牛乳中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留及检测方法的比较

介绍了牛乳中抗生素残留的原因及危害，描述了β-内酰胺类抗生素在牛乳中的残留特性及残留现状，阐述了不同抗生素残留检测方法的优缺点，为牛乳中抗生素残留的检测提供理论参考。     

牛乳中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留及检测方法的比较

介绍了牛乳中抗生素残留的原因及危害，描述了β-内酰胺类抗生素在牛乳中的残留特性及残留现状，阐述了不同抗生素残留检测方法的优缺点，为牛乳中抗生素残留的检测提供理论参考。     

牛乳中抗生素的残留及其控制对策

乳品中残留抗生素不仅危害人体的健康，而且也会对经济贸易造成影响。本文对牛乳中抗生素的残留来源、种类、危害、残留现状、检测方法进行了综述，并就控制牛乳中抗生素残留的对策谈了看法。     

生鲜牛乳中抗生素检测方法的新问题

国家标准中明确规定了生鲜牛乳中不得检出抗生素,GB/T4789.27-2003中也规定了鲜乳中抗生素残留的检测方法,但目前使用较多的β-内酰胺酶的使用,在一定程度上对检测工作带来了困难,掩盖了抗生素的残留量.本文从牛乳中抗生素的残留来源、检测方法和β-内酰胺酶的现状、检测两个方面进行论述.     

乳酸菌发酵法检测牛乳中抗生素残留

目的建立一种简单、准确的检测牛乳中抗生素残留的方法-乳酸菌发酵法。方法以接种量和温度为变量,优化发酵条件;以青霉素为目标抗生素,建立检测方法;以发酵4 h未凝乳的样品中抗生素最低浓度为检测限,测定本方法对20种抗生素的检测限;对比本方法和GB/T 4789.27方法检测111个商品乳样品中抗生素残留检出率,验证本方法的准确性。结果建立了乳酸菌发酵法检测乳中抗生素残留的具体方法;确定了本方法对8类20种抗生素的检测限,其中4类12种抗生素的检测限低于其在牛乳中的最大残留限量(MRL);本方法和GB/T 4789.27方法检测111个商品乳样品抗生素残留检出率分别为9.0%和11.7%。结论本方法操作简单,结果准确,适合企业及基层检测单位作为初筛方法检测牛乳中的抗生素残留。     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌检测牛乳中抗生素残留

采用嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌作为指示菌,制备牛乳抗生素检测微孔板,对牛乳中抗生素残留进行检测。结果表明,研制出的抗生素检测微孔板稳定性良好,操作简便、快捷、灵敏度高,结果容易判断。具有广谱性,可检测β-内酰胺类、磺胺类、四环素类和氨基糖苷类等多类牛乳中常见的抗生素残留。检测76份未知原料乳样,检测结果与国外的试剂盒(如ECLIPSE50)一致。说明该抗生素检测微孔板可应用于牛乳样品的检测并获得可靠的检测结果。     

生鲜牛乳中抗生素残留检测技术研究进展

对生鲜牛乳中抗生素残留的来源、危害、最高残留限量、残留的检测方法以及样品前处理新方法进行了综述,为开发抗生素多残留筛查方法以及建立样品通用前处理技术提供参考。     

广州市牛奶中抗生素残留的现状分析

为了控制牛乳中抗生素的残留,对广州市牛奶中抗生素残留进行监测。结果表明不同给药途径及剂量可造成不同的残留时间;生牛奶及奶粉中抗生素残留阳性率显著比消毒牛奶高;出口生牛奶抗生素残留阳性率显著比内销生牛奶高;进口消毒牛奶及奶粉中未检出抗生素。     

高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测荷斯坦和水牛原料乳中喹诺酮残留

目的建立高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测我国南方地区荷斯坦和水牛原料乳中喹诺酮类抗生素类残留的分析方法。方法采集南方地区15个荷斯坦牧场和15个水牛牧场的120份原料乳,采用高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法检测其中的喹诺酮类抗生素残留情况。结果检出限和回收率分别为0.05~0.25μg/L和88.2%~109.2%。水牛乳中喹诺酮类抗生素残留检出率为8.06%,荷斯坦牛乳中抗生素残留率为6.89%。结论该方法检测牛乳中喹诺酮类结果准确可靠,南方地区的荷斯坦牛乳和水牛乳喹诺酮类残留量与国内外相比程度较低,原料乳总体上处于安全范围。     

牛乳中青霉素G残留三种检测方法的比较研究

本实验对乳中抗生素残留的三种微生物检测法进行比较,确定三种检测法对牛乳中青霉素G残留的检测限、检测时间、检测成本、操作难易程度等关键参数,同时指出国标TTC法在检测限方面的缺陷,建议采用经济省时、简便易行、检测限较低的试管扩散法作为AOAC纸片法及国标TTC法的补充,应用于牛乳中β-内酰胺 类抗生素残留的检测.     

乳和乳制品中抗生素残留的危害及检测方法

综述了乳与乳制品中抗生素残留现状和危害，比较了抗生素检测Delvotest法与其他几种方法。认为Delvotest法优于其他几种方法，建议有关部门尽快引进该技术，以加强我国乳和乳制品中的抗生素监测，解决目前乳业中面临的难题。     

免疫传感器在牛奶抗生素残留检测中的研究进展

乳腺炎是奶牛的常见病,通常需要抗生素治疗,因此不可避免地造成牛奶中的抗生素残留。由于免疫传感器是将高灵敏的传感器技术与抗原、抗体特异性反应相结合的一种检测方法,易于实现抗生素残留检测仪器的便携化、微型化和自动化,因而成为近年来研究的热点。本文介绍免疫生物传感器的基本原理、组成与分类,重点介绍国内外应用免疫传感器检测牛奶中抗生素残留的研究进展,并分析未来免疫生物传感器的发展趋势。     

Antibiotic residues in milk from small dairy farms in rural Peru

The use of antibiotics in livestock can pose a public health threat, especially if antibiotic residues remain in the food product. Understanding how often and why farmers sell products with antibiotic residues is critical to improving the quality of these products. To understand how often milk with antibiotic residues is sold on small farms in a major dairy-producing region of Peru and identify factors associated with selling milk with antibiotic residues, we tested milk samples for antibiotic residues from every provider on three routes of commercial milk companies and from bulk tanks of farmers currently treating cows with antibiotics. We also asked farmers if they sold milk from treated cows and examined factors associated with the tendency to do so. The prevalence of milk contamination with antibiotic residues on commercial routes was low (0–4.2%); however, 33/36 farmers treating their animals with antibiotics sold milk that tested positive for antibiotic residues. The self-reported sale of milk from treated cows had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 75.8%, 100%, 100% and 27.2%, respectively (with testing of milk for residues as the gold standard). Finally, 69/156 randomly selected farmers reported selling milk from treated cows, and farmers’ knowledge of antibiotics and the milk purchaser were significantly associated with a farmer’s tendency to report doing so. Educating farmers on the risks associated with antibiotics and enforcement of penalties for selling contaminated milk by milk companies are needed to improve milk quality.     

乳中抗生素残留及其检测方法的研究进展

介绍了乳中抗生素残留的原因、抗生素残留的种类以及国内外应用于乳中抗生素的检测方法,同时对不同种类抗生素的测定方法进行比较,为乳中抗生素检测新方法开发提供理论依据。     

免疫分析技术在乳及乳制品抗生素类兽药残留检测中的应用

为了预防与治疗乳牛疾病,抗生素类兽药被广泛应用于乳牛的饲养过程中。而滥用抗生素导致牛奶中抗生素残留超出最大允许残留量,不仅会对牛奶品质造成影响,而且可能会危害到牛奶饮用者的身体健康。因此,如何快速、准确地检测乳与乳制品中抗生素类兽药残留是乳品检测行业和企业亟需解决的问题。本文主要介绍了牛乳中兽药残留的来源、危害及其现状,阐述了酶联免疫分析技术、胶体金免疫层析技术的检测原理及其在应用过程中所具有的不同特点,最后对2种方法的优势与不足进行简要总结,并对免疫分析法在乳与乳制品抗生素类兽药残留检测中的应用前景做出展望。     

动物源性食品中抗生素残留的分类及检测方法的研究进展

随着抗生素在动物饲养过程中的普遍应用, 抗生素的不合理使用现象日益普遍, 造成动物源性食品(牛奶、肉类、水产品、鸡蛋、蜂蜜等)中抗生素的残留, 从而对人体健康造成潜在的危害, 因此动物源性食品中抗生素残留检测是控制食品质量安全的重要环节。本文对动物源性食品中抗生素残留的现状, 抗生素残留的种类及检测方法作了阐述, 并对抗生素检测方法的应用前景进行了展望, 以期为有关部门在检测动物源性食品中抗生素的残留的工作提供技术参考。     

荧光免疫层析法快速测定牛奶中头孢氨苄残留量

采用荧光免疫层析法结合现场检测仪建立牛奶中头孢氨苄残留的快速定量检测方法。方法 利用反向微乳技术合成稀土铕荧光纳米颗粒,与头孢氨苄单克隆抗体结合制备荧光检测探针,以头孢氨苄卵清蛋白全抗原和羊抗小鼠抗体分别作为检测线和质控线制备免疫层析试纸条,结合现场检测仪建立牛奶中头孢氨苄残留的快速定量检测方法。结果 试验结果表明,该方法对头孢氨苄的检测限为0.16 ng/ml,半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为0.6 ng/ml,线性范围为0.16～5 ng/ml,标准添加回收率为100%～115%之间,与头孢菌素类及青霉素等其他12种抗生素的交叉反应率均＜0.01%,与ELISA方法比较,测定结果相关性良好。结论 本试验所建立的荧光免疫层析法快速检测牛奶中头孢氨苄残留,具有简便、快速、灵敏、直观的优点,可用于抗生素残留的筛查,极具推广和应用价值。     

Residues in colostrum following antibiotic dry cow therapy

Cows from five dairy herds were used to determine persistence of antibiotic residues in colostrum and milk following dry cow therapy. Cows were treated in all quarters at drying off with antibiotics approved for use for nonlactating cows. Antibiotics procaine penicillin G plus dihydrostreptomycin, novobiocin, cloxacillin, or cephapirin were compared with no treatment. Composite colostrum samples were collected from each cow at first milking after parturition. Samples were screened for residues by Delvotest P. Colostrum samples positive by Delvotest also were tested by Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay. Four of 186 colostrum samples from cows treated with antibiotics at drying off were positive for residues by Delvotest. Only one was confirmed positive by disc assay following heat treatment. All colostrum samples from 48 cows not treated were negative. Samples of first marketable milk also were collected. Over 96% of milk samples from cows treated at drying off and 100% of milk samples from cows not treated were negative for residues by Delvotest. If manufacturer's recommendations are followed, antibiotic residues in colostrum and milk following dry cow therapy with products in our study should not be a significant problem.     

DETECTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESIDUES IN KENYAN MILK

The improved Dutch tube diffusion test was used to study the occurrence of inhibitory substances in raw bulk milk samples within the Nakuru District in Kenya. Initially the detection limits of the method were verified using milk standards spiked with selected antibiotics. Addition of penicillinase to inhibitor-positive samples was used for preliminary identification of penicillin G-type antibiotics and residue levels were estimated against a standard curve constructed by means of a B. stearothermophilus disc assay. The two-tube test was used to screen 1109 field samples of which 229 (21%) were suspect positive. The identification procedure confirmed 165 samples (14.9%) to contain penicillin G-type residues of which 118 contained levels exceeding the established EU MRL for penicillin G (4 μg/kg). This study indicates that antibiotic residues are prevalent in milk within the Nakuru district of Kenya. It suggests that the improved tube diffusion test in combination with a multiplate system could be useful for qualitative and quantitative identification of antimicrobial drug residues in milk.