Preparation and corrosion resistance of short basalt fiber/7075 aluminum composite

Aiming at the problem of poor corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy drill pipe materials in an alkaline environment, an innovative short basalt fiber/aluminum composite is prepared by vacuum hot-press sintering technique. Also, the corrosion behavior of the composites is investigated by hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests. The results show that the corrosion resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy is significantly improved after adding 1.0 wt% short basalt fiber. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the main component of basalt fiber, SiO₂, reacts with the aluminum matrix to produce a large amount of Al₂O₃. Meanwhile, Si atoms diffuse into the metal melt. This reaction improves the strength and density of the oxide film of the composite material, thereby improving its corrosion resistance.     

厚壁无缝钢管垂直挤压模具及润滑工艺研究

针对厚壁无缝钢管的特点,对热挤压法制造无缝钢管中的垂直挤压工艺进行研究。介绍了厚壁无缝钢管热挤压的工艺流程,并重点分析模具结构和润滑条件热挤压工艺过程中的两大重要因素。最终提出了多角度挤压入模角的模具结构及模具—坯料复合润滑方案,在降低挤压力的同时获得了表面质量较高、综合力学性能较好的厚壁无缝钢管。     

New coatings for the corrosion protection of steel pipelines and pilings in severely aggressive environments

Two of the most aggressive corrosion environments for steel structures are elevated temperatures and exposure in the marine tidal and splash zone areas. There are now cold applied tape based products available which protect steel pipe or pilings exposed in these environments. These two distinct coatings are cold-applied systems and may be used as coatings on original projects or as rehabilitation coatings. The elevated temperature coating is a three layer system comprised of a high temperature liquid adhesive (primer) and a tape made from a heat resistant multiple alloy polymer with a high temperature resistant adhesive. This high temperature pipeline coating has been proven effective by high temperature testing in 14 pipeline industry laboratories and by field experiences by 30+ pipeline operators all over the world. The upper temperature limit for this high temperature tape system is 121°C (250°F). The cold-applied coating for steel circular pilings in marine environments is a six layer composite module which combines corrosion inhibitors and high mechanical strength. The modules are drawn around the piling by a mechanical closure mechanism either above or below the tide level during installation. The technical aspects of formulation, construction and installation of this protective system will be discussed.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF BASALTS IN LANCANG VOLCANIC ROCK BELT AND THEIR TECTONIC SETTING

ＳＵＲＶＥＹＯＦＧＥＯＬＯＧＹＬａｎｃａｎｇｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃｂｅｌｔｌｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,Ｐ．Ｒ．Ｃｈｉｎａａｎｄｆｒｏｍｎｏｒｔｈｔｏｓｏｕｔｈ,ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈＣｈａｎｇｌｉｎ,Ｌａｎ...     

玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝基复合材料的界面结构及力学行为

采用喷射成形技术制备7A04铝合金及玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝合金复合材料,利用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析复合材料微观组织和界面结构,对比研究复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:玄武岩颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布,并与铝基体形成强力结合界面,玄武岩颗粒边缘的SiO2不断被反应生成的Al2O3取代,形成一层几十纳米厚度的高温反应层,反应生成的Al2O3强化玄武岩颗粒与铝基体的结合界面;弥散分布的玄武岩颗粒促进基体中位错增殖、空位形成和析出相的析出,析出相主要以板状的η(MgZn2)相和亮白色条状或椭球状的T(Al2Mg3Zn3)相为主,结合界面、高位错密度及弥散分布的第二相显著提高复合材料的力学性能,添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金复合材料的屈服强度和极限拉伸强度分别达667 MPa和696 MPa,与未添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金相比分别提高10.4%和10.1%。     

不锈钢复合钢管组织及其性能

采取外层先离心浇注10号钢,再浇注内层1Cr18Ni9Ti得到离心复合空心管坯,管坯内外表面加工后进行热挤压和冷轧,试制出了47mm×4.5mm的碳钢/不锈钢复合钢管,对不锈钢离心复合管坯生产复合钢管工艺路线进行研究,并对复合管金相组织、性能及结合层质量等方面进行分析。结果表明,复合管内外层冶金结合良好,晶粒明显细化,终轧后晶粒由铸态时3.0～3.5级变为7.0～8.0级,复合管压扁、弯曲及热处理后晶界腐蚀检验合格。     

37CrMnMo钢管径向摩擦焊接头组织与性能

在优化焊接工艺参数下实现了45钢径向环与37CrMnMo钢管的径向摩擦焊接.试验结果表明,径向环发生了强烈地塑性变形,焊缝表面有明显的氧化色,管体上具有很窄的热影响区.焊缝抗剪强度平均达401 MPa,略高于径向环母材.硬度从焊缝结合界面向两侧的径向环和管体母材逐渐降低.焊缝剪切断口平滑,呈现明显的剪切韧窝断裂特征,表明焊缝具有较好的塑韧性.接头金相组织分析结果表明,焊缝具有很窄的结合面,45钢径向环和37CrMnMo钢管体侧热影响区组织分别为铁素体＋珠光体＋贝氏体和贝氏体＋少量马氏体,相比较母材产生了少量的马氏体组织,但焊缝中心及热影区的组织得到了细化.     

Assessment of the crack growth characteristics at the low corrosion fatigue limit of an A106 Gr b steel pipe weld

In the area of heavy construction, welding processes are vital in the production and maintenance of pipelines and power plants. The fusion welding process generates formidable welding residual stresses and metallurgical change, which increase the crack driving force and reduce the resistance of brittle fracture as well as environmental fracture. This is a serious problem with many alloys as well as A106 Gr B steel pipe. This pipe, used in petrochemical and heavy chemical plants, either degrades due to corrosive environments, e.g., chlorides and sulfides, and/or becomes damaged during service due to the various corrosion damage mechanisms. Thus, in this study, the sulfide corrosion fatigue strength of multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe was evaluated in a 5.0 wt.% NaCl solution that was saturated with H2S gas at room temperature on the basis of NACE TM 0177-90. The crack growth characteristics of the welded pipe were then assessed at the low limit of sulfide corrosion fatigue strength, which was previously obtained from the sulfide corrosion fatigue (SCF) tests. From the results, in terms of the SCF, all the specimens failed at the heat-affected zone, where a high welding residual stress distributes. It was found that the fatigue crack grew at the low corrosion fatigue limit (σ _{SCFun-notched}), which was 32 % (160MPa) of the ultimate tensile strength (502MPa) of the welded specimens.     

双金属复合弯管的研制和应用

提出了一种制备双金属复合弯管的新方法———消失模真空吸铸法。采用该法成功地制出了高铬铸铁／１６Ｍｎ钢双金属复合弯管,进行了室温机械性能和实际工况使用检验。结果表明,２种金属熔接成冶金结合。与１６Ｍｎ钢弯管、陶瓷复合弯管相比较,耐磨性有较大幅度地提高。     

钢管表面铜金属污染的危害性分析

天然气输气管线钢管的母材在现场检测时发现硬度不合格现象,通过宏观观察、电镜扫描、金相分析及微观硬度测试等多种检测方法确定钢管表面有铜金属污染存在.铜金属污染实质上属于异金属夹杂,产生的原因是冶炼操作不当,合金料未完全熔化或浇注系统中掉入异金属.该异金属夹杂物由于与基体的组织、性能均不同,与基体组织有明显的界限,会割裂基...     

铝合金/合金钢异种金属摩擦焊接头组织与性能

针对油气资源勘探开发用钻杆轻量化的需求,以小尺寸试棒7075-T6铝合金和37CrMnMo合金钢利用连续驱动摩擦焊技术实现连接,探索开发铝合金/合金钢轻量化复合钻杆焊接制造的可能性和可行性,研究了焊接工艺参数对接头成形、微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,接头界面铝侧的晶粒受到力和热的作用发生完全动态再结晶,而在热力影...     

Local corrosion dissolution of steel in earth-simulating solutions

Methods of optical in situ microscopy and scanning reflectometry were used to determine that localized corrosion defects (pitting) emerging on a pipe steel in a neutral solution simulate a neutral underfilm solution. The initial stages of this process were studied. The density, mean radius,and dimensions of corrosion spots (or pits) were determined. It was shown that the defects grew mainly into a depth that exceeded 100 μm after several hours and attained 600 μm after 33 days of corrosion tests. Similar behavior may lead to corrosion cracking under the cyclic mechanical stresses. The stress intensity factors realizable in steel in the event of localized corrosion defects were calculated, and the possibility of determining the danger of corrosion cracking initiation under stress of pipe steel was determined on the basis of both optical and electrochemical data.     

我国无缝钢管生产技术进步20年

分析了我国近 2 0年来新建、改造、在建各种类型无缝钢管机组的装备水平、生产能力、产品结构特点 ;综述了我国无缝钢管生产的发展历程并对今后的发展提出建议。同时 ,简要介绍了无缝钢管生产新技术———三辊限动芯棒连轧管机组的优点     

Assessment of the electrochemical corrosion properties and environmentally induced cracking of an A106 Gr B steel pipe weld in a NaCl solution saturated with H2S gas

In the area of heavy construction, welding processes are vital in the production and maintenance of pipelines and power plants. The fusion welding process generates formidable welding residual stress and metallurgical change, which together increase the crack driving force and reduce the resistance against brittle fracturing and environmental fracturing. This is a serious problem with many alloys, and it also arises in A106 Gr B steel pipes. This type of piping, which is used in petrochemical and heavy chemical plants, either degrades due to the corrosive environment, e.g., those containing chlorides and sulfides, and/or become damaged during service due to various corrosion damage mechanisms. Thus, in this study, after numerical and experimental analyses of the welding residual stress of a multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe weld, the electrochemical corrosion properties and environmentally induced cracking of an A106 Gr B steel pipe weld were assessed in a 5.0 wt.% NaCl solution that was saturated with H2S gas at room temperature on the basis of NACE TM 0177-90. In terms of sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) and sulfide corrosion fatigue (SCF), the low SSCC limit of smooth specimens, σ_SSCCsmooth, and the SCF limit, Δσ_SCF, were 46 % and 32 % (160 MPa) of the ultimate tensile strength (502 MPa) of an A106 Gr B steel pipe weld, respectively. Further, (Δσ_res)_SCF was assessed under 75 MPa, which is 15 % of the tensile strength.     

铜/钢复合管爆炸焊接数值模拟及边界效应

以铜/钢复合管为研究对象,利用AUTODYN有限元软件SPH和ALE法对爆炸焊接过程进行二维数值模拟,分析了焊接动态过程和边界效应问题,并对铜/钢复合管进行了爆炸焊接试验。结果表明,在爆轰波作用下,复管与基管发生倾斜碰撞,碰撞区域压力稳定在10⁷ kPa的数量级,在碰撞区附近出现1条塑性变形带,且复管和基管上的剪切应力相反,界面形态随着爆炸波的传播从直线变为波状,这与试验中获得的T2/316L双金属复合管的实际界面形态一致,说明有限元模型能够有效模拟双金属复合管爆炸焊接过程。数值模拟过程中边缘动态参数值均小于正常值,存在边界效应,增加复管和炸药的长度可以消除边界效应。     

G115钢热压弯成形工艺试验研究

分析了电站典型管件热压弯头、热压三通及热压封头的变形特点,其中热压三通的变形率最大,可达38％.并对G115钢热压弯成形进行了仿真模拟,结果可涵盖变形最为严重的情况.进而设计了热压弯工艺试验,研究了不同成形温度、道次和冷却方式对成形的影响,并对试样进行了外观检验、渗透检验、硬度检验和微观组织观察.通过热压弯工艺试验研究...     

12CrMoV钢焊接缺陷分析

观察电厂12CrMoV钢管母材、熔合区、焊缝和热影响区等位置的金相组织,测试12CrMoV钢管母材的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率,分析管道出现裂纹、引起泄漏的原因。结果表明:母材拉伸试验值(R_(eL)、R_m、A)均满足标准要求(12CrMoV/GB5310);沿断口侧焊接接头整个熔合区分布着大量密集氢气孔(夹杂),降低了焊接接头的机械性能,同时产生应力集中,在外部应力(蒸汽压力、管道振动等)的作用下致使焊缝开裂、泄漏。并针对上述问题提出了改进的方法。     

氧化铝陶瓷内衬复合钢管在稀相气力输送中的应用

本文简述了目前电解铝厂普遍采用普通钢管用于稀相输送的状况。同时根据氧化铝陶瓷内衬复合钢管的性能以及在气力输送方面的实际运用,认为采用氧化铝陶瓷内衬复合钢管代替普通钢管能大大提高管路的寿命,降低输送系统的运行和维护成本,有很高的实用价值。     

微合金化技术开发800MPa级高韧直缝焊管钢

采用微合金化和热轧后超快冷等技术生产得到800 MPa级高韧直缝钢管钢,借助OM、SEM、TEM和室温拉伸等,研究了试验钢不同区域的组织与性能。研究表明,试验钢的热轧组织主要是粒状贝氏体+少量板条贝氏体;焊接热影响区粒状贝氏体体积分数减少到32.7%,板条贝氏体体积分数增加到30.5%,组织中出现针状铁素体和少量马氏体。试验钢热轧区主要以Ti为主进行复合微合金化,综合运用固溶强化、细晶强化、位错强化和析出强化,具有高的强韧性,屈服强度为804 MPa、抗拉强度为852 MPa、伸长率为21.5%。     

熔塑钢管及其生产设备的研制

介绍了一种新型管材-熔塑钢管的结构及其生产工艺，分析了熔塑钢管自动化生产线的设计思想、结构原理、关键技术以及控制系统。熔塑钢管生产线的设计兼具了生产效率和生产的柔性化要求，可以用于HDPE、LDPE、XPE及PPR等不同塑料与钢的复合，生产不同规格产品的相关零部件能够实现快速高速或更换。各工序的加工设备之间的快速传输以钢管焊接速度为时间控制点。