊接头的强度及伸长率比MIG焊接头的高，而用Al-Si焊丝焊接的接头强度比用Al—Mg焊丝焊接的接头强度高。     

Interface properties and thermodynamic analysis of laser–arc hybrid welded Al/steel joint

Abstract

Fibre laser–cold metal transfer hybrid welding was introduced to join AA 6061 aluminium alloy with AISI 304 stainless steel using Al–12Si filler wire. Interface properties and microstructure of welded joints were observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction techniques. A serrated intermetallic compound (IMC) layer was found at the interface between fusion zone and stainless steel. The morphology of IMC layer was uniform from the top to the bottom, and its average thickness was 3 μm. The IMC layer consisted of two layers: Al₈(Fe,Cr)₂Si layer close to fusion zone and (Al,Si)₁₃Fe₄ layer close to stainless steel. The joint fractured at the IMC layer and presented a tensile strength of 165 MPa. The formation of the IMC layer was closely related with the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviours of the interface and fast cooling rate of hybrid welding.     

Al6061/TA2异种金属冷金属过渡焊接性分析

以AlSi₅ 焊丝对6061铝合金和TA2纯钛进行CMT熔钎焊,采用SEM,EDS分析焊接接头的微观组织特征,并通过拉伸试验对接头进行力学性能评定.结果表明,焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形美观.所得到的焊接接头具有熔焊和钎焊两部分,其中局部熔化的铝母材与熔融的焊丝混合后形成焊缝,焊缝金属与微熔的钛母材形成三个钎焊界面.钎焊界面主要成分为TiAl₃金属间化合物,其厚度较薄.此外,界面附近还有一些随机分布的棒状的TiAl₃金属间化合物.焊接过程中,随着焊丝偏移量的增加,焊缝力学性能提高.参数优化后的接头抗拉强度较高,且断裂在铝热影响区.     

7A52铝合金-钢异种结构CMT熔钎焊接头组织及镀镍层的行为与影响

以ER4043铝硅焊丝为填充金属,研究了Q235钢螺柱与7A52铝合金板CMT焊接工艺,在焊接电流115~135 A,电弧电压14.5~16.5 V,焊接速度0.3 m/min条件下,焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形连续美观.结果表明,7A52铝合金侧熔合区界面为熔焊特征,铝母材发生熔合,熔合良好;钢螺柱侧熔合区为钎焊特征,界面存在反应层,由靠近钢螺柱的Fe₂Al₅层和靠近焊缝侧的FeAl₃层组成,整体反应层厚度由根趾向焊趾方向逐渐减小.焊趾部位出现富镍区,主要由Al₃Ni的共晶组织及少量Al₃Ni₂组成.与无镀镍层焊缝比较表明,镀镍层在焊接过程的行为降低了界面反应层厚度,且通过形成富镍区,降低了接头的脆性,使接头抗剪切强度提高了15%~19%,最高达到146.9 MPa,满足了高强铝合金螺柱焊接的质量要求.     

Gas metal arc brazing of galvannealed steel sheets

An advanced gas metal arc welding technique with controlled short-circuiting mode of metal transfer and arcing at low power was employed for brazing of galvannealed steels using CuSi3 filler wire. The brazed joints showed the presence of an interface layer with Fe–Si intermetallic compounds (IMC). Increase in heat input resulted in an increase of the interface layer thickness. The maximum failure load of 2.5?kN was achieved for a heat input of 105?J?mm^?1 with the corresponding interface layer thickness of 2.7?µm. Heat inputs beyond 105?J?mm^?1 led to excessive spatter of zinc and increase in interface layer thickness with hard Si-rich IMC. In contrast, heat input values lower than 80?J?mm^?1 produced inadequate wetting of the steel surface by the molten filler wire deposit and resulted in low joint strength.     

Ti/Al异种合金电弧熔钎焊接头界面断裂行为分析

采用TIG电弧的方法实现了钛合金与铝合金熔钎焊连接,分析了不同焊丝形成的熔钎焊接头的界面组织和断裂特征.结果表明,纯铝接头界面为单一的TiAl3相,裂纹主要沿着TiAl3反应层与焊缝之间的界面扩展.拉伸时首先从坡口拐角启裂,当裂纹扩展至接头反面时,断裂扩展形式转变为从焊缝金属撕裂,接头抗拉强度为139MPa.添加Al-Cu-La焊丝的接头界面结构为TiAl3+ Ti2Al20La双化合物层,拉伸时沿TiAl3反应层与钛合金界面开裂,以界面内的微裂纹为裂纹源并向反应层内扩展,属于准解理断裂,接头抗拉强度达270 MPa.稀土La元素作用下形成的双化合物层是提高接头强度的关键.     

Search for filler metal for welding of ferrous alloys to titanium

Abstract

The use of a filler metal to facilitate the gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of ferrous alloys to titanium alloys has been investigated. Semi-empirical rules have been applied to identify alloying elements that would resolve the important problems of brittle intermetallic formation and weld cracking. Vanadium was found appropriate. The GTA welds between a low carbon steel and Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al made with a vanadium filler wire resisted cracking better than comparable autogenous welds. However, the presence of a hard, brittle eutectic microconstituent along the ferrous side of the fusion boundary drastically limited the gain in weldability. As anticipated, analysis of GTA welds produced with vanadium filler wire suggested the presence of a ternary (Fe,Ti,V) single phase. Although cracking was reduced with vanadium, the practical benefit of a vanadium filler wire for GTA welding is small because the weld metals remain very hard and brittle.     

热处理对SiCp/6061Al基复合材料等离子弧焊接头性能的影响

热处理对SiCp/6061Al基复合材料等离子弧原位焊接接头组织与性能的影响较为明显,固溶处理 时效与退火相比,前者对接头的改善作用更佳.经500 ℃固溶处理2 h 12 h时效热处理后,接头组织得到良好的改善,细长的Al3Ti相变为短小棒状,消除了晶间偏析,组织更加均匀;热影响区组织中晶粒均得到比较明显的细化,比较接近母材晶粒的大小,焊接接头强度较未热处理时有了较大提高,达到245 MPa.     

Visualization of gas metal arc welding on globular to spray transition current

The transfer modes in gas metal arc welding have important effects on welding quality. However, present study of metal transfer modes is not yet fully understood. In this study, welding arcs was visualised using the optical emission spectroscopy technique. The carbon steel wire electrode was used for welding with 80% Ar?+?20% CO₂ shielding gas. The results showed that the globular to spray transition current was 330–350?A. During globular to spray transition, argon,CO₂ and Fe plasma tended to gradually change from localising near the arc axis to a two-layer structure having 11,000?K in high-temperature region away from the arc axis and around 7000?K in low-temperature region near the arc axis.