脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响研究

通过流变学试验、面包烘焙试验，探讨了国产脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响。试验表明，与对照组相比较，在添加脂肪酶后，面团的流变学性质、面包品质都得到一定改善。由烘焙试验结果可知，脂肪酶对面包制品的内部组织结构，面包芯柔软度等指标都有较好的改良作用。本试验条件下，添加脂肪酶20ppm为最适添加量。     

外源戊聚糖酶对国产小麦面包粉品质的影响

通过流变学试验、面包烘焙试验和面包芯质构测试,探讨了戊聚糖酶对国产小麦面包粉品质的影响。试验表明,与对照组相比较,在添加适量戊聚糖酶后,面团的流变学性质、面包品质都得到明显改善。质构测试显示,戊聚糖酶可以有效地延缓面包制品的老化现象。试验条件下,添加戊聚糖酶60μg/g(酶/小麦粉)为最适添加量。     

国产脂肪酶改良小麦粉品质的应用研究

通过面团流变学试验、蒸馒头试验、面包烘焙试验，探讨了国产脂肪酶对各类小麦粉品质的影响。试验表明，与对照组比较，在添加国产脂肪酶后，面团的流变学特性、面包品质、馒头品质都得到一定改善。烘焙实验结果表明，国产脂肪酶对面包制品的内部组织结构，面包柔软度等指标都有较好的改良作用。蒸馒头实验表明，国产脂肪酶能显著增大馒头的比容，改善馒头的内部组织结构和表皮光滑度。与进口脂肪酶进行了对比研究。筛选出含国产脂肪酶的复合馒头粉改良剂配方。     

脂肪酶替代双乙酰酒石酸单双甘油酯对压面面团流变学和面包烘焙特性的影响

将脂肪酶引入到面团体系中,与乳化剂双乙酰酒石酸单双甘油酯(DATEM)作对比,通过面包的比容和质构等评价指标,研究脂肪酶和乳化剂DATEM对面包烘焙品质的影响并进行比较分析。结果表明,相比于DATEM,添加脂肪酶可降低硬度和咀嚼性,提高抗老化特性,使面包芯组织柔软,并且感官评定得分提高。     

复合添加剂对面包烘焙品质的影响

以面包粉为主要原料,添加不同比例的葡萄糖氧化酶、真菌α－淀粉酶、脂肪酶、单硬脂酸甘油酯4种添加剂于面包配方中,用直接发酵法制作面包,研究不同的添加剂配比及含量对面包品质的影响．通过感官评价,同时利用质构仪对面包芯硬度进行测定,结果表明,1 kg面包粉中添加葡萄糖氧化酶30 mg,真菌α－淀粉酶2 mg,脂肪酶40 mg,单硬脂酸甘油酯1．5 g时,面包的烘焙品质得分最高,口感最好．     

红薯渣膳食纤维对面包烘焙特性的影响

目的:本试验对膳食纤维面包中红薯渣膳食纤维的添加对面包的比容、保水性、质构以及面包烘焙品质的影响进行了研究。方法:将提取的红薯渣膳食纤维添加到面包中,制成膳食纤维面包。利用称重法测定面包的比容和保水性;利用质构仪测定面包的质构特性,面包烘焙品质评分标准参照GB/T 14611-2008。结果:红薯渣膳食纤维的添加,对面包的弹性以及内聚性无显著变化。随着红薯渣膳食纤维添加量的逐渐增大,硬度、咀嚼性增大,比容呈逐渐下降的趋势。由于膳食纤维的保水性能,在一定时间内可使面包的失水能力降低,提高其持水性,较好的保持了面包的口感,延长面包的货架期。当红薯渣膳食纤维添加量为6%时,面包的体积外观、芯色泽、芯质地和芯纹理结构等综合品质达到了最佳状态。结论:红薯渣膳食纤维的添加降低了面包的比容,提高了保水性、硬度和咀嚼性,面包烘焙品质总体达到最佳状态。     

燕麦粉面包的加工及烘焙品质研究

本文研究了燕麦粉对面包的加工和品质的影响。在普通面包配方中添加5％～25％的燕麦粉替代小麦粉后,面包感官及比容评分都发生了变化;用正交试验研究了燕麦粉、活性干酵母、白砂糖和面包改良剂添加量对面包烘焙品质的影响,通过对感官评定和质构分析,确定了燕麦粉面包制作的最佳配方。即在基础配方中添加12％燕麦粉、1．4％活性干酵母和改良剂、18％白砂糖,燕麦粉面包具有较好的品质和持水性。     

燕麦粉面包的加工及烘焙品质研究

本文研究了燕麦粉对面包的加工和品质的影响。在普通面包配方中添加5％～25％的燕麦粉替代小麦粉后,面包感官及比容评分都发生了变化;用正交试验研究了燕麦粉、活性干酵母、白砂糖和面包改良剂添加量对面包烘焙品质的影响,通过对感官评定和质构分析,确定了燕麦粉面包制作的最佳配方。即在基础配方中添加12％燕麦粉、1．4％活性干酵母和改良剂、18％白砂糖,燕麦粉面包具有较好的品质和持水性。     

谷朊粉对面包基础粉品质特性的影响

探讨不同添加量的谷朊粉对面包基础粉蛋白质的品质、流变特性及面包烘焙品质的影响。结果表明:谷朊粉可以明显增加面包基础粉的湿面筋含量、沉淀值和蛋白质含量,强化其流变学特性,有效改善面包烘焙品质,增大面包比容和高径比并改善其弹性和硬度。当谷朊粉添加量为10%时,面包烘焙品质最好。     

麦精在面包中的应用

研究了麦精的不同添加量对面包烘焙品质的影响,并进行了面包的贮藏试验,得出了面包中麦精的最适添加量。研究发现,麦精的添加在一定程度上提高了面包的口感,改善了面包的感官品质、质构以及面包的持水性。此外添加麦精可以缩短发酵时间和烘焙时间,面包中麦精的最适添加量为4%。     

Functional effects of xanthan gum on composite cassava-wheat dough and bread

The use of composite flour for bread making is gradually gaining prominence worldwide due to some economic and nutritional reasons. However, studies on the application of functional ingredients purposely to improve composite bread quality are very few. This paper examines the functional role of xanthan gum (XG) on the properties of dough and bread from composite cassava-wheat flour. The viscoelastic properties of dough and gas retention characteristics of batter as well as the fresh and storage properties of bread from the composite flour (90% wheat plus 10% cassava) were studied. The crumb cell structure was also studied using digital image analysis technique. Inclusion of XG had significant effects on the dough tenacity and extensibility and sensory acceptability of fresh composite bread. The oven spring, specific volumes of bread loaf and crumb softness were higher at 1% XG content. Also, addition of XG made the composite bread samples had more open crumb structure and better sensory acceptability. However, moisture loss and crumb firming during bread storage were best reduced when 1% XG was added to bread formulation.     

糯米粉添加量对复配粉的理化性质及馒头品质的影响

糯米粉由于直链淀粉含量很低而被赋予其独特的理化性质。将糯米粉与小麦粉进行复配,研究不同添加量对复配粉粉质特性、糊化黏度和面团流变学的影响,同时采用质构和感官评价的方法对馒头的品质进行评价,优化得到最佳复配比例。结果表明:随着糯米粉比例的增加,复配粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和衰减值显著提高,糊化温度降低,面团的稳定性降低,粉质指数减小,同时改善了馒头的质地口感。当糯米粉添加量为10%~15%时使馒头的综合品质最佳,且对馒头的质构和感官特性有较大改善。     

Effect of Soybean 7S Protein Fractions, Obtained from Germinated and Nongerminated Seeds, on Dough Rheological Properties and Bread Quality

Germinated soybean flour has been proposed for use in bread making as a product to improve bread quality when small amounts are added to wheat flour. However, it is not clear which soybean components promote this action, and how these components may influence bread quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of soybean 7S protein fraction obtained from germinated and nongerminated seeds in dough rheological properties (farinographic and extensographic) and bread quality, including loaf volume, texture (firmness, compression force, resilience), colour (L*, a*, b*), crumb grain structure (cell density, mean cell area, shape factor), and consumer acceptance (sensory analysis). Results showed that this protein fraction just slightly affects bread quality, since no significant changes (P > 0.05) on bread volume and texture were obtained. Only crust and crumb colour were affected in a small amount, and a coarser crumb structure was also observed when adding 7S protein obtained from germinated soybean at its highest concentration. As the proportion of protein increased in the flour, both kinds of 7S fraction (germinated and nongerminated) were related to the increment in water absorption, as well as to the increment in extensographic maximum resistance to extension, specifically when adding 7S protein obtained from nongerminated soybean seeds. These results showed that the 7S soybean protein, as obtained in this work, is not related to the reported loaf bread quality improving effect of this legume when it is added in small quantities.     

Use of enzyme to improve the technological quality of a panettone like baked product

The aim of this work was to study the influence of amylase, xylanase and lypase on quality parameters of panettone. Two concentrations of each enzyme were utilised. Besides, enzymes were added to dough or to sponge in order to analyse the effect of the time at which the enzymes were added on bread quality. Results showed that enzymes improved the quality of the product. Depending on the enzyme, the effect was more remarkable on bread height, cell distribution or crumb texture. Particularly, lipase and amylase increased bread height and decreased bread hardness. Although xylanase did not modify bread height, it produced better grain crumb structure and changed the amount of water needed for dough development. Results were different when the additive was incorporated in sponge or in dough. Variability of effects and changes in the results depend both on the doses and on the time of incorporation, all of which provide opportunities to optimise the quality of panettone using a combination of enzymes.     

小麦麸皮的品质改良及含麸皮面包焙烤品质的研究

本研究采用微波辐照联合复合酶法对小麦麸皮进行改良,将改良后的小麦麸皮添加至高筋粉中得到不同小麦麸皮含量的含麸皮面粉并制作含麸皮面包。结果表明:改良后小麦麸皮中脂肪酶残余酶活和脂肪氧化酶残余酶活降低至0和10.34%、粗纤维含量降低至3.21%、还原糖含量上升至3.79 g/100 g。与改良前的全麦面包相比,改良后的全麦面包组织结构得以改善、全麦面包储藏7d后吸热焓值降低了14.70%、全麦面包中酮基、羰基、醛基含量增多。改良后的全麦面包比容增加了26.40%、硬度降低了32.90%、弹性增大了6.90%。随着改良麸皮添加量的增加,含麸皮面包组织结构变得粗糙多孔,含麸皮面包吸热焓值逐渐降低,酮基、羰基、醛基含量增多,含麸皮面包芯亮度逐渐变暗、比容逐渐降低、硬度逐渐增加、弹性逐渐减小、感官品质降低。与未稳定化麸皮含量16%的全麦面包相比,稳定化全麦面包的稳定性、贮藏性和质构得到明显提高。