AISI 4340高强钢高速硬车削下PCBN刀具磨损机理

PCBN刀具在硬切削加工中磨损严重,探究PCBN刀具的磨损机理,能够为改善刀具切削性能、提高加工效率提供指导.采用PCBN刀具进行高速硬车削AISI 4340高强钢试验,研究不同切削速度下的PCBN刀具的磨损形式及磨损机理.通过对比三种切削速度(v=150 m/min、210 m/min、300 m/min)切削两种硬...     

PCBN刀具硬态车削的磨损机制研究

PCBN刀具用于高速切削、硬态切削、干切削以及加工自动化和难加工材料等先进切削工艺时显示出了卓越的性能,为了推动PCBN刀具在我国的推广使用,充分发挥PCBN刀具的潜能,有必要对PCBN刀具切削过程中的行为规律进行研究。目前国内外已经有很多这方面的研究报道,本文旨在对前人已进行的工作进行一个系统的总结,以期能得到PCBN硬态车削时的主要的磨损机制。     

聚晶立方氮化硼刀具磨损与寿命研究综述

聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)是一种超硬刀具材料,由于其具有硬度高、化学稳定性和热稳定性好等优点,已经被广泛应用于汽车、航空航天、能源等领域的机械零部件加工。文中分析了PCBN刀具的主要磨损形式及其原因,并从刀具材料构成和几何形状、工件材料以及切削条件3个方面总结了影响PCBN刀具磨损和寿命的主要因素,最后介绍了切削参数优化和添加涂层等方法在提高刀具耐磨性与寿命方面的应用。     

PCBN刀具及其在切削加工中的应用

PCBN(聚晶立方氮化硼)刀具具有硬度高、韧性好、热稳定性好和化学惰性大等特点，并可用金刚石砂轮开刃修磨，在切削加工的各个方面都表现出了优异的切削性能，特别适合加工各种淬硬钢、冷硬铸铁等难加工材料。     

PCBN刀具材料与现代加工技术

随着科技的不断发展,对一些更坚固、更轻、更耐磨材料的需求也在不断增加,在现代工业尤其是汽车工业及航天航空工业中,复合材料及耐磨有色金属材料被大量使用,而采用普通刀具加工这类材料却难以胜任。因此,超硬刀具材料PCBN应运而生。本文对PCBN刀具用于高速与超高速切削、硬态干式切削、在数控机床上加工淬火钢加工以及不同应用领域对PCBN刀具材料的要求均有描述。指出,为达到我国未来工业经济的高速发展,超硬刀具的成功应用是一个关键因素。     

切削铸铁的复合刀具及涂层刀具

介绍了复合材料的特点和影响铸铁材料切削性能的因素.切削铸铁的复合刀具包括:PCBN刀具、氧化物复合刀具、氧化物/碳化物复合刀具和金属陶瓷复合刀具.切削铸铁的复合刀具涂层的制备方法可以是气相沉积、电火花沉积和离子注入.     

加工汽车零件用PCBN刀具

日本住友电工HARDMETAL公司推出两类用于切削加工汽车零件的PCBN刀具。一类主要用于加工铁基粉末冶金工件和铸件，其特点是刀具材料中的CBN含量（体积百分比）在80％以上，结合剂为Co、Al化合物。该类PCBN刀具分为BN700、BN800、BN600三个牌号，硬度、强度和热传导性优异；另一类主要用于加工淬硬钢、     

PCBN刀片新牌号的开发与应用

自从几十年前材料科学家们采用类似合成人造金刚石的工艺方法首次合成出聚晶立方氮化硼（PCBN）以来，PCBN刀具在机械加工中的应用已日渐广泛。PCBN材料的硬度仅次于金刚石，但与金刚石刀具不同的是，PCBN刀具能够用于切削加工铁族合金，甚至包括硬度高于60HRC的淬硬钢。     

PCBN刀具高速切削淬硬钢材料的研究

以PCBN复合片为刀具材料进行相关力学性能分析,并将其制成SNGN120408型刀具后在刀具机床上进行淬硬钢切削试验.分析结果表明:PCBN复合片的结合剂主要为TiN和TiB2,其内部结构均匀,且有良好的致密性.切削试验表明:在干式切削淬硬钢的试验中,切削进给量以及切削速度对PCBN刀具的磨损有较为明显的影响.相比于切...     

切削速度对微织构刀具切削力的影响

目的 研究微织构刀具在不同切削速度下切削力的变化规律,从而改善刀具的切削性能。方法 利用激光技术在PCBN刀具前刀面进行微织构处理,加工微槽宽度分别为30、40 μm的垂直微槽和平行微槽,并选择60、72、85 m/min三种不同的切削速度,分别用微织构PCBN刀具干式切削AISI 52100材料,使用测力仪收集切削过程产生的主切削力、径向力和轴向力。结合有限元仿真技术,设置与实际切削试验相同的切削用量、微织构刀具材料和工件材料等切削条件,从刀具表面应力角度分析微织构刀具在不同切削速度下的切削力变化,并与切削试验结果进行对比。结果 在不同的切削速度条件下,不同微织构刀具产生的切削力受切削速度的影响程度不同。30 μm垂直微槽和40 μm平行微槽PCBN刀具在较高的切削速度下均能取得较小的切削力,切削速度的变化对主切削力、径向力和轴向力的影响均较大。结论 随着切削速度的增大,垂直微槽和平行微槽可有效减小主切削力和径向力。在相同的切削速度下,垂直微槽比与平行微槽更有利于获得较小的切削力。试验结果对微织构PCBN刀具切削淬硬钢材料奠定了基础。     

Performance evaluation of pure CBN tools for machining of steel

Ultra-precision machining is one of the most important machining technologies for the manufacture of precision dies and molds. Typically, single point diamond cutting tools are used to machine molds which are coated with electroless nickel (NiP) for such applications. The high cost of diamond cutters and electroless nickel plating, coupled with problems of pre-mature failure of the coating in service and long lead time are negative factors in this approach. Hence, there is a strong need for the direct ultra-precision machining of mold steel and to develop relevant technologies to address the problem of tool wear. In the machining of alloy steel, cubic boron nitride (CBN) has long been used as an ideal cutting tool material but recently binderless CBN or pure CBN (PCBN) with superior mechanical properties has been developed by Sumitomo Electric Industries in Japan. The objective of this paper is to explore the feasibility of using PCBN tools for direct ultra-precision machining of Stavax, a type of alloy steel from ASSAB. The performance characteristics in terms of surface roughness and tool wear of PCBN (Sumitomo IZ900) and conventional CBN (Sumitomo BN600) under different machining conditions were studied and their results were compared. Based on the experimental results, PCBN has been found to perform better in terms of wear resistance compared to conventional CBN tool. It is also able to achieve near mirror finish of less than 30 nm R_a, and hence it appears to be a promising tool for direct cutting of die and mold materials.     

PCBN超硬刀具研究与进展

现代刀具切削速度的不断提高和先进的集成制造系统的发展对现代刀具的性能提出了更高的要求,刀具材料质量、性能和可靠性直接影响生产效率和加工质量,也直接影响整个制造行业的生产技术水平和经济效益,所以开发高稳定性和良好耐磨性的超硬刀具是当今的发展趋势。本文介绍了超硬材料PCBN超硬刀具的国内外发展概况和刀具性能应用,PCBN超硬刀具材料的制备方法及刀具制造过程,PCBN超硬刀具的断屑槽、修光刃结构以及新型PCBN超硬刀具,刀具车削仿真的相关研究等;并对PCBN超硬刀具及整个刀具行业的前景进行展望。      

Evaluation of layer adhered on PCBN tools during turning of AISI D2 steel

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools have high abrasion resistance and are thus suitable for application in the machining of steels with a high volume fraction of primary carbides in their microstructure. These tools are usually applied in the machining of steels with hardness above 45–50 HRC and in the case of application to steels with hardness below 45 HRC, the formation of an adhered layer on the rake face of the tools often occurs. This paper reports a study on the impact of the layer adhered on PCBN tools during the turning of AISI D2 steel, with 35 and 50 HRC. The microhardness and microstructure of the adhered material were determined, as well as the tool wear based on volumetric wear parameters. The layer adhered on the PCBN tool rake face has the same chemical elements as the machined steel alloy. Its microstructure is oriented in the direction of the chip flow and the primary carbides were fragmented. For the sample with 35 HRC the amount of material adhered (W_AM) on the rake face of the PCBN tool was approximately 360% higher than the steel with 50 HRC. The material layer adhered on the PCBN tool rake surface in the case of the 35 HRC steel acts as an edge (assuming the cutting function), while for the 50 HRC steel, the adhered layer intensifies the adhesion wear mechanism through spalling on the tool rake face. The results obtained provide important information for the selection of materials and grades for the development of new cutting tools.     

模具高速切削刀具技术研究概况

系统地介绍了模具高速切削刀具技术在各个领域的发展现状，包括：刀具材料、刀具磨损、刀具动平衡、刀具与机床的连接、刀具的可靠性、刀具的监测技术和刀具的几何参数。指出发展模具高速切削刀具技术，要从以下几个方面展开工作：研制和开发新的刀具材料，同时进行PCBN刀具切削性能的研究，推广其应用范围；进行模具高速切削刀具磨损机理的研究，进一步提高刀具寿命；做好刀具的动平衡，防止刀具的破损，保证工作人员的安全；进一步加强刀具监测技术的研究，以获得良好的加工质量；建立模具高速切削数据库，以便有效地利用刀具，提高刀具的寿命；大力推进有限元模拟技术在高速切削刀具技术中的应用。     

Chip formation, cutting forces, and tool wear in turning of Zr-based bulk metallic glass

The chip light emission and morphology, cutting forces, surface roughness, and tool wear in turning of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) material are investigated. Machining results are compared with those of aluminum 6061-T6 and AISI 304 stainless steel under the same cutting conditions. This study demonstrates that the high cutting speeds and tools with low thermal conductivity and rake angle activate the light emission and chip oxidation in BMG machining. For the BMG chip without light emission, serrated chip formation with adiabatic shear band and void formation is observed. The cutting force analysis further correlates the chip oxidation and specific cutting energy and shows the significant reduction of cutting forces for machining BMG at high cutting speeds. The machined surface of BMG has better surface roughness than that of the other two work materials. Some tool wear features, including the welding of chip to the tool tip and chipping of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool edge, are reported for turning of BMG. This study concludes that BMG can be machined with good surface roughness using conventional cutting tools.     

Performance of nano/micro CBN particle coated tools in superfinish hard machining

A two-stage composite coating method has been developed for coating of nano/micro cubic boron nitride (CBN) particles on cutting tools. Since nano/micro CBN particle coated tools are more cost-effective than solid polycrystalline CBN (PCBN) tools, a comprehensive study on the coated tools is required. This paper studies the performance of these tools in superfinish hard machining. Specimens were machined by a solid PCBN tool and CBN particle coated tools with two different CBN particle size distributions: less than 0.5 and 2 μm. The specimen machined by a tool with small CBN particle coating (less than 0.5 μm) showed more compressive residual stresses and less thermal damage below the machined surface than other specimens. Furthermore, the specimen machined by a tool with small CBN particle showed less residual stress scatter than other specimens. The rolling contact fatigue life was predicted by using a rolling contact fatigue life model. The rolling contact fatigue life predictions indicate that the predicted life of the specimen machined by a tool with small CBN particle coating is longer than that of other specimens. The results thus indicate that a tool with small CBN particle coating provides better performance than other tools in superfinish hard machining.     

Machinability of hardened steel using alumina based ceramic cutting tools

Alumina based ceramic cutting tool is an attractive alternative for carbide tools in the machining of steel in its hardened condition. These ceramic cutting tools can machine with high cutting speed and produce good surface finish. The wear mechanism of these ceramic cutting tools should be properly understood for greater utilization. Two types of ceramic cutting tools namely Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool and zirconia toughened alumina ceramic cutting tool are used for our investigation. The machinability of hardened steel was evaluated by measurements of tool wear, cutting forces and surface finish of the work piece. These alumina based ceramic cutting tool materials produce good surface finish in the machining of hardened steel. In this paper an attempt is made to analyse the important wear mechanisms like abrasive wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear of these ceramic cutting tool materials and the performance of these ceramic cutting tools related to the surface finish is also discussed here.     

Mechanics of high speed cutting with curvilinear edge tools

High speed cutting is advantageous due to the reduced forces and power, increased energy savings, and overall improved productivity for discrete-part metal manufacturing. However, tool edge geometry and combined cutting conditions highly affects the performance of high speed cutting. In this study, mechanics of cutting with curvilinear (round and oval-like) edge preparation tools in the presence of dead metal zone has been presented to investigate the effects of edge geometry and cutting conditions on the friction and resultant tool temperatures. An analytical slip-line field model is utilized to study the cutting mechanics and friction at the tool-chip and tool–workpiece interfaces in the presence of the dead metal zone in machining with negative rake curvilinear PCBN tools. Inserts with six different edge designs, including a chamfered edge, are tested with a set of orthogonal cutting experiments on AISI 4340 steel. Friction conditions in each different edge design are identified by utilizing the forces and chip geometries measured. Finite-element simulations are conducted using the friction conditions identified and process predictions are compared with experiments. Analyses of temperature, strain, and stress fields are utilized in understanding the mechanics of machining with curvilinear tools.