新型耐磨白口铸铁的研究

研究以硼化物为耐磨相的新型耐磨白口铸铁的组织特点与力学性能.研究结果表明:该类白口铸铁在铸态时由枝晶状基体和晶间共晶硼化物组成.共晶硼化物具有M2B型晶体结构,其显微硬度较高,且分布形态与高铬白口铸铁中的碳化物类似;基体由马氏体和少量的珠光体组成.热处理后,硼化物形态基本不变,基体大部分转变成为板条状马氏体,并且在基体中析出尺寸不同的两种颗粒.该类白口铸铁具有优良的硬度和韧性组合,还有良好的淬透性,是一种很有前途的耐磨材料.     

含钨量对铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨铸铁组织和硬度的影响

铸态合金耐磨铸铁适用于大型或复杂结构耐磨件。通过金相组织观察、X射线衍射相结构分析、图像分析仪定量金相测试和力学性能检测,研究了含钨量对铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨铸铁组织、结构和硬度的影响规律。结果表明,在含0～2.79%W的范围内,随着含W量的增加,铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的初生基体数量减少,共晶团数量增加,共晶碳化物数量增加;铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的碳化物结构类型没有改变,M7C3型碳化物为共晶碳化物;铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁基体的奥氏体比例增加,马氏体减少。马氏体多位于共晶团,即共晶碳化物周围。铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的硬度由共晶碳化物数量和硬度以及基体中奥氏体和马氏体数量比共同决定。     

Correlation of microstructure with the wear resistance and fracture toughness of white cast iron alloys

The objective of this investigation was to set down (on the basis of the results obtained by the examination of white cast iron alloys with different contents of alloying elements) a correlation between chemical composition and microstructure, on one hand, and the properties relevant for this group of materials, i.e., wear resistance and fracture toughness, on the other. Experimental results indicate that the volume fraction of the eutectic carbide phase (M₃C or M₇C₃) have an important influence on the wear resistance of white iron alloys under low-stress abrasion conditions. Besides, the martensitic or martensite-austenitic matrix microstructure more adequately reinforced the eutectic carbides, minimizing cracking and removal during wear, than did the austenitic matrix. The secondary carbides which precipitate in the matrix regions of high chromium iron also influence the abrasion behaviour. The results of fracture toughness tests show that the dynamic fracture toughness in white irons is determined mainly by the properties of the matrix. The high chromium iron containing 1.19 wt% V in the as-cast condition, showed the greater fracture toughness when compared to other experimental alloys. The higher toughness was attributed to strengthening during fracture, since very fine secondary carbide particles were present mainly in an austenitic matrix.     

热处理对3Cr14Mn4B高铬铸铁硬化行为的影响

通过对高铬铸铁3Cr14Mn4B的硬度和磁性的测量,研究了高铬铸铁经亚临界处理、去稳处理及深冷处理后的组织和硬度变化,分析了高铬铸铁残余奥氏体和马氏体的相组成对高铬铸铁硬度的影响。结果表明,高铬铸铁的显微组织主要由马氏体、少量的奥氏体和(Cr,Fe)7C3共晶碳化物组成。在亚临界处理的情况下,空冷时高铬铸铁的硬度随亚临界处理温度的增加而先升高后降低,深冷处理后的硬度高于空冷时的,但当温度高于550℃时,深冷处理后的硬度低于空冷时的。高铬铸铁的硬度随去稳处理温度的升高略有升高,并且经深冷处理后的试样硬度比空冷高。经不同的热处理后,高铬铸铁的硬度主要受铸铁基体的马氏体含量和马氏体中的含碳量的影响。最佳的热处理工艺是在550℃进行亚临界处理。     

离心铸造高铬合金铸铁气门座圈的组织及耐磨性能研究

采用离心铸造制备两种高铬合金铸铁气门座圈.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、洛氏硬度计和扫描电镜(SEM),对气门座圈铸态及热处理态后的试样物相组成、金相组织、力学性能及拉伸断口形貌进行了观察和分析,同时在销盘式摩擦磨损试验机上对高铬合金铸铁气门座圈的耐磨性能进行了磨损试验.结果表明,热处理前高铬合金铸铁主要为由...     

盐浴等温淬火对高合金白口铸铁组织及性能的影响

研究了盐浴等温淬火对高合金白口铸铁组织和性能的影响。结果表明：不同温度盐浴淬火，高合金白口铸铁共晶碳化物形态及分布基本没有变化，基体组织是过冷奥氏体在不同温度下的转变产物；盐浴等温淬火可提高高合金白口铸铁的冲击韧性及耐磨损性能。随着盐浴等温淬火温度的提高，高合金白口铸铁冲击韧性、硬度有所下降。     

Microstructure and wear resistance of highchromium cast iron containing niobium

In the paper, the effect of niobium addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of high chromium cast iron has been studied. The results show that the microstructure of the heattreated alloys is composed of M7C3 and M23C6 types primary carbide, eutectic carbide, secondary carbide and a matrix of martensite and retained austenite. NbC particles appear both inside and on the edge of the primary carbides. The hardness of the studied alloys maintains around 66 HRC, not significantly affected by the Nb content within the selected range of 0.48%-0.74%. The impact toughness of the alloys increases with increasing niobium content. The wear resistance of the specimens presents little variation in spite of the increase of Nb content under a light load of 40 N. However, when heavier loads of 70 and 100 N are applied, the wear resistance increases with increasing Nb content.     

Fe-C-Cr-Mn系亚稳奥氏体基耐磨铸造合金的开发

亚稳奥氏体基加Ｍ７Ｃ３型共昌碳化物双相结构白口铁基铸造合金具有良好的耐磨性和较高的冲击韧性。利用该理论开发了Ｆｅ－Ｃ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｎ系新型亚稳奥氏体基耐磨合金。通过滑动磨损试验发现，它们的耐磨性优于传统耐磨材料Ｃｒ２５这种新材料的使用对节省能源有重要意义。     

多元合金元素对高铬白口铸铁铸态组织和性能的影响

本文研究了多元合金对高铬白口铸铁铸态组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明Mo、V、Ti、Cu等合金元素以一定的比例配合使用,有效地改变了基体组织,改善了共晶碳化物的形貌与分布,并显著提高了其铸态冲击韧性和耐磨性。     

固-液复合铸造锤头的组织与性能

研究高铬铸铁-碳钢固-液复合铸造锤头的组织及硬度分布特征。结果表明,固-液复合铸造高铬铸铁锤头部分具有较高的硬度,远离复合面高铬铸铁硬度增加,碳钢硬度降低。远离复合面高铬铸铁组织为M7C3型碳化物+回火马氏体+残余奥氏体,固-液复合铸造高铬铸铁组织中碳化物有定向分布的趋势,有利于提高锤头的耐磨性;远离复合面碳钢部分的组织为珠光体和较多的铁素体,复合面附近碳钢组织珠光体数量明显增加,铁素体数量明显减小,高铬铸铁中的碳通过复合界面向碳钢进行扩散。     

含钨量对淬回火290Cr26MoW耐磨铸铁组织和力学性能的影响

高碳量高铬钼钨耐磨铸铁是一类新的耐磨材料。通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)组织观察、X射线衍射相结构分析、图像分析仪定量金相测试和力学性能检测,研究了含钨量对淬回火290Cr26MoW耐磨铸铁组织、结构、硬度和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,在含W为0～2.79%时,随着含W量的增加,淬回火态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的二次碳化物结构类型没有改变,二次碳化物为M23C6型结构,二次碳化物数量增加,淬回火态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的硬度提高。高硬度高铬钼钨耐磨铸铁硬度61.3～63.2HRC,冲击韧度3～4J/cm2,综合力学性能较好。290Cr26MoW2.79铸铁的硬度超过63HRC,可用于冲刷磨损(磨蚀)等严酷磨损工况。     

Control of graphite formation in solidification of white cast iron

Abstract

Graphite formation should be strictly suppressed for the most abrasion resistant white cast irons, since austenite (γ)+graphite eutectic structure shows lower hardness and selectively wears thus deteriorates the abrasion resistance even though the austenite transform to hard phase such as martensite. On the other hand, a small amount of fine graphite is desired to distribute in rolls for hot steel mills to suppress the scoring. However, strong carbide formers such as Cr, V, Nb have been increasingly added to rolls, in order to crystallise more harder carbides. As γ+carbide eutectic grows, the residual liquid among eutectic cells becomes poor in carbide formers and rich in elements which promote graphite formation. Therefore an appropriate alloy design is essential for the hot steel milling rolls. In this study, the graphite formation mechanisms are discussed for chromium cast iron, high speed steel type cast iron and Ni hard type cast iron.     

高Cr白口铸铁破碎机锤头的研究及应用

为降低高Cr白口铸铁破碎机锤头的生产成本,在不加Mo仅加质量分数0.3%的Cu的条件下,采用含有Ti、B、RE的变质剂进行变质处理以及油中淬火的热处理工艺,细化了共晶组织及初晶碳化物,得到了马氏体基体,破碎机锤头的硬度达到63~67 HRC,冲击值在15~20 J/cm2,提高了锤头使用寿命。     

含Nb、W高铬铸铁溜槽衬板的研制

针对炼铁高炉布料溜槽衬板耐磨损和耐中（高）温的性能要求,对材料的化学成分、力学性能及显微组织进行了分析探讨,研制生产出含Nb、W高铬铸铁溜槽衬板,通过规范热处理,使材料硬度〉63HRC,冲击韧度aK〉24J／cm^2。与Cr20MoNi和Cr26MoNi相比,其晶粒细化,基体和共晶碳化物显微硬度明显提高,且高温组织稳定性和红硬性更好。     

C、Cr、Si、Mn对低铬白口铸铁组织和力学性能的影响

应用湿砂铸型浇注低铬白口铸铁，采用正交试验研究了C、Cr、Si、Mn对低铬白口铸铁组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：含碳量2．4％和2．7％时碳化物基本上是呈网状分布的，形成了离异共晶的网状碳化物组织；而含碳量3．0％时，离异共晶组织不再出现。高碳、低硅、高铬和低锰有利于提高硬度；低碳、低硅、中铬和高锰有利于提高冲击韧度；高碳、低硅、低铬和高锰有利提高耐磨性。新开发的低铬白、口铸铁的硬度、冲击韧度和耐磨性远高于目前在生产排沙潜水泵过流部件中所使用材料的各项性能，使用寿命是其5倍左右。     

Effect of TiC Particle Additions on Structure and Properties of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron

The present work studies the effects of titanium carbide (TiC) particle additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron containing about 20%Cr and 4.0%C by the optical microscopy (OM), the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the digital image analysis system, impact tester, and hardness tester. The carbides of high chromium cast iron are refined gradually and the shape of the primary M₇C₃-type carbides became more isotropic with the increase of TiC particles. When the addition of TiC particles exceeds 1.0 wt.%, the change of microstructure is not obvious. The hardness of high chromium cast iron has a slight increase and impact toughness has a obvious increase with the increase of TiC additions. However, when the addition of TiC particles exceeds 1.0 wt.%, the impact toughness has no obvious change.     

W对铸态高铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察显微组织,X射线衍射分析相组成,并测定洛氏硬度、冲击韧度及耐磨性,研究了w(W)量对高铬铸铁组织及性能的影响。结果表明:含钨高铬铸铁的铸态组织为马氏体+奥氏体+碳化物;W在碳化物和基体中均匀分布,w(W)量为1%时,高铬铸铁硬度为58.75HRC,冲击韧度为11.18J/cm~2;w(W)量达到3%时,高铬铸铁冲击韧度明显下降;w(W)量在0~3%范围内渐增时,随着w(W)量的增加,耐磨性不断提高。     

稀土对高铬白口铸铁CCT曲线及组织性能的影响

应用Ｇｌｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟试验机测定了１５％Ｃｒ高铬白口铸铁的ＣＣＴ曲线,研究了微量稀土对高铬白口铸铁ＣＣＴ曲线及组织性能的影响。结果表明,稀土能增加过冷奥氏体的稳定性,使ＣＣＴ曲线右移;稀土使共晶碳化物形态及分布明显改善,基体组织显著细化。添加适量的稀土,使高铬白口铸铁铸态及热处理态的冲击韧度进一步提高。     

淬火处理对轧辊用高硼高速钢组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、硬度计及MM-200磨损试验机,研究了淬火温度对轧辊用高硼高速钢显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,高硼高速钢的铸态组织由马氏体、铁素体、珠光体和沿晶界呈连续网状分布的共晶硼碳化物组成,共晶硼碳化物主要是M2B和M7(C,B)3;随着淬火温度的升高,基体全部转变成为马氏体,并有二次硼碳化物M23(C,B)6析出;高硼高速钢的硬度和耐磨性随着淬火温度的升高而明显增加,在1150℃淬火时硬度最高、耐磨性最好。     

锰对低铬白口铸铁组织及硬度的影响

系统研究了Ｍｎ对水平连铸低铬白口铸铁铸态及正火态组织和硬度的影响。结果表明，Ｍｎ＞２．０％之后对组织有较大影响，由于出现（Ｍ＋Ａ）组成物，使基体硬度显著提高，这将大大改善了低铬白口铸铁中碳化物与基体硬度的相对关系。试验证实，Ｍｎ＞３％之后明显改善硬度分布均匀性。还讨论了使低铬锰白口铸铁具有最佳综合性能的合理含Ｍｎ量范围