带自变异算子的粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群优化算法中出现的早熟收敛问题,论文提出了一种带自变异算子的粒子群优化算法。该算法在运行过程中增加了随机变异算子,通过对当前最佳粒子进行随机变异来增强粒子群优化算法跳出局部最优解的能力。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明,新算法的全局搜索能力有了显著提高,并且能够有效避免早熟收敛问题。     

带变异算子的非线性惯性权重PSO算法

为了克服粒子群优化算法容易陷入局部最优、早熟收敛的缺点,提出了一种带有变异算子的非线性惯性权重粒子群优化算法。该算法以粒子群算法为基础,首先采用非线性递减策略对惯性权重进行调整,平衡粒子群优化算法的全局和局部搜索能力。当出现早熟收敛时,再引入变异算子,对群体粒子的最优解做随机扰动提高算法跳出局部极值的能力。用三种经典测试函数进行测试,试验结果表明,改进算法与粒子群算法相比,能够摆脱局部最优,得到全局最优解,同时具有较高的收敛精度和较快的收敛速度。     

带变异算子的非线性惯性权重 PSO 算法

为了克服粒子群优化算法容易陷入局部最优、早熟收敛的缺点,提出了一种带有变异算子的非线性惯性权重粒子群优化算法.该算法以粒子群算法为基础,首先采用非线性递减策略对惯性权重进行调整,平衡粒子群优化算法的全局和局部搜索能力.当出现早熟收敛时,再引入变异算子,对群体粒子的最优解做随机扰动提高算法跳出局部极值的能力.用三种经典测试函数进行测试,试验结果表明,改进算法与粒子群算法相比,能够摆脱局部最优,得到全局最优解,同时具有较高的收敛精度和较快的收敛速度     

自适应变异的粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群算法的早熟收敛问题,提出一种新的基于群体适应度变化率自适应变异的粒子群优化算法。该算法根据群体适应度变化率自适应调整惯性权重的取值,根据当前种群的平均粒距对种群中部分粒子进行变异操作。自适应调整与变异操作能增强算法跳出局部最优的能力,增大寻找全局最优的几率。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明,新算法的全局搜索能力有了明显的提高,有效避免了早熟收敛问题。     

结合禁忌搜索的改进粒子群优化算法

为提高粒子群优化算法的全局搜索和局部开采能力,提出一种结合禁忌搜索(TS)的改进粒子群优化算法。在搜索过程中,以线性递增的概率对最优粒子实施随机扰动,在全局搜索收敛到一定程度后,引入TS算法进行局部搜索,使算法快速收敛到全局最优解。分析结果表明,该算法收敛精度较高,能有效克服早熟收敛问题。     

自适应多位变异粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群优化算法的早熟收敛问题,提出一种改进的自适应多位变异粒子群优化算法.根据群体适应度方差以及当前最优解的大小来确定当前最佳粒子的变异概率,变异操作增强了粒子群优化算法跳出局部最优解的能力,在理论上保证了算法具有良好的性能.对几种典型函数的测试结果表明：该算法的全局搜索能力有了显著改善,收敛速度较快,并且能够有效避免早熟收敛问题.     

多向学习自适应的粒子群算法

粒子群优化算法（PSO）是一种群体智能算法,通过粒子间的竞争和协作以实现在复杂搜索空间中寻找全局最优点。但基本PSO算法存在进化后期收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优点的缺点,提出了一种多向学习型的粒子群优化算法,该算法中粒子通过同时追随自己找到的最优解、随机的其他粒子同维度的最优解和整个群的最优解来完成速度更新,通过判别区域边界来完成位置优化更新,通过对全局最优位置进行小范围扰动,以增强算法跳出局部最优的能力。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明：改进后的粒子群算法明显改善了全局搜索能力,并且能够有效避免早熟收敛问题。算法使高维优化问题中全局最优解相对搜索空间位置的鲁棒性得到了明显提高,适合于求解同类问题,计算结果能满足实际工程的要求。     

基于最优变异的粒子群优化算法

为了提高粒子群优化算法的性能,提出了一种带最优变异的改进粒子群优化算法。该算法的惯性权值满足不同粒子对全局和局部搜索能力的不同需求,每次迭代后根据适应度值会作相应的调整,在搜索过程中所引入的变异算子将对粒子群中最优粒子进行变异,以防止算法早熟收敛。对4个典型的测试函数的仿真表明,该算法比标准粒子群优化算法有更好的收敛性和更快的收敛速度。     

一种双层可变子群的动态粒子群优化算法

粒子间信息的共享方式对粒子群优化算法的收敛速度和全局搜索能力有重要的影响.针对全互联、环形拓扑结构,提出基于双层子群的信息共享方式,以收敛率作为子群规模变化的标识,实现子群规模动态变化,协调了算法的全局搜索能力和局部寻优能力.子群排斥机制使子群跳出局部最优解的束缚,提高解的多样性.选取目前比较流行的几种粒子群优化算法,通过五种经典的Benchmark高维函数优化问题进行实验仿真.结果表明基于双层可变子群的动态粒子群优化算法可以有效的避免算法陷入局部最优,在保证收敛速度的同时算法的全局搜索能力和精度有明显的提高.     

一种带混沌变异的粒子群优化算法

为了克服粒子群算法在进化后期存在收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小等问题,提出了一种混沌变异粒子群优化算法。该算法根据群体适应度变化率对种群中非优胜粒子进行变异操作,并对全局最优位置进行小范围混沌扰动,以增强算法跳出局部最优的能力。对几种复杂典型函数与标准粒子群算法进行了仿真测试,结果表明该算法明显改善了全局搜索能力和抗早熟收敛性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.