Effect of a combined machining/burnishing tool on the roughness and mechanical properties

Burnishing is a cold working surface treatment process in which plastic deformation of surface irregularities occurs by exerting pressure through a very hard and a very smooth roller or ball on a surface to generate a uniform and work‐hardened surface. This treatment occurs generally after the machining process. In this study, a new combined machining/burnishing tool is designed and is fabricated. This tool allows for generating simultaneously the machining (turning) and the burnishing of the cylindrical surface using a turning machine. First, turned surfaces at different conditions, sketches, finishing and half finishing were performed using only the cutting tool. The evolutions of a surface roughness parameter and the technological time relative to every test condition have been investigated. Second, using the combined machining/burnishing tool at coarse conditions, the evolutions of the surface roughness and the technological time have been also investigated. A comparison among the parameters obtained under different machining conditions and those obtained using the combined machining/burnishing tool has been carried out. Moreover, the analyses of the layers obtained on the combined machined/burnished surface have shown that the burnishing process induces compressive residual stresses on the subsurface treated specimens. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An attempt to determine the true stress-strain curves of amorphous polymers by nanoindentation

We have made an attempt to identify the true material stress-strain curves of some amorphous polymers (PC, PMMA, CR39 (diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate)) from nanoindentation experiments by using non-self similar tip shapes, i.e. tips promoting an increasing strain with an increasing indentation depth. We firstly found that, for a defined strain rate, the relationship linking the contact pressure to the ratio between the contact depth and the contact radius is intrinsic to the material, i.e. it doesn’t depend on the tip shape used. From this relationship, for each material, we calculated the evolution of the average stress with the average strain beneath the tip, by using the theoretical background developed for elasto-perfectly plastic materials. By comparing to compression test results, we concluded that this approach works well for PC and PMMA only for an average strain below 12%. This approach is inapplicable for the CR39 material even at low strains. We assumed that this is mainly due to the occurrence of a significant strain hardening, that doesn’t allow us to neglect the strain gradient existing beneath the tip.     

基于摩擦学的表面织构技术应用研究进展

表面织构是在摩擦面上加工出具有一定尺寸和排列的凹坑或微小沟槽的点阵,可有效改善表面摩擦学性能。本文介绍了表面织构的几何参数和加工方法,总结了表面织构技术在机械部件、材料加工、磁存储设备、摩擦制动等方面的研究进展,展望了未来表面织构技术可能的发展方向。     

硬脂酸修饰PbO、Zn(OH)2纳米粒子的摩擦学性能研究

制备了硬脂酸修饰的PbO、Zn(OH)2纳米微粒,考察了其在45#变压器油中的摩擦学行为,并用SEM扫描电子显微镜、Perkin-E lmer 7型热分析仪、SHIMADZU FTIR-8900型红外光谱仪等进行表面分析。结果表明所得PbO、Zn(OH)2粒径约为30 nm,并且表面修饰剂与纳米粒子之间发生了化学反应,从而增加了粒子在基础油中的稳定性和分散性;摩擦试验表明,较低载荷下,添加的纳米微粒对油品的抗磨性能有负面影响,随着载荷的不断增加,纳米微粒的抗磨性能逐渐显现出来。     

超声滚压加工表面微织构的研究

为了研究超声滚压加工表面微织构工艺,选用45钢试样作为研究对象,分析了工艺参数包括滚压球直径、步距、静压力和进给速度对织构形貌及深度的影响,并对织构化后工件的表面性能进行了单因素实验.结果 表明,超声滚压工艺可以在表面制备稳定的织构,滚压球直径与步距对表面形貌影响较大,采用8 mm滚压球与0.2 m步距参数,能获得较为...     

Environmental effects in Kelvin force microscopy of modified diamond surfaces

We have explored the effects of atmospheric environment on Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) measurements of potential difference between different regions of test polycrystalline diamond surfaces. The diamond films were deposited by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition, which naturally produces hydrogen terminations on the surface of the films formed. Selected regions were patterned by electron-beam lithography and chemical terminations of oxygen or fluorine were created by exposure to an oxygen or fluorine plasma source. For KFM imaging, the samples were mounted in a hood with a constant flow of helium gas. Successive images were taken over a 5-h period showing the effect of the environment on KFM imaging. We conclude that the helium flow removes water molecules adsorbed on the surface of the samples, resulting in differences in surface potential between adjacent regions. The degree of water removal is different for surfaces with different terminations. The results highlight the importance of taking into account the atmospheric environment when carrying out KFM analysis.     

硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能

为研究固体润滑剂软金属Sn作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能,采用原位表面修饰液相化学还原的方法制备了硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒。通过XRD,TEM,FT-IR等分析手段对其形貌和结构进行了表征,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒作为液体石蜡添加剂在不同添加量和不同施加载荷下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,所制备的纳米微粒具有四方晶型Sn的晶体结构,粒径细小,平均粒径5~10 nm,有机修饰层的存在能防止Sn纳米微粒被氧化。硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒在中低负荷下作为润滑油添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨性能,并且能够提高基础油液体石蜡的承载力。     

电沉积稀土改性陶瓷涂层磨损性能研究

探讨了在电火花加工机床上沉积碳化钛金属陶瓷涂层方法,利用TiC,WC,Mo,N i粉未添加不同比例稀土元素在高压下压制并烧结了试验电极,在45#钢表面沉积了不同稀土含量的TiC陶瓷涂层,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、环块式磨损试验机对涂层组成、组织形态进行、硬度及摩擦学性能分别进行了研究,并结合试验结果进行了理论分析。试验结果表明:用电火花放电法可沉积TiC陶瓷涂层,涂层中加入质量分数为0.5%的氧化镧后,涂层的耐磨性能较未加稀土涂层提高了3倍,摩擦因数减少10%,而加入过多的稀土镧氧化物则不利于涂层组织性能及耐磨性能的改善。稀土氧化镧对涂层的组织有改善作用,加入适量的稀土元素使得涂层致密性提高,减少涂层中的缺陷,涂层表面呈多孔结构特性。     

Analysis of surface finish in milling by power spectral density measurement

The power spectral densities (psd) of surface profiles of milled steel samples have been determined by analogue measurement techniques, ie by a spectral analyser. The recorded psd curves indicate the presence in the surface profiles of some periodic components. Increase of cutting speed during milling causes the spectral density values to decrease. By psd measurement it was possible: to distinguish between surface profiles with the same R_a value, but milled under different cutting conditions; and to detect axial run-out of the milling cutter, which results in waviness of machined surfaces.     

表面修饰Bi纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能

为研究低熔点金属纳米微粒作为润滑油抗磨添加剂的摩擦学性能,采用原位表面修饰液相化学还原的方法,制备了硬脂酸修饰B i纳米微粒,通过XRD,TEM,FT-IR等分析手段对其形貌和结构进行了表征,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了所制备表面修饰B i纳米微粒添加在液体石蜡中的减摩抗磨性能。结果表明,所合成的纳米微粒具有斜方晶型B i的晶体结构,平均粒径10~20 nm,分散好,颗粒之间无团聚现象,有机修饰层的存在防止了B i纳米微粒的氧化。硬脂酸修饰B i纳米微粒在中低负荷下作为润滑油添加剂具有良好的减摩性能和较好的抗磨性。     

工程耐磨构件表面织构及摩擦学性能研究

表面织构是利用特定的加工方法在构件的摩擦表面加工出一定尺寸和排列的微小阵列,可有效改善表面润滑状态,降低摩擦系数,减少磨损量和表面温升。分析了不同工程耐磨构件表面织构的类型和加工方法以及表面织构对构件表面摩擦学性能的影响,提出了工程耐磨构件表面织构研究的方向。     

纳米表面工程与摩擦学

利用表面工程技术解决摩擦磨损问题具有高效、实用等特点。随着科学技术的迅速发展，纳米材料和纳米技术在表面工程中得到了广泛应用，由此出现了“纳米表面工程”。利用纳米表面工程技术制备的涂层和镀层有着非常优异的摩擦学性能。本文叙述了作者近年来的有关工作，包括热喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层、热喷涂纳米自润滑涂层、纳米陶瓷／聚合物复合涂层、纳米复合电镀层以及纳米电泳沉积层的摩擦磨损特性和机制。     

表面织构排布方式对径向滑动轴承摩擦性能的影响

基于Navier-Stokes方程,建立表面织构化滑动轴承数值分析模型,采用压力耦合方程的改进半隐式(SIMPLEC)算法进行求解,分析表面织构排布和形状对滑动轴承摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：在收敛楔入口排布十字形织构时可以显著提高承载能力;在收敛楔中部周向排布沟槽和短沟槽织构比轴向排布更能显著改善轴承摩擦性能,且排布倒椭圆、菱形和十字纹理可以更明显地改善滑动轴承的摩擦性能;在收敛楔出口排布织构不能改善滑动轴承的摩擦性能,而在发散楔只有三角形织构可以改善轴承的摩擦性能。设计5种新型复合织构排布方式,分析其对轴承摩擦性能的提升效果。结果发现：复合型织构比单一类型织构更有利于提高轴承摩擦性能,其中在收敛楔入口布置十字形织构,收敛楔中部分别布置周向沟槽、短沟槽和十字形织构,发散楔布置三角形织构的3种复合型织构设计轴承性能提升效果显著,使承载力分别提高了15.69%、15.66%和17.16%,摩擦因数降低了3.75%、4.17%和2.92%。     

摩擦界面内杂质颗粒物的力学行为研究进展*

摩擦界面内夹杂的固体颗粒物,会影响摩擦副的摩擦、磨损性能,并可能导致摩擦副异常振动和温度升高,应用表面织构可改善摩擦界面的摩擦学特性,为摩擦副的减摩、抗磨提供了有效的途径。介绍摩擦界面夹杂有固体颗粒时的摩擦、磨损机制,概述颗粒-摩擦副的力学模型、颗粒被卷吸进入摩擦接触界面前后的力学行为,以及颗粒存在时表面织构的作用。展望颗粒-摩擦副系统的研究方向,包括非球形颗粒的力学行为研究,摩擦接触界面间颗粒的运移规律研究,摩擦体系各要素间的协同作用和制约机制研究,润滑脂作为润滑剂时固体颗粒的力学行为研究等。     

奥贝可锻铸铁己加工表面完整性研究

在切削加工奥贝可锻铸铁时，由于其金相组织中存在20％～30％的残余奥氏体，极易造成已加工表面的加工硬化以及在刀具切削刃附近产生粘结物，严重影响已加工表面完整性。本文通过大量切削试验，得出四种刀具材料在不同切削用量条件下对奥贝可锻铸铁已加工表面完整性的影响规律，观察并分析了切削过程中出现的一些异常现象。     

The Influence of Surface Roughness on the Lubrication Properties of Adsorbing and Non-Adsorbing Biopolymers

The lubrication properties of a glycoprotein (pig gastric mucin or PGM) and a high-molecular-weight hydrosoluble polymer (guar gum) have been studied. Friction has been measured over a wide range of entrainment speeds and Stribeck curves have been obtained spanning the boundary, mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. The adsorption properties of the polymers have also been assessed using evanescent wave spectroscopy. The results show that the polymer that adsorbs on solid surfaces is able to reduce friction in the boundary lubrication regime (PGM). Guar, which does not adsorb on surfaces, shows high friction in boundary lubrication but still promotes the onset of mixed lubrication; thus friction starts to fall from its boundary values at low speeds. These results can be explained in classical terms of entrainment of polymer solution into the thin film conjunction and associated shear thinning in the contact inlet. With roughened surfaces, a shift of the Stribeck curves towards high speed is observed.     

KDP晶体单点金刚石超精密切削加工的发展

总结了KDP晶体材料优异的光学性能及其难加工的机械物理特性,并回顾了KDP晶体单点金刚石切削(SPDT)加工的起源,特别对KDP晶体SPDT加工技术的国内外发展状况做了着重介绍,最后展望了KDP晶体SPDT加工的未来发展趋势。     

铝掺杂类石墨薄膜的构筑及其摩擦学性能研究

利用磁控溅射技术在硅片表面上制备铝掺杂类石墨(Graphite-like carbon,GLC)薄膜,采用原子力显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪、纳米压痕仪等考察铝掺杂对薄膜表面形貌、结构及其机械性能的影响规律;利用旋转的球一盘微摩擦试验机考察薄膜的摩擦行为.结果表明:铝的引入使GLC薄膜表面更加平整、致密;GLC薄膜的硬度和弹性模量随着掺铝量的增加而增加;低载低速时,薄膜摩擦因数随着铝含量的增加而增加,高载高速时,摩擦因数随铝掺入量的增加明显降低且更稳定.     

Method of implementation of the positive gradient of mechanical properties of triboengineering materials

Modern methods of implementation of the rule of positive gradient of mechanical properties are considered; this rule was formulated by I.V. Kragelskii and its application serves to minimize the friction and wear of solids. The given methods include the application of coatings with the method of finishing antifricton abrasion-free treatment; application of new metal-cladding lubricating materials; and creation of a nanostructural state of the surface iron nitride layer by nitriding steel with a positive gradient of hardness normal to the surface.