A true three-dimensional display

A new three-dimensional (3D) display concept is described that employs a random accessed flying spot in a transparent volume of material viewable from any position outside the volume. Arbitrary, true 3D figures may be presented ranging from line to full surface drawings and including alphanumerics. The display has a multicolor capability, continuously variable intensity, and can exhibit fixed or moving objects with good resolution. Display volumes of several cubic feet with high information capacity seem feasible.     

全息真三维显示系统

电脑屏显实际上是平面显示,尽管其有“立体”的视感,然而那只是一种具有心理景深的“伪三维”平面显示。真三维显示技术是在三维立体空间对物体成像,具有真正的物理景深。本文研究的是真三维的全息显示系统,分别介绍了五种真三维显示系统,对真三维全息显示中关键技术问题进行了分析和讨论。     

A flat alphanumeric display tube

A unique alphanumeric display has been developed which utilizes several digitally addressed electron beams to write characters on a conventional phosphor target. The electron beams are generated by an areal electron source, followed by a series of thin dynode plates containing any array of holes. The plates act collectively to control the flow of electrons spatially, so that several electron beams from certain holes in the last plate at discrete positions determined by the digital addressing signals. This device incorporates the features of flat-panel construction, digital address, simplified electronics, multibeam operation, and low power. In addition, the concept is applicable to multicolor operation, gray scale modulation, and graphics presentations. The principles of operation of a 64-character display (8 rows of 8 characters per row) are discussed in detail. In addition, the actual operational characteristics of a 176-character DIGISPLAY® are given, along with an analysis of the power requirements of this display.     

反射型直观式聚合物弥散型液晶显示器

介绍两种不同偏振片的反射型直观式PDLC显示器;一种是内反射内散射模式（IRIS）,采用这种模式可制成掌上型设备用高亮度器件;另一种是将PDLC层与介质反射镜组合成的一种反射型直观式显示器结构,采用这种结构可制成高漫反射率的反射型显示器,同时还可消除重影缺陷。这两种反射型PDLC显示器均属于在镜面反射和漫反射之间进行切换,这就意味着在不同偏振片的反射型LCD中,它们在有方向性照明环境中其性能是最佳的。     

The display of three-dimensional video images

Three-dimensional images can be pixellated in three distinct ways: volumetric, holographic, and autostereoscopic. The latter excels if images of opaque objects are to be displayed with wide fields of view, and the quality of view-sequential displays with 1° per view now appears adequate for general applications. Although in principle autostereoscopic pixellation gives a true three-dimensional image, 1/10° per view is needed to avoid flaws in a typical display. This approximately equals the diffraction limit, and the information content is no less than that of a hologram. A hybrid of holographic views and view-sequential multiplexing promises images with the field of view of autostereoscopic images but the significantly greater resolution and depth of holograms. Light valves and high-frame-rate arrays already have the space-bandwidth product needed to display such images, and further advances in photonic switches and gigahertz telecommunications look set to promote the display of such high-quality three-dimensional video images     

Recent progress in a real-time three-dimensional display

A concept for a holographic display system that can accept data in coordinate form and synthesize a three-dimensional scene in real time has been reported. Recent progress on this system centers around the recording medium and compensation of the frequency shift introduced by the deflection system. The need for a holographic recording medium that can be exposed, developed, and viewed in about 1 s is being met by a thermoplastic-photoconductor (TP-PC) film. The reusable TP-PC film has photographic characteristics comparable to standard holographic films. Improved TP-PC films having greater spatial frequency bandwidths, higher sensitivities, less background noise, and increased sequential recording capacity have been developed. The use of acousto-optic beam deflectors in the object and reference beams causes these beams to have different frequencies. In order to record holographic fringes of sufficient visibility, some frequency compensation scheme is therefore required. Several methods for achieving this compensation are discussed.     

A method for quantitative display of three-dimensional regional myocardial function

The DSR (dynamic spatial reconstructor), a multiple X-ray source scanner that generates stop action three-dimensional (3-D) images of a cylindrical volume, was used for quantitative imaging of left ventricular 3-D wall geometry and function in experimentally induced canine left ventricular myocardial infarction. Impaired regional myocardial function was induced by myocardial ischemia or infarction in four mongrel dogs by closed-chest occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. At intervals of 6-14 weeks post occlusion, the dogs were scanned with the DSR during biatrial contrast injection. The 3-D shape, extent, and function of hypokinetic myocardium was measured from the DSR images utilizing measurement of the rate of local systolic wall thickening to detect regions of normal, ischemic, or scarred myocardium. The results were compared to scar size and anatomic distribution measured at postmortem examination. The anatomic extent and relationship of hypocontractile to normally contracting muscle was visualized by computer generated, pseudo 3-D shaded surface displays of the left ventricular chamber and by topographic projections of regional wall thickening rates onto a map of the left ventricular endocardial surface. The location of myocardial infarction and the surrounding zone of impaired function is clearly defined by this 3-D CT scanning procedure. The display method presented here provides both localization and quantification of the volume of ischemic and infarcted myocardium.     

冷冻电镜单颗粒重构中病毒三维显示的校正

利用冷冻电镜显微技术和单颗粒三维重建方法获得BmCPV（家蚕质多角体）;CSBV（中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒）;C6/36DNV（C6/36浓核病毒）的三维结构体数据,用空间低通滤波对体数据矢量场进行处理并进行三维显示,较原来的显示,提高了信噪比,增强了显示稳定性与显示质量。病毒每个表面细节和轴上突起更加清晰可见。     

新型衍射光学元件实现三维立体显示的原理及设计

基于部分像素衍射屏的原理,提出一种结构更为简单,更易实现的新型衍射元件（ＤＯＥ０。给出这种衍射元件的设计方法,与以往的衍射屏进行了比较。并用人工拍摄和机器光刻两种制作出演示ＤＯＥ。给出了验证其有效性的设计实例。     

农业博览园虚拟实现三维视觉展示系统研究

为了降低农业博览园在展示过程中容易出现图像数据晃动的情况发生,设计一款农业博览园虚拟实现三维视觉展示系统。硬件系统使用了三维视觉质交器进行三维展示,引入计算展示边缘算子,对虚拟展示进行三维构建完成视觉三维体验,建立视觉展示模型,对农业博览园进行三维虚拟构建,提升视觉的感官效果以及3D效果。实验结果证明,设计的农业博览园虚拟实现三维视觉展示系统能够进行高仿真的三维视觉展示,展示过程没有图像晃动以及数据跃迁,能够增加真实的三维体验感觉。     

青杄花粉管生长过程中囊泡运输与Ca~（2＋）分布的细胞学研究

应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术,研究并同时定位了Ca2＋及分泌囊泡在青杄花粉管内的空间分布模式与对应关系。利用钙离子特异性荧光探针Fluo-3及分泌囊泡动态变化的指示性染料FM4-64对正在生长的花粉管进行的双重标记显示,青杄花粉管细胞质内Ca2＋从距顶端40～50μm处呈现典型梯度分布,花粉管顶端浓度最高;FM4-64荧光染料主要分布在花粉管质膜周围及花粉管顶端大约15～20μm的地方,而亚顶端区荧光较弱;在正在改变生长方向的花粉管中,FM4-64荧光主要集中在弯曲部位。对二者及与Rop GTPases在花粉管内的空间分布及与功能的关系进行了讨论。     

基于激光传感器的数码管显示驱动电路控制方法研究

传统的数码管显示驱动电路控制方法电路控制有效度低,控制强度差,为了解决上述问题,基于激光传感器设计了一种新的数码管显示驱动电路的控制方法,首先利用激光传感器定位系统对驱动电路进行初步定位与分析,选择相应的操作系统进行数据筛选,过滤无关数据信息,减少系统操作步骤,提升系统工作效率,并采用OCR技术扫描仪对驱动电路进行数据...     

A magnetic-particles display

A new type of flat-panel ambient-illuminated display is described. Images in this display are formed by magnetically controlling the orientations of small spherical multicolored magnetic particles. A demonstration model is shown and the possibility for application to television is studied. It is estimated that for a 9 × 12-cm black-and-white screen with built-in magnetic memory and 500 × 500 sequential matrix addressing the display panel can be driven at TV rates with an average current of 0.27 A and dissipation of 0.26 W. Contrast ratios up to 40:1 seem achievable with continuously variable grays. The display also features a nonvolatile memory which can be very desirable for some applications. Methods for fabricating this display are also discussed.     

Coplanar gas-discharge display

The electric field strength between coplanar electrodes is calculated employing "conformal transformations." The electron multiplication factor is then computed in the nonuniform field region. These calculations have been made for different gap lengths, voltages, and also for different gases and gas pressures. The configuration results in a curved discharge path. It is found that the electron multiplication is maximum along a particular flux line and the prebreakdown discharge is expected to follow this flux line. Experimental tubes incorporating several coplanar gaps have been fabricated. Breakdown voltages have been measured for various discharge gaps and also for various gases such as xenon, helium, neon, argon, and neon-argon mixture (99.5:0.5) at different filling pressures. The variation of breakdown voltage with pressure and gap length is discussed. The observed discharge paths are curved and this is in agreement with theoretical results. A few experimental single-digit coplanar gas-discharge displays (CGDD's) with digit height of 5 cm have been fabricated and dependence of their characteristics on various parameters, including spacing between top glass plate and bottom substrate, have been studied.     

Matrix-addressed liquid-crystal display

In order to develop simple low-cost liquid-crystal matrix displays, 5 × 7 dots alphanumeric matrix display panels with 7 × 80 elements have been made and tested. A newly synthesized nematic liquid crystal, p-methoxy-p'-ethylazoxybenzene, was used in the panels as the major component of the liquid crystals. The crosstalk was found effectively suppressed by rubbing the surfaces of electrode glasses besides applying a blanking technique. Furthermore, storage-type liquid-crystal matrix display devices with 120 × 120 elements were also reported. Various mixtures of nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals were used depending upon the storage and erasing conditions required for the imaging.     

A liquid-vapor display

A new reflective display principle is described. A roughened glass surface wetted with a transparent volatile liquid of the same refractive index as the glass acts as a transparent medium. The electrical heating, via transparent electrodes, of a thin film of liquid adjacent to the roughened surface transforms the glass into a light scattering surface. The fundamental thermal, electrical, and optical characteristics of the display element are reported. Schemes are described for building simply constructed flat panel arrays of liquid-vapor display elements. Such displays are capable of gray scale, can be designed to have frame-time or permanent memory, and can be matrix addressed by electronic, thermal, or geometric means.     

Elastomer display devices

A new type of an elastomer device, provided with a conductive elastomer electrode to charge another insulating elastomer surface, is discussed. As an example of practical application to display devices, the segmented numeric display device is shown.