对提升城市文化品位的思考

城市品位是指由城市空间、城市布局、历史文化、建筑风格、城市环境、城市景观等城市内部诸要素,经过长期发展而形成的一种潜在的和直观的综合素质反映,是城市整体风貌的艺术概括.城市文化是城市品位的主导因素,城市建筑是城市品位的直观反映,城市生态品位昭示着现代城市的发展方向.城市品位体现着城市的时代价值与历史地位,反映着城市的对外形象与个性品牌.高品位的城市对集聚人才、资金、信息和技术,增强城市的吸引力和竞争力,推动城市经济文化协调发展具有独特的作用.     

浅谈城市建设发展与城市环境美

自改革开放以来，尤其是１９９２年加速改革开放步伐以来，由于经济的飞速发展，我国城市面貌发生了巨大的变化。城市空间结构的变化表现在：城市建成区向外扩展和城市内部空间的重新组合。由于以上这些变化必须由强大的经济作后盾，作为城市建设的管理者，就城市经济发展与城市环境美谈谈自己的一些想法。１．研究城市环境美的几种角度城市环境是一个有机的整体，必须从各个角度，采取不同的方法进行研究。从艺术和美学角度看，城市环境是一个巨大的综合体，它具有整体美、动态美和特色美的特征。从城市经济发展的角度看，它又是一种综合性…     

城市信息学展望

城市发展中不同城市部门、理论和技术的专业化及其在城市中的汇聚,极大地加快了城市信息学的发展。作为跨学科领域,城市信息学旨在通过新的信息技术来解读城市并推动城市发展。对于这一新兴领域的进展与前景虽已有一些讨论,但仍需进一步探索其研究计划,以推动城市信息学的进步,并对未来城市发展提供参考。为此,本文基于领域最新研究进展,提出了一系列城市信息学研究计划。这些研究计划涵盖三个层次：城市科学的未来;核心使能技术,包括地理空间人工智能、高精地图、量子计算、人工智能和物联网、数字孪生、可解释人工智能、分布式机器学习、保护隐私深度学习等;城市信息学的应用,涵盖城市设计和规划、交通、基于位置的服务和元宇宙等方面,以及关于算法和数据驱动方法的讨论。最后,本文展望了城市信息学未来的发展,尤其注重如何在日益增长的技术依赖与重要的社会问题之间取得平衡。     

城市开发经营策略分析

通过对保德县城城市现状的分析,总结了该县城三片区的优劣势,阐述了新城、旧区的联动开发策略、城市的宜居定位等内容,表达了城市需整体研究定位,才能将城市开发整体盘活。     

城市经营的竞争策略

分析了城市竞争产生的背景、城市竞争与城市发展的关系、城市竞争力及城市竞争策略的内涵,给出了城市经营的竞争策略的类型与内容。对不同类型的竞争策略的内涵、操作思路和方法等进行了分析阐述。     

试析经营城市

分析了城市发展进程中存在的问题，提出了要搞好城市规划与建设，须遵循“以城养城”、“以城建城”的发展理念，阐述了寻求城市资产的经营方式，树立品牌意识，促使城市健康有序地发展。     

“未来城市”的综述

1985年12月,第40届联合国大会确定,每年10月第一个星期一为世界住房日(亦称世界人居日)。1997年10月6日世界住房日的主题是:“未来的城市”。本着这个主题,笔者想针对全球今后城市发展谈点看法。 中国城市经济发展不同凡响 我国城市经济发展迅速度不同凡响。1995年在全国213个地级以上城市中,有29个城市国内生产总值超过200亿元;84个城市人均国内生产总值超万元。 1996年,我国共有城市666个,其中直辖市3个(重庆直辖市是1997年成立的),副省级市16个,地级市202个,县级市445个。按非农业人口划分,200万人口以上的大城市11个,100万到200万之间人口的大城市23个,50万到     

城市的文化底蕴与城市建设初探

城市的文化底蕴是城市定位的基本依据,文章从文化形成与发展的角度探讨了文化底蕴与城市建设内在关系,提出了城市建设中几个重要问题并阐明了自己的观点.     

城市需要怎样的儿童基础设施—儿童权利导向型城市空间建设

This article reviews the concepts of child rights and Child Friendly City at first and underlines that essentially Child Friendly City construction is to protect and guarantee child rights. By examining China’s reality of the design practice for children, the author points out that to build a Child Friendly City, two challenges must be addressed: interpreting child rights in different societal and cultural contexts, and mitigating interest conflicts between the protection of child rights with the current urban construction. In response, the author emphasizes the importance to build child’s infrastructure that is devised to serve varied scenarios, purposes, and childhoods, as well as the fact that this is not a once-forall investment but requires an evolving planning mechanism. Finally, the article states that children’s participation is the key to Child Friendly City construction and the greatest challenge to local implementation, which asks for long-term capacity building for children’s participation and strong support by a top-down management system.     

“儿童友好城市(社区)”的国际认证机制与欧美相关实践及理论发展

本文首先从国际倡议的角度解析了联合国儿童基金会"儿童友好城市倡议"的起源、目标和依据,儿童友好城市(社区)认证机制,以及对城市规划的影响。然后系统介绍了由蒂姆·吉尔整理的九个欧美城市自1970年代以来围绕该倡议的城市实践战略主题,包括主要内容、实施途径与成效,以及其提出的"中心辐射"模型,并分析了该模型与"儿童友好城市倡议"中构建要素的异同。最后结合中国儿童友好城市(社区)发展现状,提出应进一步重视"儿童友好城市倡议"的理念引导作用,辩证吸收欧美城市规划实践中的经验,探索有助于可持续发展的儿童友好城市(社区)本土构建路径。     

通过社区营造实现城市更新——《大栅栏胡同微更新手册》项目

In recent years, in the context of the transition from urban construction to inventory development, landscape architects have begun to explore an urban micro-regeneration mode with gradual, small-scale interventions based on community building. Through the lens of Landscape Architecture, the project elaborated in this article focuses on everyday landscape, explores strategies for improving urban spatial quality in public space, and discusses the ways that landscape architects engage in public participation and community building. Taking Dashilanr neighborhood as the testing ground, this project experimented on a public space microregeneration framework and an innovative public participation mode based on pop-up practices. In response to current spatial problems in Dashilanr neighborhood, the project team proposed a regeneration framework of 5 strategies for public space: activity implantation, traffic improvement, greening promotion, rainwater management, and event and industry planning. As a test to the framework, project presentation and feedback, interactive experience, community building, and other functions were integrated into temporary urban space installations in the pop-up spaces. Combined theoretical framework with practical experiences, this project paid attention to the discussion of propagation effects and discipline boundaries, so as to compile the Dashilanr Micro-Regeneration Handbook, which provides an experimental sample for the inventory planning of Beijing’s old city.     

城市儿童空间设计中的认知科学

An important consideration in designing urban spaces for children is that it should aid children’s development and learning. An extensive literature from Cognitive Science has established that children’s social, cognitive, and motor development is promoted by various, wellresearched types of play. This article reviews the body of knowledge from Cognitive and Developmental Science concerning the benefits of play for learning and explains that it can and should be harnessed by urban designers. First, the review shows that different types of play confer different learning benefits. Urban space design that attempts to maximize learning from play should consider design’s affordance — what types of play are afforded by the design. Second, evidence from Cognitive Science show that children’s learning and exploration are fostered by challenge and ambiguity. Design that embraces these increases learning and creativity. Third, play is critical for children’s social learning, as it gives children the opportunity to practice social interaction. Urban design can catalyze social learning by creating spaces and structures that invite play among peers, as well as parent-child play. Beyond this theoretical review, this article also illustrates how to realistically implement these Cognitive Science-oriented urban design with an authentic case study.     

声景方法在景观设计中的作用

Soundscape starts from human’s perception and understanding of users’ needs and expectations of a space in an un-visual observation and expression form. Similar to visual landscape, soundscape costbenefit can be rather attractive. However, how to integrate soundscape approaches into landscape design has not been sufficiently understood or applied by designers and practitioners. This paper aims to discuss the roles of soundscape approaches in landscape design by exploring the research outcomes, national policies, and the state-of-the-art design practice especially across the UK. The design elements of landscape have been demonstrated to be able to form positive soundscape in terms of both noise barrier and positive sound source, although there is still a lack of research on soundscape approaches in landscape design. Besides, relevant policies should encourage appropriate soundscapes and diversity of soundscapes in both urban and rural areas, which could provide more possibilities for landscape designers to create innovative design solutions for noise problems. The landscape design options need further development through collaboration and innovative thinking so that a greater variety of solutions can be implemented. Soundscape approaches are those which take into account interests of different groups, including transport authorities and developers. Coordinated solutions can be defined with the help of landscape and urban architects to fulfil stakeholders’ interests by creating a desirable urban soundscape.     

Landscape Visual Aesthetics Measurement,Assessment, and Improvement of Street Pedestrian Spaces in Mountainous Cities—Case Study on the Historic Downtown of Jinan,Shandong Province

Urban streets support citizens’ daily commuting and social and recreational activities. Streetscape is also a visual resource and an important part of urban landscape appearance. Serving as an important ecological base and natural components of urban spatial structure, mountains often determine a city’s spatial layout and landscape identity so as to promote mountaincity integration. The study focuses on the historic downtown of Jinan, a typical mountainous city, analyzes the landscape aesthetic visual characteristics of street pedestrian spaces, and measures their landscape visual aesthetic quality by using panoramic images; the research then evaluates the visibility of high-visual-aesthetic-quality urban mountainous landscape to urban streets; finally, based on the overall landscape visual aesthetic quality evaluation results of urban street pedestrian spaces, the paper proposes a series of optimization suggestions of the streets at different levels to improve the harmony with urban mountain landscapes. The study hopes to provide a reference for the creation of mountain–city-integrated urban landscapes, as well as the healthy and sustainable urban development.     

基于国外文献综述的社区环境儿童出行安全评价指标

The Child Friendly Cities Initiative launched by UNICEF aims to protect child rights and promote the establishment of urban and community environment conductive to children development, and safety must be guaranteed first as the precondition of the child rights. Based on social, health, and mobility safety required by the initiative, this paper focuses on how to evaluate children’s mobility safety in the community environment. After literature review, 41 indicator articles involving 18 assessment tools and 82 other articles were screened, and safety-related indicators were selected to establish an evaluation indicator framework composed of three first-level indictors, i.e., motor traffic environment, walking / bicycling environment, and other indicators. They were further subdivided into 11 second-level indicators, 29 third-level indicators, and more fourth-level indicators. Although this framework needs localized verification and adaption in Chinese cities, it can help systematically improve the mobility safety requirements of the existing regulations and guidelines of urban environment construction to establish a multi-leveled indicator system and provide references for performance evaluation on related practice at all stages.     

城市滨水工业区的治理与重生:美国休斯敦港景观规划设计

With the increase of population in big cities, urban industrial districts are constantly seeking new development to realize the conversion from single-functional to multifunctional systems, to equip the city with diverse public spaces. The Port of Houston operates at the dynamic confluence of industry, transportation, and ecological systems, and has been a major driver of Houston’s economic growth over the last century. However, behind the prosperous economic growth, the port suffers from the isolation with the surrounding communities. Based on the “2045 Port Houston Master Plan,” the Landscape Planning and Design for the Port of Houston project focuses on urban space activation and ecological environment restoration through landscape planning and design methods, while facing the challenges of ecological environment, urban spatial pattern repositioning, and other urban issues. The project is expected to build an economically, socially, and ecologically healthy industrial waterfront zone. Port Houston, beyond its primary function as an economic driver, becomes a more visible and substantial force in urban governance of advancing the region’s activation and resilience.     

SLOWING DOWN FAST CITIES WITH DESIGNED EXPERIENCES

To challenge the stupefying homogeneities produced by dense and fast urban environments, designers should offer a range of experiences to create a “slowing city,” which first relies on the understanding of the character and range of “slow experiences,” then requires an empiricallydriven approach to attain it. Phenomenologically, slow experiences can be social or solitary; both are discussed. The former comes from “event” experiences that facilitate meaningful interactions among people, while the latter promotes a shift into “being mode” which can help replenish human’s attention. Using findings in psychology and neurocognition, this article suggests that architects, landscape designers, and urbanists adopt a scientifically-grounded phenomenological approach to designing healthy urban environments where people can flourish. More attention is required to investigate people’s experience of surfaces and textures, and of compositions with varying levels of patterned complexity, as well as the changeability of design features and approaches to combat habituation.     

Determinants of a successful public open space: the case of Dataran Merdeka in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

Successful public open spaces are comfortable arenas where people of different backgrounds, genders and ethnicities benefit from miscellaneous opportunities. This paper seeks to determine the components of a successful public open space. First, a self-administered questionnaire survey identifies the users’ evaluations. Second, structured interviews explore the experts’ opinions about the relevant issues. The results show that social success is the most important factor in making successful public open spaces, while the physical attributes play the least significant role in such spaces. The paper presents a series of pragmatic suggestions that assist urban designers, landscape architects, architects, policy-makers and urban planners in creating lively communities in city centres, which contributes to the social sustainability of cities.