Nuclear Data Sheets for A=75

The experimental nuclear data for mass=75 have been reviewed, superceding 1981 evaluation by Ekstrom (81Ek02). Detailed level and decay schemes together with summary (adopted), arguments for Jπ assignments and experimental data of the known nuclei (Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb) are presented. ⁷⁵Cu has been identified as a β⁻ delayed neutron emission precursor while ⁷⁵Ga has been studied in detail in ⁷⁵Zn β⁻ decay recently. In ⁷⁵Ge, there are quite a few new data available, specially on particle-transfer reactions. Not much new information is known for ⁷⁵As except for a particle transfer reaction and ⁷⁵Se ε decay. The same is true for ⁷⁵Se except for a neutron capture study. New data have been reported for ⁷⁵Kr and ⁷⁵Br.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 144

Experimental nuclear structure data are presented for all known nuclides with mass 144.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 161

Nuclear data based on the available experimental information on A = 161 nuclides are presented.All nuclides with 64 ? Z ? 72 for this A-value are known. The 4.2-m Z = 70 (Yb) isobar has been reported only recently; this activity was assigned earlier to A = 160. An isomer in ¹⁶¹Lu is known; however, nothing is known about its ground state. It is also not certain if the 17-s state in ¹⁶¹Hf is indeed its ground state.In the following pages, the level properties, spin assignments, comments and gamma-ray properties precede the experimental data for each nuclide.It has been attempted to include all data prior to July 31, 1974. Some of the older data have been omitted or referenced as “other measurements.” Unless indicated otherwise, all energies are in keV.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 198

The 2002 version of Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 198 (2002Zh04) has been updated and revised on the basis of the experimental results from various decay and reaction studies before June 2008. The experimental data for all known nuclei of A = 198 (Ir,Pt,Au,Hg, Tl,Pb,Bi,Po,At,Rn) have been reevaluated. The experimental methods, references, Jπ arguments, and necessary comments are given in the text. The theoretical internal conversion coefficient (ICC) (and its associated uncertainty) for γ-rays have been interpolated from theoretical values based on the “Frozen Orbital” approximation (2002Ba85) using the BRICC(v2.2) computer program. Summary band-structure drawings and level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. Also of special interest are the new levels of ¹⁹⁸Ir, ¹⁹⁸Tl nuclei and identification of new superdeformed bands in ¹⁹⁸Pb and ¹⁹⁸Po.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 50

The experimental nuclear spectroscopic data for known nuclides of mass number 50 (Cl,Ar,K,Ca,Sc,Ti,V, Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni) have been evaluated and presented together with Adopted properties for levels and γ rays. This evaluation has been carried out about 15 years after the previous one by Thomas Burrows (1995Bu29). Except for ⁵⁰Sc and ⁵⁰V, extensive new data have become available for all the other nuclides in the intervening years. The data for ⁵⁰Sc and ⁵⁰V have also been checked again in detail and several changes made. No data are yet available for excited states in ⁵⁰Cl, ⁵⁰Ar and ⁵⁰Ni. This work supersedes earlier evaluations (1995Bu29, 1990Bu18, 1984Al29, 1976Au07) of A=50 nuclides.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 133

Evaluated nuclear structure and decay data for all nuclei within the A=133 mass chain are presented. The experimental data are evaluated and best values for level and gamma-ray energies, quantum numbers, lifetimes, gamma-ray intensities, and other nuclear properties are recommended. Inconsistencies and discrepancies that exist in the literature are noted. This work supersedes the earlier evaluation by S. Raab (1995Ra12), published in Nuclear Data Sheets75, 491 (1995).     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 75

The experimental nuclear spectroscopic data for known nuclides of mass number 75 (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr) have been evaluated and presented together with Adopted properties for levels and γ rays. New high-spin data are available for ⁷⁵Ga, and ⁷⁵Rb; and lifetime data for high-spin states in ⁷⁵Br and ⁷⁵Kr. For ΔJ =1, M1+E2 transitions in two rotational bands in ⁷⁵Kr, several B(E2)(W.u.) values are anomalously high, deviating by 2–3 σ values from currently accepted RUL(E2) = 300. In the opinion of the evaluators, there is need to remeasure level lifetimes and multipole mixing ratios in ⁷⁵Kr to resolve this serious discrepancy. New precise single-particle transfer cross section data are available for ⁷⁵Ga, ⁷⁵Ge, ⁷⁵As and ⁷⁵Se from several different reactions (2009Ka06,2008Sc03); these data give information for occupancy of valence neutron orbitals in the ground states of target nuclides: ⁷⁶Ge, ⁷⁶Se and ⁷⁸Se. No significant new data since the 1999 NDS for A = 75 have been reported for ⁷⁵As and ⁷⁵Se. No data are yet available for excited states in ⁷⁵Co, ⁷⁵Ni and ⁷⁵Sr. For ⁷⁵Fe, only the isotopic identification is made with one observed event. The radioactive decay schemes of ⁷⁵Co and ⁷⁵Ni are unknown while those for ⁷⁵Rb and ⁷⁵Sr are incomplete. This work supersedes the data presented in the previous NDS evaluation of A = 75 published by 1999Fa05.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 78

The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for known nuclides of mass 78 (Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,Ge,As,Se,Br,Kr,Rb,Sr,Y,Zr). Excited-state data are nonexistent for ⁷⁸Ni, ⁷⁸Cu and ⁷⁸Zr. For ⁷⁸Zr, only the isotopic identification is established without any knowledge of its half-life and decay modes. Only limited excited state data exist for ⁷⁸Y. The radioactive decays of the following isotopes are not considered by the evaluators as well established: ⁷⁸Cu, ^78mRb, ⁷⁸Sr and ⁷⁸Y. High-spin excitations are known for ⁷⁸As, ⁷⁸Se, ⁷⁸Br, ⁷⁸Kr, ⁷⁸Rb and ⁷⁸Sr. Significant amounts of new data have been added since the last NDS publication of A = 78 evaluation more than 18 years ago.This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A = 78 published by 1981Si13 and 1975Ru01 and the one published in ‘update’ mode by 1991Ra06.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=198

The1995versionofnucleardatasheetsforA=198hasbeenevaluatedandrevisedonthebasisofdecayandreactionexperiments,whichleadtonucleiintheA=198masschain.Thedatasetsofexperimentalreactionanddecaystudiesarepresentedinthedrawingsortables.Theadoptedvaluesoflevelsandth…     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 249

The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for known nuclides of mass 249 (Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No). ²⁴⁹No has not been identified as yet. Significant amounts of new data have been added since the last evaluation of A=249 nuclides. This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A=249 published by 1999Ar21.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 143

The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies for all nuclei with mass number A = 143. The evaluation, which includes all data received by May 2011, supersedes the 2001 evaluation by J.K. Tuli, published in Nuclear Data Sheets94, 605 (2001).     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 230

The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions for all isobars with mass number A=230. This evaluation includes the first experimental evidence of ²³⁰Am, produced through the ¹⁹⁷Au(⁴⁰Ar,3n)²³⁴Bk (α decay to ²³⁰Am) reaction, E(⁴⁰Ar)=188.4 MeV (2003MoZX).     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 150

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=150 (last compiled in 1964) have been prepared using all pertinent experimental information from more than 300 papers (received prior to March 1975). Some information is now available for 11 elements, from Ce through Er.This mass chain is of particular interest since it lies in a region of transition from spherical to deformed nuclei; sufficient J^π-information is available for Sm to enable a meaningful comparison of its low-lying bands of levels with those of nearby nuclei. Less extensive level schemes now exist for Gd (about 40 levels, 7 firm J^π-assignments) and Nd (10 levels, 3 firm J^π-assignments). The 4 states postulated on the basis of γ-cascades in each of Ce and Dy require verification. In the odd-mass A=150 nuclei (Pr, Pm, Eu, Tb, Ho) only one excited state has been identified (in Tb) apart from isomeric states. Isomers exist for Eu, Tb and possibly Ho, but the excitation energy is unknown in each case so it is not clear which long-lived state is the ground state, although most authors assume low-spin Eu and Tb to represent the ground state. Spin measurements for Pr, Pm, Tb and Ho ground states and Eu and Tb isomeric states are needed since shell-model systematics do not give reliable predictions in this mass region and (β⁺ + ε)-decay does not generate definite assignments.T_½ ≈ 34 y is now adopted for high-spin Eu, and the possible existence of a third long-lived state of Eu (to explain earlier data giving T_½ ≈ 6 y for the former state) is presently under investigation by J. Mihelich.The adopted value of Q⁺ for 3-h Tb (based on experimental E_β) disagrees with the value in the current mass table, presumably because the latter assumes that 3-h Tb (J=2?) a-decay populates the 4^? ground state of ¹⁴⁶Eu.Despite the volume of Sm(n,γ) data available, the majority of transitions remain unplaced, and a number of unresolved doublets presumably persist. [Extensive, Ge(Li) detector coincidence data would probably resolve many existing ambiguities.] Separate experiments yield inconsistent intensities for a number of weak ce-lines.Because of space limitations, theoretical conversion coefficients used to deduce multipolarities for Sm and Gd transitions are not shown but are available from the authors upon request.Note that 3-h Tb, 34-y Eu, and 40-s Ho decay schemes and much of the Nd level scheme are based on presently unpublished data.The following is a partial list of papers pertaining to A=150 nuclei, but containing no new experimental data for those nuclei: Ce: 71Ge15, 72Wi15, 73Fl02; Dy: 60To05, 64Ma17; Eu: 60To05; Gd: 60To05, 72Hs07; Nd: 65So04, 70Se18, 70Va22, 72Ab18, 72Br61, 72Ru08, 73Ab06, 73Gu09, 73Le19, 73Me05, 73Me08, 73Pr14, 73Pr19, 73To15, 74Ca05, 74En08; Pm: 60To05; Sm: 65Le23, 68Lu12, 69Ca02, 70Be72, 70Ra28, 70Ru05, 70Sc35, 70Se18, 70So02, 71Be95, 71Dz04, 71Ku32, 71Ta27, 72BaC7, 72BeA2, 72Ko58, 72Ma17, 72Wi15, 73Bu30, 73Gu09, 73Pe15, 73Pr14, 73Sa14, 73Si25, 74Ca05, 74Ja13, 74Kr16, 74Ku14, 74Le26; Tb: 60To05, 72Ar36.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 183

The available experimental data pertaining to the nuclei with A = 183 are compiled. The data from various decay and reaction experiments have been evaluated, compared, and combined to present an adopted level scheme for each nucleus. Arguments for spin, parity, and Nilsson level assignments are given. In addition, there are comments about the adopted level schemes and about discrepancies and deficiencies in the existing information.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 188

Nuclear spectroscopic data for all known nuclides with mass number 188 have been compiled, evaluated and presented together with adopted values for level properties and selected γ-rays.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=76

The 1976 version of A=76 mass chain (76Be41) has been revised. Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 76 (Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb) has been evaluated and presented together with adopted level energies, level Jπ's and γ-rays in these nuclei. No data are yet available for excited states in ⁷⁶Zn and ⁷⁶Rb. Levels in ⁷⁶Ga are known only from a tentative level scheme from ⁷⁶Zn decay.High spin levels and band structures are known for ⁷⁶Se, ⁷⁶Br, and ⁷⁶Kr from (HI,xnγ) reactions.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 146

A summary of information obtained in various reaction and decay experiments is presented, together with adopted level schemes.     

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=171

Experimental data pertaining to all nuclei with mass number A=171 have been evaluated. Level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented, along with associated tables of experimental data and adopted properties for levels and transitions.