保护野生植物的意义、途径和主要任务

文章首先对开展野生植物保护工作的重要意义进行介绍,简要总结野生植物的使用方向。其次重点探讨开展野生植物保护工作的有效途径,介绍了多种不同的方法,最终整理出野生植物保护的主要任务,为工作任务开展提供更好的帮助。     

古建筑保护泛化路径优化视角下的迁建保护研究

文中通过分析现有迁建保护模式类型,提出基于古建筑保护泛化路径优化视角的迁建保护方法,结合福州市琅岐金沙村三处古民居规划项目,对异地迁建保护方法实践的合理性、可行性展开分析,探究相应优化措施与完善迁建保护方法,为古建筑历史价值、文化价值的延续提供基础保障,以期为类似项目提供参考。     

聚焦"整体保护",促进"积极保护" ——新时期上海历史风貌保护规划体系的创新实践和探索

上海已经进入了存量更新的城市发展新阶段,历史风貌保护工作也需要从遵循"最严格的保护",逐步向"更整体保护、更积极保护"的理念引导.结合新理念,在落实国土空间规划体系更注重多层次协同合作要求的基础上,本文对上海保护规划进行了重新审视和思考,认为需要从保护理念创新、对象体系拓展、规划体系优化、规划方法创新、规划政策供给等方面提出"更系统、更精细"的优化策略.本文的研究成果通过本市保护立法修订实现锚固,成为本市风貌保护工作的重要行动纲领和指南.     

浅谈漏电保护器的使用

低压漏电电流动作保护器是防止触电、设备损坏和漏电火灾事故有效的安全技术措施。     

从国际宪章视角论世界文化遗产保护的理论发展

通过对若干重要国际宪章和文件的梳理分析,总结出人类在历史文化遗产保护方面的思想轨迹,即:历史文化遗产保护的概念从文物本身扩大到它周围的环境,再扩大到成片的具有历史意义的街区和地段,保护的方法也从最初针对文物建筑的保护性修复发展到后来针对历史地段的整体性保护,再进展到当代可持续发展的社会大环境下关注合理解决保护与发展的矛盾.     

黄河流域乌梁素海区域性保护策略探讨

乌梁素海是黄河流域最大的淡水湖泊,也是河套灌区农田退水的唯一容泄区,是黄河文化及河套文化的重要载体,拥有多重价值。随着湿地保护工作被重视,对于生态环境濒危的湿地,生态恢复已成为共识。本文在梳理乌梁素海自然历史背景的基础上,总结归纳了其生态及社会服务功能特征,同时重新审视总结了它拥有的多重价值。分析了对其产生重要影响的三个保护因子,即生态特征、社会功能特征、河套文化特征。并从保护因子出发,提出了乌梁素海的区域性保护策略,指出只有从区域视角进行保护规划,才能抢救乌梁素海,重塑其生态地位。     

詹姆斯·马斯顿·芬奇的历史建筑保护原则与方法探究

本文针对芬奇的建筑保护原则及方法进行探究,了解芬奇保护思想的来源,并对芬奇建筑保护思想的原则、方法及他对建筑保护实践的研究进行阐述。     

加拿大魁北克古城保护区古建筑的整体保护方案

魁北克市是加拿大魁北克省的首府,该城至今已有近400年的历史了。1608年法国人最先在这里建立城市,称魁北克,1759年被英国人占领。在魁北克市的古城区内,各种风格的古建筑比比皆是,每年都吸引了大量的旅游者前来参观、游览。现在,魁北克古城区是加拿大首屈一指的历史文化保护区域。     

电气设备及线路的几种电气保护措施

电气设备或线路发生短路、接地、过载、断相及电网电压消失或过低时，将会对电气设备或线路本身造成破坏、危及人身安全。因此，对于电气设备及线路除了在设计、安装、运行及维护方面严格把好质量关和技术关，以期防范于未然外，还应在故障一旦发生后采取技术保护措施，以防止或减轻故障的危害。一般实行下列几种电气保护方法：（１）短路保护（过电流保护）；（２）过载保护（过负荷保护）；（３）断相保护；（４）欠压保护和失压保护。这几种方法可以单独使用，也可以互相配合使用。一、短路保护１造成短路的原因造成短路的原因是多方面…     

RACIAL,ECONOMIC, AND INSTITUTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN HOME MORTGAGE LOANS: St. Joseph County,Indiana

ABSTRACT: Numerous studies have documented racial and economic disparities in the home mortgage market. Almost all of these have been done in large urban areas, many of which have long histories of racial conflict and discrimination. Further, little attention has been paid to institutional disparities, i.e., the ways in which mortgage lenders differ among themselves in their community reinvestment performance. In this study, we profile the home mortgage lending of several institutions doing business in the medium-sized urban area of St. Joseph County, Indiana. We find tremendous differences between lenders, suggesting that bank practices and policies exert a great impact on how well low income and minority neighborhoods and individuals are served. Lender characteristics, such as the legal structure of the institution (e.g., commercial bank, credit union, savings and loan), branch locations, and other factors are associated with these disparities. We conclude by suggesting that several heretofore ignored variables need closer examination.     

METROPOLITAN SECESSION AND THE SPACE OF COLOR‐BLIND RACISM IN ATLANTA

The Reverend Joseph Lowery and the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus sponsored a 2011 voting rights suit, Lowery v. Deal, that demanded the disincorporation of several majority‐white cities in Georgia's Fulton and DeKalb Counties and preemption against attempts by affluent and majority‐white north Fulton to secede from the rest of the county. Secession would have severe consequences for racial equity in the metropolitan area. Lowery's 2011 dismissal by the District Court reflects ascendant color‐blind racial ideology that defends white privilege in metropolitan space by attributing it to culturally and legally legitimate race‐neutral processes. Historical analysis challenges this color‐blind interpretation, identifying the nominally class‐based interests of north Fulton residents with systemic racial discrimination and the politics of secession with historic patterns of spatial politics that have sought not only to exclude but also to manipulate political space to limit the ability of black voters and officials to make decisions affecting whites and their property.     

美国历史遗产保护的法律保障机制*

保护制度是历史遗产保护活动有效开展的重要保障,而法律制度是保护制度的核心。美国历史遗产保护正是建立在坚实的法律基础之上而取得明显成效。介绍了美国历史遗产保护的多层次法律体系,以及以法律为基础的历史遗产管理系统和建立在法律框架下的经济激励政策;并对我国历史遗产保护制度建设提出了建议。     

AN OVERVIEW OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION PRACTICES IN BELGIUM,THE NETHERLANDS AND THE UNITED STATES

This article gives an overview of the techniques utilized by the United Stales, the Netherlands, and Belgium in the area of historic preservation. Comparisons are formulated as to the means available through the various governmental structures to implement historic preservation practices. In addition, the article cites specific examples to illustrate the similarities and differences in historic preservation practices of the three countries.     

快速发展的天津城市与遗产保护

作为国家历史文化名城,天津积淀了众多宝贵的具有深厚文化底蕴的城市遗产。2006年以来,随着天津城市定位的提升,城市发展在驶入"快速路"的同时,遗产保护工作突现出新的问题与困惑。笔者总结了近年来天津遗产保护的策略与实践,提出处理好城市发展与历史文化传承的矛盾,推进遗产保护是天津可持续发展的必然追求。     

NEIGHBORHOOD DIVERSITY,ECONOMIC HEALTH,AND THE ROLE OF THE ARTS

Policymakers pursue a range of strategies aimed at diversifying neighborhoods despite research indicating the complicated and potentially damaging results of these efforts. One increasingly common approach is to incorporate the arts into planning efforts in the hope of enhancing diversity and catalyzing positive neighborhood change. Using data from the Cultural Data Project, the authors determine where newly established New York City arts organizations locate in terms of neighborhood racial, income, and industry diversity. They then analyze how diverse contexts interact with an arts presence to impact neighborhood economic health over time. They find that neighborhoods with high levels of racial diversity and low levels of income and industry diversity benefit most from an arts presence. However, the arts are attracted predominantly to neighborhoods with moderate levels of racial diversity and high levels of income and industry diversity. This complicates the use of the arts as a tool in urban revitalization policy.     

浅析四堡古书坊建筑群的特征、价值与现存问题

四堡古书坊建筑群是我国现存家庭作坊式建筑的典型代表和明清时期雕版印刷文明的实物例证.该文从自然地理环境、历史文化背景、雕版印刷产业等内外制约因素的分析入手,论述了四堡古书坊建筑群的成因及在组群肌理、建筑形制、营造技艺、装饰风格等方面的艺术特色、文化内涵与文物价值.通过进一步调查研究,明确了遗存本体及其生存环境的现存问题.最后对如何有效保护和合理利用该历史文化遗产提出建议.     

后现代图景下的批判性保护 —— 美国当代建成遗产保护动向

20世纪五六十年代的保护运动极大地促进了美国的建成遗产保护,并促使其走向了与欧洲传统不同的发展道路。20世纪60年代起至今,后现代主义在哲学、艺术、文学和政治等诸多方面深刻影响了美国社会,其理论和实践也影响了美国的遗产保护。本文从遗产价值多样性的再认知、遗产保护与经济社会发展的整合、遗产的文化意义与身份认同、更具批判性的保护方法四个维度,结合案例对后现代图景下美国遗产保护的理论与实践进行了分析,并对当代美国的遗产保护教育进行了探讨。     

Measuring Urban Design: Metrics for Livable Places,by Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente

In this article I examine the relationship between post-industrial growth and planning in three great cities: New York, Paris, and London. Each has taken a different approach to its post-industrial transformation. New York's approach, the Manhattan strategy of intensive development, emphasizes growth in and around the central business district. The Parisian approach, the axes strategy of extensive development, spreads growth through the larger region. London's approach, containment by zoning, stresses a balance between commercial growth and the preservation of neighborhoods and green space. I analyze each strategy as a product of a city's governmental structure, its control over local markets, and its developmental conditions. Each strategy reflects the historic practices of its respective city and entails its own costs and benefits.     

MIXED‐INCOME HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOOD INTEGRATION: EVIDENCE FROM INCLUSIONARY ZONING PROGRAMS

Using propensity score matching and regression techniques, together with an original database of approximately 12,000 inclusionary zoning (IZ) units built in Montgomery County, Maryland and Suffolk County, New York, this article comparatively analyzes the effect of IZ programs on racial and income integration and neighborhood change at the census tract level between 1980 and 2000. In particular, the article explores the question of whether IZ programs encourage stable neighborhood integration over time. This analysis fills a gap in the current empirical literature on the effect of IZ programs on neighborhood change and integration, an original policy goal that has not been evaluated previously due to data limitations. The findings indicate that the effect of IZ units on neighborhood racial and income transition is dependent on the siting of IZ units, the initial characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they are built, and the institutional framework of the IZ program. In the aggregate, IZ units positively affect the level of both racial and income integration in neighborhoods where units are built, although stark differences emerge between the two study areas. The findings do reveal the potential for IZ programs to exacerbate existing concentrations of poverty and patterns of residential racial segregation.