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平原感潮河网地区一维、二维水动力耦合模型研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
提供了一种复杂地形、水流条件下一维、二维水动力耦合模型的通用计算方法。根据感潮河流地形复杂、河岸弯曲多变、河道狭长的特征,采用有限元法求解一、二维水动力模型控制方程;在一、二维模型连接断面处.利用两种模型模拟的水位、流量相等的条件,实现一、二维模型的耦合。依据该原理,开发了大范围的上海市黄浦江上游地区河网一维与黄浦江干流二维水动力耦合模型,验证结果表明:一、二维耦合模型的设计是合理的。 相似文献
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In coastal areas of Finland, extensive artificial drainage of Holocene sulphide‐bearing marine and lacustrine sediments has resulted in development of acid sulphate (AS) soils (pH 2.5–4.5) over an estimated area of approximately 3000 km2. During heavy rains and snow melting, these soils are flushed resulting in discharge of acidic and metal‐rich waters that strongly affect small streams. However, the total and precise effects in the important and large rivers are not well understood. In this study, the impact of AS soil occurrence and hydrological changes on water quality was determined in an important regulated boreal river (Esse River) having a catchment area of 2054 km2 partially covered with AS soil (39 km2). Water samples, collected at five sites along the river during four carefully selected events, were analysed for pH, total organic carbon, conductivity and the following elements/anions: Al, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl?, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, NO, Rb, Sc, Si, SO, Sr, Th, Y and Zn. There is a clear spatial correlation between AS soil occurrence and elevated element concentrations in the river water, especially when the conditions change from dry/warm (summer) to wet/cool (autumn). During the rains in autumn these soils are extensively flushed and concentrations of Co, La, Zn, Y, Mn and Al are increased between three and nine times towards the outlet. The buffering capacity of the river was, however, high enough to prevent a detrimental drop in pH. Another intriguing feature is substantially elevated concentrations of several potentially toxic metals (Cr, Cd, Cu) in the middle reaches in winter when the river is ice‐covered. Since no external source for this was found, we suggest an internal source operating by an as yet unknown mechanism. During baseflow in summer, the concentrations of several solutes reach minimum concentrations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了提高下垫面变化剧烈流域的洪水预报精度,在传统流域水文模型的基础上耦合水动力学模型,建立水文水动力耦合洪水预报模型。首先利用水文模型获得某一断面的流量过程作为水动力学模型的边界条件;之后利用一维水动力学模型进行河道洪水演进计算,推求流域出口断面的流量过程;最后以烟台市外夹河流域为例进行验证。结果表明,所建水文水动力耦合模型模拟的产流合格率较高,流量过程与实测值吻合,在一定程度上弥补了集总式水文模型不能考虑河道内复杂水流运动的不足,因此对具有复杂水文、水力条件的流域的洪水预报具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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受人类活动及气候变化的影响,我国山区流域洪涝灾害频发,研制洪涝模拟及预报模型对于流域洪涝灾害防治及水环境综合整治具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。论文评述了洪涝模拟与预报使用的水文及水动力模型的优缺点,指出单一的水文或水动力模型的局限性。基于此,分析并比较了国内外已有的水文模型与水动力模型的不同耦合方式,包括水文模型与水动力模型的串联耦合、水文模型与一维水动力模型的动态单向耦合、水文模型与二维水动力模型的动态单向耦合。总结了各类耦合模型的优势和适用性,评价了已有耦合模型在计算精度、数值格式稳定性和计算效率等方面所取得的创新。论文探讨了流域洪涝发生和发展的水文过程与水动力过程的互馈机制,分析了水文模型与水动力模型新的耦合方法及可行性,介绍了水文与二维及一维水动力的动态双向耦合模型。动态双向耦合模型预期能更加真实地反映流域洪涝发生及发展物理机制,具有提高洪涝模拟预报精度和计算效率的潜力。各类耦合模型各有其自身优势,可以根据流域及城市防洪实际,选取合适的水文与水动力耦合模型,为山区流域洪涝模拟和预报提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Forecasting a hydrologic time series has been one of the most complicated tasks owing to the wide range of data, the uncertainties in the parameters influencing the time series and also due to the non availability of adequate data. Recently, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have become quite popular in time series forecasting in various fields. This paper demonstrates the use of ANNs to forecast monthly river flows. Two different networks, namely the feed forward network and the recurrent neural network, have been chosen. The feed forward network is trained using the conventional back propagation algorithm with many improvements and the recurrent neural network is trained using the method of ordered partial derivatives. The selection of architecture and the training procedure for both the networks are presented. The selected ANN models were used to train and forecast the monthly flows of a river in India, with a catchment area of 5189 km2 up to the gauging site. The trained networks are used for both single step ahead and multiple step ahead forecasting. A comparative study of both networks indicates that the recurrent neural networks performed better than the feed forward networks. In addition, the size of the architecture and the training time required were less for the recurrent neural networks. The recurrent neural network gave better results for both single step ahead and multiple step ahead forecasting. Hence recurrent neural networks are recommended as a tool for river flow forecasting. 相似文献
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城市用水量预测模型综合研究 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
从分析城市用水量变化规律着手,给出了城市用水量预测的常用模型,并以此为基础分析了选择用水量预测模型时所需考虑的影响因素。最后,以西安市日用水量预测为例,建立了三阶自回归预测模型,经与实测值对比检验,精度较高,可用于供水系统调度管理。 相似文献
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实时水文预报模型包括两部分:一是逐时确定性模型,其表达式为Z_(下2)=αZ_(上1)+(1-α)Z_(下1),为线性方程,在无较大支流加入的河段能取得较好结果,但红水河干流沿河都有支流加入,因此,上式加修正项后为:Z_(下2)=αZ_(上1)+(1-α)Z_(上1)+βΣ△Z_区,模型参数α、β用原始资料辩识;二是实时修正模型,确定性模型只能作离线估算。为了提高预报精度,将预报误差序列x(t)视为一系统,用状态方程描述,建立误差实时校正模型,对模型参数进行在线估计,并给出计算总框图和实例演算。实时水文预报模型与没有预见期、不能应用于河流预报的河道流量法和只能作洪峰水位预报的上下游水位相关法是不相同的。 相似文献
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黄浦江干流二维水动力实时数学模型研究 总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3
本文基于二维浅水化水动力学方程组,运用伽辽金加权余量法导出适用于黄浦江干流的有限元公式,对计算区域采用四边形单元剖分,利用有限元数值计算模型模拟黄浦江干流动态水文动态变化过程,然后开发了黄浦江干流实时二维水动力模型。 相似文献
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平原感潮河网水动力模型研究 总被引:24,自引:2,他引:22
利用一维Saint—Venant方程组、河网汊点连续方程及边界条件建立了河网水动力学模型;采用Abbott六点隐式差分格式离散控制方程组;求解河网时,将河段方程自相消元,得到以汊点水位为基本未知量的汊点方程组;采用汊点优化编码来降低汊点方程组系数矩阵的带宽以提高计算精度和节省计算耗时。对上海市平原感潮河网进行了合理概化,利用1999年6月~9月的实测水文资料进行了率定,结果表明计算值同实测值吻合较好。 相似文献
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淮河干流蚌埠段河道整治工程效果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过建立一维、二维水动力数学模型,利用1992年实测地形与2008年和2009年复测断面资料,通过对典型年的洪水位、行洪能力、断面流速和流态等的计算分析,对淮河干流蚌埠段整治工程的效果进行了对比分析。结果表明:蚌埠段整治工程实施后,洪水位显著降低,行洪能力明显增加,流态得到了进一步改善,表明该河段退堤、切滩、疏浚等河道整治措施和规模是适宜的。 相似文献
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J. Lhomme J. Gutierrez‐Andres A. Weisgerber M. Davison J. Mulet‐Marti A. Cooper B. Gouldby 《Journal of Flood Risk Management》2010,3(1):33-51
Detailed testing of a new two‐dimensional hydraulic modelling system is presented. The methodology consists of applying the hydraulic model to a set of theoretical tests, for which analytical solutions are known, and then comparing a model simulation with a real flood event. The water‐at‐rest test, three dam‐break tests and the Seiche test constitute the set of tests with analytic solutions. The flood event is the Boscastle 2004 flood, for which observed water levels are available. The model yields results that compare closely with the analytical solutions in all of the tests, except for the Seiche test. When applied to the real flood event, the simulated maximum levels are close to the observed levels. Comparisons with two similar commercial software packages show similar results between the models. 相似文献
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以河流健康理论为指导,分别建立东苕溪流域水动力学模型、水质模型和河流健康评价模型,在此基础上构建河流健康预警耦合模型。通过模型计算得到定量化的现状东苕溪河流健康评价指数,属于第三级\"亚健康\"。文章提出东苕溪的保护和利用不能仅仅局限于水利技术等工程措施的支撑,未来需要加强可持续水资源管理方面的工作,使东苕溪的\"亚健康\"状态朝良性方向发展。 相似文献
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平原河网水动力模型及求解方法探讨 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13
参考国内外有关资料 ,根据河网非恒定流水动力模型的控制方程组和汊点衔接条件 ,建立平原河网水动力节点 河道模型。介绍用特征线法 ,有限体积法和有限差分法中的直接解法、分级解法、汊点分组解法、矩阵标识法、非线性方法等求解的基本思路。对比单元划分模型、混合模型以及人工神经网络模型等平原河网水动力模型 ,分析各个模型的优缺点 ,结果表明 ,节点 河道模型原则上可以求解任何水网的水力参数 ,单元划分模型仅适用于河道流速时空变化不大的情况 ,人工神经网络模型的验证比较困难。指出改进和设计计算方法、应用向量运算和并行算法、数值模拟可视化、数值计算模型软件化是河网数值模拟的主要发展方向 相似文献
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珠江三角洲地区河网水动力学模型研究 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
对珠江三角洲河网区河道进行了概化,利用一维非恒定流基本方程组,河网节点连结方程及边点方程建立了珠江三角液河网区水动力学模型,将参加计算的方程分成微段,河段,汊点三级,采用逐级处理再联合运算的方法(即所谓的三级联解法),求得河网中各计算断面的水位,流量等值,利用丰,平,枯,三期的实测资料对模型参数进行了率定,率定后的模型计算值和实测值吻合较好。 相似文献
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下荆江尾闾的熊家洲河段自1950年斜槽裁弯形成新生汊道分流,使得下游七弓岭弯道水动力发生调整,进而加剧河道崩岸,影响河势稳定。采用水文资料和地形数据,基于MIKE21软件建立熊家洲弯道上下游河段(监利—螺山)的二维水动力数值模型,设置不同来流量和新汊道尺寸,模拟新汊道条件改变对七弓岭弯道水动力调整的影响。研究表明:汊道展宽至分流明显后,主流水动力轴线沿七弓岭弯道的凸岸偏转;当汊道尺寸较大时,汊道出流近似垂直于七弓岭弯道颈口上游河岸,加剧颈口上游未守护河段的崩岸,这为原型观测所证实。 相似文献