基于双嵌入卷积神经网络的涉案微博评价对象抽取

涉案微博的评价对象抽取是一个特定领域的任务,其评价对象词表达多样且含义与通用领域不同,仅依赖于通用领域的词嵌入无法很好地表征这些评价对象词.为此,提出了一种综合利用领域词嵌入和通用词嵌入的涉案微博评价对象抽取方法.首先对涉案微博文本进行预训练,得到具有涉案领域特征的嵌入层,其次将微博评论分别输入两个嵌入层,得到不同领域对评价对象的表征结果并进行拼接操作,然后通过卷积层抽取出与案件相关的特征,最后利用分类器对序列进行标记,以提取涉案微博评价对象.实验结果表明,所提方法的F1值在#重庆公交车坠江案#和#奔驰女司机维权案#的两个数据集上分别达到了72.36％和71.02％,较现有的基准模型有所提升,验证了不同领域词嵌入对涉案微博评价对象抽取的影响.     

利用双主题表征的涉案微博评价对象识别方法

微博评价对象识别是涉案网络舆情分析的基础. 目前基于主题表征的评价对象识别方法需要预设固定的主题数目, 且最终评价对象识别依赖人工推断. 针对此问题, 提出一种弱监督涉案微博评价对象识别方法, 仅采用少量标签评论即可实现对评价对象的自动识别. 具体实现思路为: 首先基于变分双主题表征网络对评论进行两次编码和重构, 获得丰富的主题特征; 然后, 利用少量标签评论, 引导主题表征网络自动判别评价对象类别; 最后采用联合训练策略, 对双主题表征的重构损失与评价对象分类损失进行联合调优, 最终实现对评价对象的自动分类和评价对象词项的挖掘. 在涉案舆情的两个数据集上进行了实验, 结果表明, 所提出的模型在评价对象分类、评价对象词项的主题连贯性和多样性等方面均优于几个基线模型.     

基于动态记忆案件描述的涉案微博评论讽刺句检测方法

涉案微博评论讽刺句检测的难点在于评论句字面语义与实际情感存在着较大差异,仅利用评论本身的特征难以判断,而涉案微博正文是案件的事实性描述,可以将其作为评论讽刺句检测的依据。为此,该文提出一种基于动态记忆案件描述的讽刺检测方法。首先利用动态记忆机制对微博正文进行案件特征抽取,其次利用注意力机制获得评论句特征,并与案件特征进行一致性比较,最后基于比较的特征进行讽刺句分类。实验结果表明,该文所提出方法的准确率和F₁值分别达到85.65%和85.91%,较基线模型有较大提升,验证了案件描述对涉案微博评论讽刺句检测有很好的支撑作用。     

基于正文和评论交互注意的微博案件方面识别

微博案件观点所涉方面的自动识别是了解互联网社交媒体新闻舆情的重要手段,但由于微博文本形式和内容均灵活多变,传统的方面识别方法通常只利用单一的正文或评论,使微博语义理解非常有限。针对涉案微博文本的方面识别问题开展研究,提出一种基于正文和评论交互注意的案件方面识别方法,通过融合社交媒体的上下文信息,实现对案件观点所涉方面的识别。首先基于Transformer框架对正文和评论分别进行编码;然后基于交互注意力机制,实现正文信息和评论信息的融合,并基于融合后的特征实现对评论文本案件方面的识别;最后基于12个案件构建的微博数据集进行实验,实验结果表明,采用交互注意力机制融合微博正文信息和评论信息可以显著提升案件方面识别的准确率,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于CRFs和领域本体的中文微博评价对象抽取研究

微博情感分析是对微博内容进行细粒度的挖掘,有着重要的研究价值。微博评价对象的抽取是微博情感分析研究的关键问题之一。为了提高中文微博评价对象抽取的准确率,该文在中文微博特征分析和微博评论本体构建研究的基础上,尝试从词、词性、情感词以及本体四个方面进行特征选择,采用CRFs模型对评价对象进行抽取。该文将提出的方法运用到COAE2014测评的Task5评价对象抽取任务中,宏平均准确率达到61.20%,在所有测评队伍中居第一。实验结果表明,将本体特征引入到CRFs模型中,能够有效地提高评价对象抽取的准确率。     

基于深度学习的隐性评价对象识别方法

在线评论文本具有口语化的特点,其评价词缺少对应的评价对象,影响了细粒度情感分析的效果。为此,提出一种利用深度学习自动识别评价对象的方法。设计研究领域的文本序列标注规范,在对评论语料分词后,进行评价词与评价对象的命名实体标注,得到单词序列、词性序列和标注序列。将单词序列、词性序列转为神经网络语言模型的词向量,并用循环神经网络进行训练,采用条件随机场(CRF)输出评价对象标签,得到缺失的评价对象。实验结果表明,与单一CRF模型相比,BiLSTM+CRF模型和BiGRU+CRF模型的识别效果较好,BiGRU+CRF模型的F1值最高可达0.84。     

一种通过评价类别分类提升评价对象抽取性能的方法

评价对象抽取主要用于文本的意见挖掘,旨在发掘评论文本中的评价对象实体。基于无监督的自编码器方法可以识别评论语料库中潜藏的主题信息,且无需人工标注语料,但自编码器抽取的评价对象缺乏多样性。提出一种基于监督学习的句子级分类任务和无监督学习自编码器混合模型。该模型通过训练一个分类器生成评价对象类别,对自编码器共享分类任务中的LSTM-Attention结构进行编码得到句向量表征,以增加语义关联度,根据得到的评价对象类别将句向量表征转化为中间层语义向量,从而捕捉到评价对象类别与评价对象之间的相关性,提高编码器的编码能力,最终通过对句向量的重构进行解码得到评价对象矩阵,并依据计算评价对象矩阵与句中单词的余弦相似度完成评价对象的抽取。在多领域评论语料库上的实验结果表明,与k-means、LocLDA等方法相比,该方法评价指标在餐厅领域中提升了3.7%,在酒店领域中提升了2.1%,可有效解决训练过程缺少评价类别多样性的问题,具有较好的评价对象抽取能力。     

基于特征扩展卷积神经网络的案件微博观点句识别

通常的微博观点句识别主要根据微博评论本身是否带有观点来进行判断,而案件微博的观点句识别需要进一步考虑该评论是否讨论与特定案件相关的主题。针对这一任务,该文提出一种结合微博原文进行特征扩展的观点句识别模型。以卷积神经网络分类模型为基本框架,在嵌入层加入案件微博原文中的关键词向量,与对应评论词向量进行拼接;利用扩展的特征进行观点句识别。实验表明,该模型在根据案件微博爬取的两个数据集下准确率分别达到84.74%和82.09%,与现有的基准模型相比有较明显提升。     

基于案件要素指导的涉案舆情新闻文本摘要方法

涉案舆情新闻文本摘要任务是从涉及特定案件的舆情新闻文本中,获取重要信息作为其简短摘要,因此对于相关人员快速掌控舆情态势具有重要作用。涉案舆情新闻文本摘要相比开放域文本摘要任务,通常涉及特定的案件要素,这些要素对摘要生成过程有重要的指导作用。因此,该文结合深度学习框架,提出了一种融入案件要素的涉案舆情新闻文本摘要方法。首先构建涉案舆情新闻摘要数据集并定义相关案件要素,然后通过注意力机制将案件要素信息融入新闻文本的词、句子双层编码过程中,生成带有案件要素信息的新闻文本表征,最后利用多特征分类层对句子进行分类。为了验证算法有效性,在构造的涉案舆情新闻摘要数据集上进行实验。实验结果表明,该方法相比基准模型取得了更好的效果,具有有效性和先进性。     

结合RoBERTa和BiSRU-AT的微博用户情感分类研究

针对传统词向量如Word2Vec无法表示多义词,以及现有情感分类模型特征提取能力不足等问题,提出了将RoBERTa(robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach)和BiSRU-AT的微博用户情感分类模型结合的方法。预训练模型RoBERTa,通过参考词所处的具体上下文位置学习到词的动态语义表征向量;BiSRU-AT模块二次提取文本序列特征、软注意力机制为关键词分配更高权重。在真实新浪微博用户评论数据集进行实验,结果表明,RoBERTa-BiSRU-AT模型取得了更高的分类准确率,BiSRU训练效率更优,证明RoBERTa与BiSRU-AT结合的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。