基于广义规范化稀疏模型的图像盲去模糊算法

针对基于规范化稀疏先验的图像盲去模糊方法估计精度低、计算速度慢、参数选择敏感等问题,提出一种Tikhonov正则增强的广义规范化稀疏模型,且将其作为中间清晰图像和运动模糊核的共同先验约束。随后,利用算子分裂、交替方向乘子法以及快速傅立叶变换,最小化关于中间清晰图像与运动模糊核的目标函数,导出一种快速图像盲去模糊算法。在标准测试集以及实际彩色模糊图像上的实验结果验证了提出方法的有效性和鲁棒性。此外,在同等条件下与近期文献中的盲去模糊方法进行比较,显示了本文方法在估计精度和估计效率上的双重优势。     

基于稀疏表示和梯度先验的图像盲去模糊

针对目前基于稀疏表示的图像盲卷积算法细节恢复有限等问题,提出一种基于稀疏表示和梯度先验的图像盲卷积算法。虽然每个图像块可以通过字典稀疏表示,但是图像块重构出的图像常常出现“伪像”,本文将梯度先验知识和超拉普拉斯先验知识融入稀疏表示盲卷积模型中,采用迭代方法交替估计中间清晰图像和模糊核,一旦获得模糊核,采用超拉普拉斯非盲去卷积算法恢复出最终的清晰图像。实验结果表明,与其他去模糊算法相比,本文算法在抑制振铃方面效果显著。     

基于正则化方法的图像盲去模糊

针对标准化稀疏先验的正则化方法估计复杂模糊核时的不准确性, 引入图像的预处理, 提出了一种图像盲去模糊的新方法。该方法将图像盲去模糊分为三个步骤：利用双边滤波器和冲击滤波器对图像进行预处理, 使得图像的噪声降低、边缘突出, 有利于模糊核的估计; 对预处理后的图像, 利用基于标准化稀疏先验的正则化方法估计模糊核; 根据估计出的模糊核利用TV正则化方法对图像进行非盲去卷积。采用快速迭代收缩阈值算法和快速总变分图像复原算法分别求解模糊核估计模型和图像非盲去卷积模型。实验结果表明, 针对单幅模糊图像, 该方法可以估计出准确的模糊核, 对噪声具有鲁棒性, 并且提高了图像复原速度, 具有较好的图像恢复效果。     

全变分极端通道先验的盲图像去噪去模糊

图像先验是图像复原中求解不适定问题的关键。针对在图像具有显著噪声时,极端通道先验去模糊算法容易产生振铃伪影和无法抑制噪声的缺点,利用全变分模型可以同时抑制噪声和保护边缘的优势,提出一种有效的全变分极端通道先验的盲图像去噪和去模糊模型。首先,将全变分模型分别引入暗通道和亮通道中,用于保护图像的边缘及消除噪声或振铃伪影;其次,利用半二次分裂技术解决模型的非凸问题和估计潜在的清晰图像;最后,用迭代多尺度盲反褶积估计图像的模糊核。实验结果表明,该算法能够在抑制噪声的同时很好地保护图像的边缘细节和消除振铃伪影。相比近几年具有代表性的其他方法,该模型的鲁棒性、主观视觉效果和客观评价指标均有明显提高。     

基于稀疏表示和结构自相似性的单幅图像盲解卷积算法

图像盲解卷积研究当模糊核未知时,如何从模糊图像复原出原始清晰图像.由于盲解卷积是一个欠定问题,现有的盲解卷积算法都直接或间接地利用各种先验知识.本文提出了一种结合稀疏表示与结构自相似性的单幅图像盲解卷积算法,该算法将图像的稀疏性先验和结构自相似性先验作为正则化约束加入到图像盲解卷积的目标函数中,并利用图像不同尺度间的结构自相似性,将观测模糊图像的降采样图像作为稀疏表示字典的训练样本,保证清晰图像在该字典下的稀疏性.最后利用交替求解的方式估计模糊核和清晰图像.模拟和真实数据上的实验表明本文算法能够准确估计模糊核,复原清晰的图像边缘,并具有很好的鲁棒性.     

强边缘导向的盲去模糊算法

目的 在图像的获取过程中,成像设备与拍摄场景发生了相对位移,导致获取的实际图像存在信息丢失、模糊退化的现象,这极大地影响了图像的质量和人们的视觉体验,也影响了图像的后续处理。盲去卷积旨在从观测图像中估计模糊核并获得清晰图像,为此提出了一种基于强边缘的运动图像盲去模糊算法。方法 结合图像梯度稀疏性,采用自适应l₀范数约束待估计图像梯度的强边缘;针对模糊核稀疏性和连续性,以l₀-l₂范数分别约束模糊核的像素和梯度,同时把模糊核归一化先验作为正则项引入模型中,以强边缘指导模糊核估计。在去模糊阶段,结合全变分与超拉普拉斯正则化方法的优点,将两种方法复原的图像取平均,以减轻复原图像中的振铃效应,同时保留更多的图像细节。结果 为了检验本文算法的有效性,对Levin测试集和实际拍摄的模糊图像分别进行仿真,并同现有算法进行比较。Levin测试集上的实验结果表明,提出的盲反卷积成功率为100%且在对比算法中具有最高PSNR;实际彩色图像的盲反卷积实验表明,相比于其他算法,本文算法获得的模糊核具有更准确的支撑和较少的噪点,获得的清晰图像具有较优的视觉效果。结论 该方法从定量和定性比较上都体现了较好的去运动模糊能力,可适用于遥感、医学等领域。     

基于双L_0稀疏先验的图像运动去模糊

目前图像的运动去模糊方法在处理较复杂的运动模糊时难以得到理想的效果,其原因之一是这些方法普遍只考虑图像梯度的稀疏性,忽略了模糊核的稀疏性。针对这一不足提出一种新的双L_0正则约束的运动模糊去除方法,该方法同时对自然图像梯度和模糊核使用L_0正则约束,结合半正定二次分裂最小化的方法进行求解优化,实现自然模糊图像梯度和模糊核均稀疏下的模糊核估计,并进一步使用L_(0.5)超拉普拉斯正则约束项恢复最终图像。实验发现,该方法可以较好地去除单幅图像较复杂的运动模糊,更好地克服了估计的模糊核中存在的噪点和错误,得到较现有方法更加理想去模糊效果。     

一种基于改进的暗通道先验的运动模糊核估计方法

传统的暗通道先验已成功地运用于单一图像去模糊问题,但是,当模糊图像具有显著噪声时,暗通道先验无法对模糊核估计起到作用.因此,得益于分数阶计算能够有效地抑制信号的噪声并对信号的低频部分进行增强,将分数阶计算理论与模糊图像的暗通道先验相结合,提出一种基于改进的暗通道先验的运动模糊核估计方法.首先,结合最大后验估计算法与分数阶暗通道先验,构建出运动模糊图像的核估计模型;其次,利用半二次方分裂法解决模型的非凸问题;最后,根据粗糙-精细的策略,利用多尺度迭代框架估计出准确图像的模糊核,进而利用非盲去模糊的方法求解清晰图像.实验结果表明:在有无显著噪声的模糊图像中,所提出的算法虽然所需计算时间较长,但是能够获得较为准确的模糊核,并且能够减少图像噪声以及振铃伪影,提高清晰图像估计的质量;此外,对于不同类型的模糊图像,所提出的算法也同样适用.     

联合自适应梯度稀疏和通道相关性的简单透镜成像去模糊

成像过程中的光学像差,使得简单透镜成像系统只能获得低质量的模糊图像。针对这类模糊问题,提出一种联合自适应梯度稀疏和通道间相关性的去模糊算法。该算法对模糊图像3个颜色通道的平滑区域点和边缘点采用不同的稀疏约束,同时利用3个通道间的相关性,借助某个通道保留的边缘信息来复原其他通道的边缘信息。仿真实验结果表明,该方法对简单透镜获得的模糊图像复原质量较高,能取得较好的视觉效果。     

基于稀疏表示的单帧运动图像盲复原

提出一种基于稀疏表示的单帧运动盲复原方法,它充分利用自然图像中存在的各种先验知识进行求解。该方法分为模糊核估计和图像修复两个阶段。在估计模糊核时,它运用shock滤波器从模糊图像中预测出清晰边缘,以此指导全局图像的复原,并运用多尺度策略来解决大模糊核问题。在图像修复阶段,运用稀疏表示理论对复原图像进行降噪和重建,最终提高图像复原质量。实验结果表明,在不同噪声和模糊核条件下,该算法能有效消除运动模糊。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。