红外方式数字图像采集报警系统的设计

介绍了AT91SAM7S64单片机的主要特点和性能,分析了采用该芯片减少及优化外围电路,提高精度、实时性和可靠性等方面的优势.着重阐述了应用该芯片实现红外控制、自动摄像的软、硬件设计方案,分析了为提高实时性而在软硬件设计方面所采取的措施.     

基于软件的拓宽数据采集仪动态范围的应用

高采样率和宽动态范围是提高数据采集仪性能的关键指标。对拓宽采集仪的动态范围的方法进行了研究,提出了基于虚拟多核数据采集技术来拓宽低位A/D芯片的动态范围的方法。此方法通过软件对A/D转换的数据进行多次重采样,间接提高了采集仪的动态范围。基于此方法和16位A/D芯片开发出了虚拟3核数据采集仪。测试结果表明此采集仪具有高采样率和宽动态范围的性能,可用于实际测试。     

A VLSI chip implementation of an A/D converter error table compensator

Error table compensation can be used to improve the spurious free dynamic range performance of high speed A/D converters. This paper gives details of an error table compensator system that uses a VLSI chip incorporating a transversal filter programmed as a wideband differentiator, additional on-chip circuits including delays and an adder, and a lookup table that is stored in external memory. The cascadable 10GOPS transversal filter differentiator chip has been designed and fabricated and can operate in 32-tap symmetric, 32-tap anti-symmetric or 16-tap non-symmetric modes. It has programmable tap weights and uses 16-bit signed arithmetic with radix-16 multipliers and 4–2 compressors to reduce the transistor count. The chip was fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS process, measures 3.1×4.4 mm and contains 310,000 transistors. The chip is pipelined and has a maximum clock rate of 200 MHz. It is shown that the error table compensation system is capable of providing between 7 and 13 dB improvement in the dynamic range of typical high-speed A/D converters.     

Colorimetric immunoassay chip based on gold nanoparticles and gold enhancement

A colorimetric immunoassay chip has been developed based on gold nanoparticles for indicating the antibody–antigen binding activity and gold enhancement for amplifying the specific binding signal. Our investigations showed that the results of immunoassay can be represented by the level of color intensity. They were easily observed by a regular camera or naked eye, which is not needed of sophisticated laboratory equipment. Optimization of experimental conditions was carried out and the colorimetric detection had been compared to the standard chemifluorescent detection. Under the optimized conditions, colorimetric immunoassay chip had been demonstrated to detect different amount of immobilized antigens, i.e., human IgG. The results, i.e., color intensity, were mapped to the concentration of immobilized antigens in a dynamic range of 1–5,000 ng/ml. The proposed detection method does not require any sophisticated optical systems; therefore, it is possible to be miniaturized and integrated into a microfluidic system for developing a portable immunoassay device.     

基于RobotStudio的芯片智能分拣生产线设计

为了缩短芯片智能分拣生产线开发周期,利用虚拟仿真技术在RobotStudio软件中搭建仿真工作站;该工作站以ABB IRB360并联工业机器人为控制核心,利用Solidworks建模软件完成相关模型建立,利用RobotStudio软件的Smart组件、机械装置等功能实现芯片下料、芯片传输、相机检测等过程,设计工业机器人的路径和程序完成分拣工作;最后将仿真工作站的代码直接下载至现场工业机器人,并根据仿真节拍调节现场各模块工作速度,实现芯片的智能分拣;实验结果表明,工业机器人能够根据相机的引导正确且高效地分拣芯片.     

基于MPEG4的网络摄像机的设计与实现

网络带宽是制约网络摄像机性能的“瓶颈”之一,为此,提出一种基于MPEG4的网络摄像机的设计方案,给出了它的软硬件设计方案,并使用PNX1301芯片实现了整个系统,重点介绍了PCI总线仲裁器的设计和实现。     

融合事件相机的视觉场景识别

目的 传统视觉场景识别（visual place recognition,VPR）算法的性能依赖光学图像的成像质量,因此高速和高动态范围场景导致的图像质量下降会进一步影响视觉场景识别算法的性能。针对此问题,提出一种融合事件相机的视觉场景识别算法,利用事件相机的低延时和高动态范围的特性,提升视觉场景识别算法在高速和高动态范围等极端场景下的识别性能。方法 本文提出的方法首先使用图像特征提取模块提取质量良好的参考图像的特征,然后使用多模态特征融合模块提取查询图像及其曝光区间事件信息的多模态融合特征,最后通过特征匹配查找与查询图像最相似的参考图像。结果 在MVSEC（multi-vehicle stereo event camera dataset）和RobotCar两个数据集上的实验表明,本文方法对比现有视觉场景识别算法在高速和高动态范围场景下具有明显优势。在高速高动态范围场景下,本文方法在MVSEC数据集上相较对比算法最优值在召回率与精度上分别提升5.39%和8.55%,在Robot‐Car数据集上相较对比算法最优值在召回率与精度上分别提升3.36%与4.41%。结论 本文提出了融合事件相机的视觉场景识别算法,利用了事件相机在高速和高动态范围场景的成像优势,有效提升了视觉场景识别算法在高速和高动态范围场景下的场景识别性能。     

C64x+DSP内核分析及其性能评价

C64x+是德州仪器(TI)公司最新推出的高性能定点DSP内核,它在指令集体系结构和片内存储系统等方面有了很大的改进.TI最新的高性能DSP芯片及SOC平台都采用C64x+内核.研究C64x+DSP内核及其片内存储系统的特点,重点分析了指令集、软件流水机制和特权系统以及片内存储系统等方面的改进.最后用一些典型的应用程序测试了C64x+内核在代码大小和程序运行时间等方面的性能提升.     

Microarchitecture of the Godson-2 Processor

The Godson project is the first attempt to design high performance general-purpose microprocessors in China. This paper introduces the microarchitecture of the Godson-2 processor which is a 64-bit, 4-issue, out-of-order execution RISC processor that implements the 64-bit MlPS-like instruction set. The adoption of the aggressive out-of-order execution techniques (such as register mapping, branch prediction, and dynamic scheduling) and cache techniques (such as non-blocking cache, load speculation, dynamic memory disambiguation) helps the Godson-2 processor to achieve high performance even at not so high frequency. The Godson-2 processor has been physically implemented on a 6-metal 0.18μm CMOS technology based on the automatic placing and routing flow with the help of some crafted library cells and macros. The area of the chip is 6,700 micrometers by 6,200 micrometers and the clock cycle at typical corner is 2.3ns.     

Potential of colour-infrared digital camera imagery for inventory and mapping of alien plant invasions in South African shrublands

Australian Acacia plant species invade the fynbos biome of southern Africa and threaten the exceptionally high plant diversity in the Cape Floristic Region. We examine the utility of very-high spatial resolution (0.5 m) colour infrared (CIR) digital image data for discriminating Acacia species from native fynbos vegetation, other alien vegetation and bare ground. Image data were acquired at a very low cost with a single-chip, digital CIR camera mounted on a light aircraft. Shrub and tree features were uniquely identified using visual or computer-assisted interpretation. However, increases in dynamic range and accuracy of interpolation schemes for the single chip sensor will be required if semi-automatic and accurate mapping of invasive plants is to be achieved.     

一种扩大单片机程序存储器容量的设计方法

提出了一种扩大单片机程序存储器容量的方法,突破了单片机系统６４ｋｂｙｔｅｓ应用程序寻址范围,并实现了跨越６４ｋＢｙｔｅｓ地址空间的程序跳转和调用。     

Non-destructive on-chip imaging flow cell-sorting system for on-chip cellomics

We have developed a non-destructive imaging flow cell-sorting system using an ultra-high-speed camera (shutter speed of 1/10,000 s) with a real-time image analysis unit and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based disposable microfluidic chip for single-cell-based on-chip cellomics. It has a 3-D micropipetting device that supports fully automated sorting and collection of samples. The entire fluidic system is implemented in a disposable plastic chip, enabling biological samples to be lined up in a laminar flow using hydrodynamic focusing. Its optical system enables direct observation-based cell identification using specific image indexes and phase-contrast/fluorescence microscopy, real-time image processing. It has a non-destructive, wider dynamic range, sorting procedure using mild electrostatic force in a laminar flow; agarose gel electrodes are used to prevent electrode loss and electrolysis bubble formation. The microreservoir used for recultivating collected target cells is contamination-free. An integrated ultra-high-speed droplet polymerase chain reaction measurement module is used for DNA/mRNA analysis of the collected target cells. This system was used to separate cardiomyocyte cells from a mixture of various cells. All the operations were automated using the 3-D micropipetting device. The results demonstrate that this imaging flow cell-sorting system is practically applicable for biological research and clinical diagnosis.     

Dynamic energy management for chip multi-processors under performance constraints

We introduce a novel algorithm for dynamic energy management (DEM) under performance constraints in chip multi-processors (CMPs). Using the novel concept of delayed instructions count, performance loss estimations are calculated at the end of each control period for each core. In addition, a Kalman filtering based approach is employed to predict workload in the next control period for which voltage-frequency pairs must be selected. This selection is done with a novel dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) algorithm whose objective is to reduce energy consumption but without degrading performance beyond the user set threshold. Using our customized Sniper based CMP system simulation framework, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for a variety of benchmarks for 16 core and 64 core network-on-chip based CMP architectures. Simulation results show consistent energy savings across the board. We present our work as an investigation of the tradeoff between the achievable energy reduction via DVFS when predictions are done using the effective Kalman filter for different performance penalty thresholds.     

Characterization for High Dynamic Range Imaging

In this paper we present a new practical camera characterization technique to improve color accuracy in high dynamic range (HDR) imaging. Camera characterization refers to the process of mapping device‐dependent signals, such as digital camera RAW images, into a well‐defined color space. This is a well‐understood process for low dynamic range (LDR) imaging and is part of most digital cameras — usually mapping from the raw camera signal to the sRGB or Adobe RGB color space. This paper presents an efficient and accurate characterization method for high dynamic range imaging that extends previous methods originally designed for LDR imaging. We demonstrate that our characterization method is very accurate even in unknown illumination conditions, effectively turning a digital camera into a measurement device that measures physically accurate radiance values — both in terms of luminance and color — rivaling more expensive measurement instruments.     

低功耗射频微系统时钟动态切换方法

为满足射频微系统芯片的降低功耗要求,使国产射频微系统能够得到更为广泛的应用,提出了一种考虑低功耗的射频微系统时钟动态切换管理方法.考虑芯片功耗设计问题,利用局部位置的系统时钟的自适应动态切换,对芯片运行切入点进行了设计;基于数字时钟对射频微系统的处理加速单元进行晶振替换,并对芯片时钟进行动态自适应调整,降低了芯片运行功耗;仿真分析表明:相对于实测数据,所提方法在芯片运行功耗上具有更优异的表现.     

嵌入式无线视频监控系统设计

本嵌入式无线视频监控系统采用高性能ARM9芯片作微处理器,通过嵌入式Linux采集USB摄像头视频数据,并将采集的视频数据帧经JPEG压缩;在ARM9芯片的控制下,通过2.4GHz无线发送/接收模块进行视频数据传输;无线接收端再将视频数据通过网络接口提交给视频应用服务端;最后由视频应用服务端将接收到的压缩数据帧重组、复合成视频图像,实现无线视频监控.     

智能温度传感芯片中Δ-Σ调制器的设计

从模数转换的基本理论出发,在对一阶Δ-Σ调制器原理深入解析的基础上,得到Δ-ΣADC动态输入范围的计算方法。利用Matlab simulink建立了二阶Δ-Σ调制器系统模型,对调制器电路进行仿真和参数优化,对其性能进行了有效评估。使用轨对轨折叠式共源共栅运算放大器作为调制器的积分器,增大了调制器的动态输入范围;设计的高速比较器将NMOS负载管交叉耦合从放大器输出端引入正反馈,提高了转换速度。设计实现了一款适用于14 bit温度转换芯片的二阶△-∑调制器,信噪比SNR可达87 dB。     

Wavelength-demultiplexed fiber-optic temperature-measurement instrument

We report a transmission fiber-optic temperature sensor consisting of a semiconductor chip coupled between two parallel fiber ends. Wavelength demultiplexing of the signal and reference arms improves the overall instrument performance: dynamic range, insertion loss and linearity. Practical requirements for the associated electronic blocks are also discussed.     

相机稳像系统中陀螺信号的实时采集与数据优化

陀螺信号的采集与处理对于整个图像稳定系统的性能具有决定性作用.本文设计了一种应用于相机光学图像稳定系统中的陀螺信号实时采集处理器的系统方案;采用低成本的压电陀螺,运用高精度模/数转换模块和高性能数字信号处理器(DSP)对传感器数据进行了采集;运用基于离散小波变换的实时滤波算法对姿态测量数据进行了优化处理,为后续姿态测量精度的提高提供了基础.     

A single chip multi-channel surface plasmon resonance imaging system

A single chip, multi-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging system has been developed. The equipment has no moving parts and uses a single sensor chip on which multiple channels can be incorporated. A light emitting diode is used as a photon source while a CCD camera forms the detector. The optical configuration has been designed to achieve a uniform illumination of the sample over a fixed area with a range of incident angles. A calibration test using sucrose solutions shows that the sensitivity of the equipment is 4.3×10⁻⁴ refractive index units per pixel line-pair. The use of the system for simultaneous interrogation of different polyelectrolyte thin films, formed by the electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition method, is demonstrated. A reversible pH-dependent response for these organic layers is also reported.