Shrinkage cracking of lightweight concrete made with cold-bonded fly ash aggregates

Shrinkage cracking performance of lightweight concrete (LWC) has been investigated experimentally on ring-type specimens. LWCs with and without silica fume were produced at water-cementitious material ratios (w/cm) of 0.32 to 0.55 with cold-bonded fly ash coarse aggregates and natural sand. Coarse aggregate volume ratios were 30%, 45%, and 60% of the total aggregate volume in the mixtures. A total of 12 lightweight aggregate concrete mixtures was cast and tested for compressive strength, static elastic modulus, split-tensile strength, free shrinkage, weight loss, creep, and restrained shrinkage. It was found that the crack opening on ring specimens was wider than 2 mm for all concretes. Free shrinkage, weight loss, and maximum crack width increased, while compressive and split-tensile strengths, static elastic modulus, and specific creep decreased with increasing coarse aggregate content. The use of silica fume improved the mechanical properties but negatively affected the shrinkage performance of LWCs. Shrinkage cracking performance of LWCs was significantly poorer than normal weight concrete (NWC).     

基于正交试验的透水再生混凝土性能优化试验研究

透水混凝土在缓解城市内涝、噪音效应和热岛效应等方面具有广泛的应用前景,但多孔导致的强度偏低限制了其进一步推广应用。本文采用再生粗骨料和聚丙烯纤维配制高性能透水再生混凝土,设计五因素四水平正交试验,采用极差法分析水胶比、目标孔隙率、再生粗骨料取代率、粉煤灰掺量和聚丙烯纤维掺量对透水再生混凝土抗压强度、有效孔隙率、透水系数的影响规律。结果表明：透水再生混凝土抗压强度影响因素的主次顺序为目标孔隙率>再生粗骨料取代率>水胶比>聚丙烯纤维掺量>粉煤灰掺量;透水再生混凝土抗压强度最大为48.26 MPa,此时透水系数为1.96 mm/s;随着目标孔隙率的提高抗压强度呈线性下降的趋势;40%再生粗骨料等质量取代天然粗骨料后,透水再生混凝土的抗压强度达到28.7 MPa,提高119.08%,透水系数增加9.44%;掺入0.11%体积掺量的聚丙烯纤维后透水再生混凝土的抗压强度达到27.4 MPa,提高幅度为10.48%,而且透水性能不会降低。研究结果可以为高性能透水再生混凝土的制备提供依据。     

Properties of volcanic pumice based cement and lightweight concrete

The results of investigations on the suitability of using volcanic pumice (VP) as cement replacement material and as coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete production are reported. Tests were conducted on cement by replacing 0% to 25% of cement by weight and on concrete by replacing 0% to 100% of coarse aggregate by volume. The physical and chemical properties of VP are critically reviewed to evaluate the possible influence on both fresh and hardened state of cement and concrete. The standard tests on different Portland cement-volcanic pumice powder (VPP) mixes provided encouraging results and showed good potential of manufacturing Portland volcanic pumice cement (PVPC) with higher setting time using up to 15% of VPP. The properties of volcanic pumice concrete (VPC) using different percentages of volcanic pumice aggregate (VPA) were evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on workability, strength, drying shrinkage, surface absorption and water permeability. It is concluded that the VPC has sufficient strength and adequate density to be accepted as structural lightweight concrete. However, compared to control concrete, the VPC has lower modulus of elasticity and has more permeability and initial surface absorption.     

The effects of different fine and coarse pumice aggregate/cement ratios on the structural concrete properties without using any admixtures

Structural lightweight concrete solves weight and durability problems in buildings and structures. In order to produce the high strength concrete in the civil engineering applications, lightweight concrete mixtures containing the fine pumice aggregate (FPA) from Nev°ehir region in Turkey and coarse pumice aggregate (CPA) from Yali Island in the Eastern Mediterranean were tested and the research findings were discussed in this paper. To analyse the effects of FPA and CPA/cement ratios on the structural concrete engineering properties, the range of different pumice aggregate/cement (A/C) ratios of 2:1, 2 1/2:1, 3:1, 3 1/2:1 and 4:1 by weight and cement contents of 440, 375, 320, 280 and 245 kg/m³, respectively, were used to make pumice aggregate lightweight concrete (PALC) mixture testing samples with a slump of from 35 to 45 mm.The experimental research findings showed that PALC has strengths comparable to normal weight concrete, yet is typically 30-40% lighter. PALC showed the design flexibility and substantial cost savings by providing less dead load due to its lower density values. The properties, which increase in value and indicate the increasing quality with lower A/C ratios (high cement contents), are compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and density. Properties, which decrease in value and indicate the increasing quality, with lower A/C ratios are water absorption and carbonation depth. In all cases, lowering the A/C ratio (higher cement content) increases quality. The research showed that structural lightweight concrete can be produced by the use of fine and coarse pumice aggregates mixes without using any additions or admixtures.     

The effects of air content on permeability of lightweight concrete

Air entraining agent is used to control the floatation of lightweight aggregate (LWA) in lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), therefore reducing the segregation of LWAC. At the same time, using an air entraining agent will affect the water sorption of the concrete. In this paper, two lightweight concrete mixes of density 1000 kg/m³ and air content of 13.5% and 31.9% were compared and the effects of entrained air on the strength, surface sorptivity, and chloride permeability of LWAC are presented. Results show that the use of porous LWA would not lower the permeability resistance of concrete. Entrained air had little effect on sorptivity but a major effect on chloride permeability. The weaker pores' network in the cement paste is the basic cause for the high chloride permeability of concrete than the use of porous LWA. Although chloride permeability of low density LWAC concrete decreased with age of concrete, it was found that the concrete was not dense enough to stop the chloride ion to penetrate through the concrete before the concrete mature at 90 days.     

Bond strength of polymer lightweight aggregate concrete

Bond strength, physical, and mechanical properties of lightweight PC were investigated with inclusion of pumice lightweight aggregate in maximum size of 12 mm. As binder material, epoxy resin‐based polymer was used with its hardener. The binder to aggregate ratio was 30% by weight. In addition, steel fibers were added to lightweight PC mixtures in ratio of 0, 0.5, and 1%. After lightweight PC mixture was prepared, it was poured in the molds with different type of steel‐bars in size of 100 × 100 × 100 mm³. The steel‐bars centered in the cubic molds, and they were in size of Ø12, Ø14, and Ø16. The specimens were cured at 60°C for 2 h. On the hardened polymer lightweight concrete (PLC), pull‐out test for bond strength and compressive strength tests were performed. Moreover, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption by weight, specific porosity, and density experiments were carried out. The relation between physical and mechanical properties showed that PLCs become more durable when using ratio of steel fibers. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:2125–2132, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

掺入塑钢纤维的轻骨料混凝土与钢筋间的力学性能研究

为了分析塑钢轻质骨料加入到混凝土中的力学以及粘结性能,基于试验研究并分析了影响混凝土试件力学以及粘结性能的影响因素,实验结果表明：加入不同比例的塑钢纤维混凝土试件的力学以及粘结性能均表现出了不同的变化特性,混凝土及砂浆的用水量、砂率的不同,会导致塑钢纤维对混凝土的增强效果差异较大;素混凝土的强度较高时,混凝土试件的粘结性能越高,并且其钢筋产生的位移大大降低;加入塑钢纤维的混凝土试件的力学以及粘结性能均会随着轻质骨料筒压的降低而降低。     

铁尾矿陶粒混凝土的制备与性能分析

用铁尾矿陶粒替代普通混凝土天然粗骨料,根据《轻骨料混凝土技术规程》(JGJ/T 12—2019)设计配合比,制备LC30~LC40的铁尾矿陶粒混凝土。测定和计算其力学性能、耐久性、经济性,并与普通混凝土作对比。结果表明,铁尾矿陶粒混凝土能够满足《轻骨料混凝土技术规程》(JGJ/T 12—2019)中LC30配制强度,其强度与水胶比的相关性较普通混凝土弱,抗折强度和弹性模量分别仅有普通混凝土的60%和65%左右,但抗氯离子渗透能力和抗冻性能显著优于普通混凝土。本文研究了铁尾矿陶粒用于制备轻骨料混凝土的可行性和其混凝土的综合性能,为下一步装配式构件设计提供数据支撑,间接解决了陕南地区铁尾矿循环利用的问题。     

Bond strength evaluation of palm oil fuel ash-based geopolymer normal weight and lightweight concretes with steel reinforcement

This article presents a comparison of the bond behaviour between palm oil fuel ash (POFA)-derived geopolymer and conventional cement-based normal weight and lightweight concretes. A total of 16 variables were tested, which includes concrete cover (50 and 100 mm), bar diameter (12 and 16 mm) and types of concrete (POFA-based geopolymer normal/ lightweight concrete and cement-based normal/lightweight concrete). Results showed that the bond strength of cement-based concretes had higher critical bond stress and ultimate bond strength as well as lower slip at the ultimate bond strength compared to the corresponding POFA-based geopolymer concretes. The cement-based and geopolymer lightweight concrete specimens also exhibited greater bond strength than the normal weight concrete specimens. All of the concrete specimens generally exhibited similar bond stress-slip curves. Besides that, bond strength models proposed in the past predicted satisfactory match (difference of up to 35%) to the experimental ultimate bond strength values in the case of cement-based normal weight concrete and geopolymer concrete whereas a difference in the range of 16–138% was found for the case of lightweight concrete.     

再生轻骨料混凝土抗压强度指标换算关系研究

为了研究再生轻骨料混凝土立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度,以及两者之间的换算关系,以再生轻粗骨料取代率为变化参数,制作了15个标准立方体试块和15个标准棱柱体试块,进行抗压强度试验.实测了试块的抗压强度,探讨了不同再生轻粗骨料取代率对于再生轻骨料混凝土抗压强度的影响规律,采用数据统计回归的方法,得到了再生轻骨料混凝土轴心抗压强度和立方体抗压强度之间的换算关系.研究结果表明:再生轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度均低于普通混凝土的抗压强度;随着再生轻粗骨料取代率的增加,再生轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度逐渐降低;再生轻骨料混凝土轴心和立方体抗压强度之间的换算关系和普通混凝土并不相同;基于实测数据,建立了再生轻骨料混凝土抗压强度指标之间的换算关系式.     

The effect of recycled concrete aggregate properties on the bond strength between RCA concrete and steel reinforcement

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence that replacing natural coarse aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) has on concrete bond strength with reinforcing steel. Two sources of RCA were used along with one natural aggregate source. Numerous aggregate properties were measured for all aggregate sources. Two types of concrete mixture proportions were developed replacing 100% of the natural aggregate with RCA. The first type maintained the same water–cement ratios while the second type was designed to achieve the same compressive strengths. Beam-end specimens were tested to determine the relative bond strength of RCA and natural aggregate concrete. On average, natural aggregate concrete specimens had bond strengths that were 9 to 19% higher than the equivalent RCA specimens. Bond strength and the aggregate crushing value seemed to correlate well for all concrete types.     

粗骨料对透水混凝土性能的影响研究

试验研究了粗骨料品种、粗骨料粒径、胶骨比等对透水混凝土力学性能和透水性能的影响,结果表明:采用天然骨料配制的透水混凝土的各项性能均优于采用再生骨料配制的透水混凝土;对于同一来源的粗骨料,骨料粒径越大,配制的透水混凝土透水性能越好,力学性能则略有降低;相同品质和粒径的再生骨料配制的透水混凝土,随胶骨比增加,混凝土透水性能逐渐降低,力学性能却呈增加趋势。     

预湿方式对HPP纤维轻骨料混凝土抗冻性能的影响

为了缩短工程常规1 h常压预湿时间,采用1.5 MPa加压预湿0.5 h的方式,并与常压预湿相比.研究在常压和加压预湿前提下,页岩和粉煤灰两种陶粒吸水率、孔隙结构的差异,以及两种轻骨料在不同吸水率时HPP纤维轻骨料混凝土的抗冻融性能.研究结果表明:页岩陶粒常压预湿和加压预湿吸水率差别较大,粉煤灰陶粒常压预湿和加压预湿吸水率差异较小;页岩内部孔径较小且多呈封闭性以及总孔隙率大,粉煤灰陶粒内部孔隙与外部连通性能较好;页岩轻骨料混凝土抗冻性能优于粉煤灰轻骨料混凝土;常压预湿HPP纤维轻骨料凝土抗冻性能优异, 1.5 MPa加压预湿轻骨料混凝土的抗冻融次数最少能达到225次以上.     

表面处理轻集料混凝土的性能

轻集料混凝土已在结构工程中得到广泛应用,轻集料表面状态、形状和吸水性对轻集料混凝土需水量和工作性能有很大影响.试验结果表明:表面憎水处理的膨胀页岩陶粒早期和后期的吸水率明显降低.相比干燥和预湿轻集料配制的混凝土,坍落度相同时,采用表面憎水处理的轻集料配制的混凝土的需水量较少,且具有较低的坍落度损失和更高的抗压强度.     

多孔渗水混凝土材料的制备及性能研究

针对传统路面铺装材料在路面渗透性差,导致城市路面经常出现内涝的问题,提出和制备一种多孔渗水的混凝土路面铺装材料。对此,文章以5~10 mm的单粒径级配粗集料、水泥、粉煤灰、硅灰、聚丙烯纤维等作为原材料,结合一定的配合比,利用一次搅拌法对材料进行搅拌,从而得到不同配合比和不同掺入方法下的混凝土试件。最后,以抗折强度、渗透系数等作为评价指标,对上述制备混凝土试件进行评价,验证了多孔渗水混凝土材料的性能。     

Effect of incorporating PVC waste as aggregate on the physical,mechanical, and chloride ion penetration behavior of concrete

With the growing needs for resource materials and the environmental protection requirements associated with sustainable development, it has become necessary to study all the possibilities of reusing and recycling industrial wastes and by-products, especially in the field of civil engineering. In the work presented here, non-biodegradable plastic aggregates made of polyvinylchloride (PVC) waste, obtained from scrapped PVC pipes, were used in partial replacement of conventional aggregates in concrete. For this purpose, a number of laboratory prepared concrete mixes were tested, in which natural sand and coarse aggregates were partially replaced by PVC plastic waste aggregates in the proportions of 30, 50, and 70% by volume (granular classes 0/3 and 3/8). Fresh concrete mixtures were tested for workability and density, and hardened concrete specimens were used to investigate compressive strength, ultrasonic wave velocity, and resistance to chloride ion penetration. The results of the laboratory study showed that concrete made with 50 and 70% of recycled PVC aggregates fell into the category of structural lightweight concrete in terms of unit weight and strength properties. This study gave quite encouraging results and opened up a new way of recycling PVC waste as a lightweight aggregate in concrete.     

High-strength lightweight concrete made with scoria aggregate containing mineral admixtures

This paper presents a part of the results of an ongoing laboratory work carried out to design a structural lightweight high strength concrete (SLWHSC) made with and without mineral admixtures. In the mixtures, basaltic-pumice (scoria) was used as lightweight aggregate.A control lightweight concrete mixture made with lightweight basaltic-pumice (scoria) containing normal Portland cement as the binder was prepared. The control lightweight concrete mixture was modified by replacing 20% of the cement with fly ash. The control lightweight concrete mixture was also modified by replacing 10% of the cement with silica fume. A ternary lightweight concrete mixture was also prepared modifying the control lightweight concrete by replacing 20% of cement with fly ash and 10% of cement with silica fume. Two normal weight concrete (NWC) were also prepared for comparison purpose.Fly ash and silica fume are used for economical and environmental concerns. Cylinder specimens with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height and prismatic specimens with dimension 100×100×500 mm were cast from the fresh mixtures to measure compressive and flexural tensile strength. The concrete samples were cured at 65% relative humidity with 20 °C temperature. The density and slump workability of fresh concrete mixtures were also measured.Laboratory test results showed that structural lightweight concrete (SLWC) can be produced by the use of scoria. However, the use of mineral additives seems to be mandatory for production of SLWHSC. The use of ternary mixture was recommended due to its satisfactory strength development and environmental friendliness.     

基于多重因素的再生粗骨料混凝土用水量预测公式

为了保证再生混凝土适宜的施工性能,探寻再生粗骨料的掺加对再生混凝土用水量的影响规律,采用3种不同品质的再生粗骨料分别以不同的取代率制备再生混凝土,系统研究再生粗骨料的品质和取代率对再生粗骨料混凝土绝对用水量的影响,以普通混凝土的绝对用水量为基准,首次提出基于骨料品质和取代率的再生粗骨料混凝土绝对用水量预测公式,并基于本试验数据进行预测公式计算误差比较.结果表明:再生粗骨料混凝土绝对用水量与取代率之间表现出较好的线性关系,随着再生粗骨料品质的提升其绝对用水量显著减少.依据本试验数据再生粗骨料混凝土绝对用水量预测公式最大计算误差仅为-1.97%,具有较高的精确度和较好的适用性.     

The effect of aggregate variation on the compressive strength of laterite concrete

Laboratory testing of 96 (150×150 mm) concrete cube specimens were performed to study the effect of aggregate variation on the strength of laterite concrete. The different investigations were carried out using granite gravel as coarse aggregate and lateritic sand as fine aggregate. The best proportions between laterite and 20 mm gravel were determined and concrete mixes with specific strengths were designed. Strengths at 7, 14, 28 days were found and the effect of aggregate variation studied. Finally it was concluded that laterite can be used with good result as a fine component of concrete mixes.     

不同掺和方式下的透水混凝土性能探讨

针对传统水泥路面不透水给城市生态环境造成的影响问题,提出一种新型透水混凝土材料,并通过实验了解这种新型混凝土的性能。以陶粒、石子作为粗骨料,采用单掺和复掺的形式,构建不同配合比下的透水混凝土实验组。最后通过性能测试,得到不同水胶比、骨料粒径、目标孔隙率对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水系数的影响,从而为透水混凝土在不同地方的应用提供实验参考数据。