社区绿地空间对心血管健康的影响——以西安市长安区为例

【目的】绿地空间对心血管健康的积极效应已获得广泛关注,但现有研究集中于发达国家,且多涉及区域绿化平均水平方面,因此探索中国社区层面下绿地空间各要素对心血管健康的影响具有重要的意义。【方法】以西安市长安区为例,运用多元线性回归方程,从绿地规模、质量、布局3个方面,探索社区绿地与城市居民心血管健康的统计学关联性,并提出相应的优化建议。【结果】住区绿地率、绿地感知质量、街道绿地邻近性、公园绿地邻近性与居民心血管健康显著相关,且各要素在不同经济水平下的社区相关程度不同。【结论】明确了绿地空间在社区层面对居民心血管健康的作用,可为相关理论研究和城市规划建设提供一定的参考。     

震后街头绿地的建设

震后街头绿地的建设唐山市古冶区园林绿化管理处李金艳震后的唐山市百废待兴，为了迅速绿化美化新唐山，广大园林工作者多方并举，见缝插绿，在开辟街头绿地方面，也作了许多工作。虽然城市中用地紧张，新开辟绿地面积较小。但这类异军突起的城市绿地，却因其小巧玲珑，对...     

中山市中心城区城市绿线划定的探讨

绿线规划不仅仅是从宏观层面控制绿地空间结构、功能布局以及绿地类型,还需要从微观层面控制绿地空间布局,保证城市绿地布局合理,分布均衡。     

关于卢龙县城道路绿化美化的探讨

从卢龙县城道路绿化美化的现状入手,总结了卢龙县城道路绿化存在的主要问题,根据道路绿化美化的基本原则,提出了道路绿地景观营造的几点建议,从而更好地营造具有城市特色的绿化景观效果。     

县城绿地分类初探

对现行县城绿地分类中存在的问题进行了分析,提出了合理的适合县城绿地特征的分类方法,并给出了县级绿地分类应遵循的原则,以使县级绿地的规划设计和建设管理更趋高效。     

“刚性”、“弹性”绿地——城市绿地规划新探索

本文依托2007年南京市规划局城南分局委托的城市绿地空间研究课题,根据城市绿地的特性,围绕现行绿地规划管理问题,提出了刚性绿地与弹性绿地的理论。继而分别阐述了其概念、设定条件。最后比较了该理论模型与现有绿地规划方法,提出其具有变复杂为简单、变模糊为明晰、变随意为理性三大先进性,希望其能深入发展,有助于绿地规划。     

上海中心城区区域绿地规划建设思路初探普陀区长寿绿地“普陀春潮”方案简介

以普陀区长寿绿地的建设实施为例,阐明现代意义上的城市园林绿化的规划、建设已经扩展到城市空间区域环境方面,即通过城市园林绿化对区域环境加以优化和调节,增强城市环境景观面貌,改进人们生存空间的环境质量和生活质量。     

东京奥运会前后有关公园绿地功能的讨论与收获

以“绿色奥运“为口号的北京市,正在着手2008年奥运会的各种建设。在这种大规模建设中,如何将“绿色”要素,贯穿于空间及设施中,这些设施建成后,将对北京市的公园绿地系统产生何种影响,是景观园林专家们所关注的焦点。通过东京奥运会前后日本国内对公园绿地功能的反复讨论及当时的资料介绍,阐述其对现阶段城市公园绿地形成的重要价值,以期为当前的绿地规划及各项决策提供参考。研究结果明确提出了“公园绿地功能”与“运动”相互关系的总体构架,并提出建造绿地空间时应注意的重点。     

中心城区块状绿地与带状绿地植物环境比较研究

城市绿地是指用以栽植树木花草和布置设施,基本上由绿色植物所覆盖,并赋以一定的功能与用途的场地。城市绿地可以改善如今恶劣的城市环境,而城市绿地的形式也是多种多样的,其中就有块状绿地和带状绿地。文章选取四川省成都市中心城区两处绿地,通过对两处的植物环境进行比较研究,了解存在的一些问题,提出一些合理科学的建议。     

中国城市老旧社区非正式绿地改造及其公众感知研究

Existing large-scale urban green spaces in a low distribution density can hardly meet citizens’ diverse and growing needs for convenient access and sharing modes, especially to those living in old communities. Compared with formal green spaces, informal green space (IGS) is a new urban green infrastructure contributing to the city’s coconstruction, co-governance, and co-sharing. This study was conducted based on a typical old residential community in the historic city center of Beijing, namely Beitaipingzhuang Neighborhood, acquired residents’ opinions, evaluation, and willing to participate in IGS governance, and investigated their preference of IGS renovation, activity, and the positive / negative perception of IGS scenarios through virtual renovation proposals upon the real scenes. According to the survey result, most residents have been aware of the existing IGS in communities as well as the advantages and disadvantages, and shown their support to IGS cogovernance; residents’ preference of IGS renovation scenarios is significantly affected by environmental factors—residents prefer the green spaces with a higher plant richness, a larger crown size, and a more complete leisure facility system. Therefore, residents’ positive perception can be enhanced through enriching plant species, adjusting green space ratio, and introducing proper planting patterns and facility types. Finally, the authors put forward several research interests for following up so as to provide targeted guidelines for the optimization of urban living environment.     

以人群健康为导向的小型公共绿地建成环境要素分析——以江苏省南京市老城区为例

Urban public green spaces significantly impact public health level, where physical, social, and recreational outdoor activities play an important role in improving people’s physical and mental health. In this paper, a total of 35 samples of small public green spaces were selected, and the data of built environment factors and healthy activities of each sample were collocted through ArcGIS analysis, field survey, and mapping. This paper then analyzes the impact of built environment factors on public healthy activities from a planning and design perspective by establishing a ridge regression model, which adopts location factors and functional / spatial factors in small public green spaces as independent variables, and the frequency density of healthy activities as dependent variables. The research reveals that: To location factors, the small public green spaces located near dense residential areas have a much greater impact on promoting public health activities than the ones sitting in dense mixed land use areas; To functional / spatial factors, facilities are the dominant factor that positively impacts users’ healthy activities, particularly the seating density; Reasonably designed small public green spaces or the ones with more open interfaces can effectively encourage people’s healthy activities, while which would be significantly decreased when the green space rate or the path density is excessively high. Finally, the paper proposes suggestions on the planning and design of small public green spaces.     

城市绿地对居民身心健康福祉满意度 影响研究

城市绿地是人工与自然耦合的城市景观之一,是改善居民居住环境的重要组成部分。城市绿地的利用是提高居民身心健康及幸福指数的有效途径。为验证城市绿地对居民的影响因素及其影响程度,以杭州市主城区内所有大于1hm2的绿地为研究对象,在对665位居民进行问卷调查的基础上,利用Arc GIS技术分析杭州主城区绿地空间布局,应用似不相关回归方程(SURE)对居民身体健康福祉、心理健康福祉、满意度的影响因素及其影响程度进行分析。结果表明,居民游玩绿地频次(游玩次数、停留时间)、在绿地游玩项目、绿地空间布局,以及受访者个体属性和感知等,均会对居民身心健康福祉和满意度产生不同维度和程度的影响,其中,绿地利用程度和地理空间比个体属性和个人感知对居民的影响程度更大。最后,从增加街头绿地数量、合理扩大绿地面积、增加可达性3个方面对杭州市主城区城市绿地的未来发展提出建议。     

世界遗产视角下“水文化遗产”的保护 历程及类型特征

基于对"水文化遗产"概念及内涵的分析,比较了世界遗产、世界灌溉工程遗产、世界水管理系统遗产和全球重要农业文化遗产对"水文化遗产"概念理解的异同。筛选并分析1978—2019年《世界遗产名录》(以下简称《名录》)中与水相关的文化遗产(含自然与文化混合遗产、文化景观)项目,将其保护历程归纳为"水利文物保护""水利景观保护""水管理遗产保护""水文化遗产保护"4个阶段。基于《名录》中"水文化遗产"的存在形态对其进行分类。最后提出"水文化遗产"的价值识别和评估应构建更加科学的体系。     

Research on the Greening Rate and Spatial Differences of Urban Residential Neighborhoods in Shenzhen

Residential green spaces are one of the most frequently used urban green space types. Aiming at filling a gap in the existing greening indicators with considerations on the spatial differences of residential green spaces, as well as to inform the improvement of urban green space service, three greening indicators, i.e. residential unit’s green coverage rate, green view index, and park ratio within a 500 m service radius, are proposed in this paper. This study selects 14,196 residential units in built area of Shenzhen City in 2017 to measure the greening rate and the geographic spatial factors of the units upon multi-sourced geographic databases such as land cover maps and street view images. The research reveals that: 1) the three indicators can all independently measure the greening rate within or around residential units; 2) the studied residential units are low in residential unit’s green coverage rate and park ratio within a 500 m service radius, but high in green view index; 3) there are significant disparities of the greening rate and the surrounding parks in 500 m service radius among the studied units, and among different housing property rights, showing a disequilibrium in green space service; and 4) the greening rate of residential units is mainly impacted by factors such as development intensity, types of housing property right, altitude, and location. In conclusion, it is suggested that urban green space layout should prioritize improving the spatial distribution and layout of residential green spaces, especially for the socially vulnerable population. Finally, the study points out that the park ratio within a 500 m service radius can be adopted as a supplement to existing greening indicators for residential areas.     

城市绿地促进人群健康的作用途径:理论框架与实践启示

Urban green spaces can not only offer a wide range of ecosystem services, but also promote public health. Most of existing studies have effectually explored the correlation between urban green spaces and public health, but failed to dig the complex impact mechanism behind. This article firstly goes into the positive and negative impacts of urban green spaces on public health, and proposes a theoretical framework of the impact mechanism from perspectives of physical activity encouragement, stress management, social cohesion enhancement, and regulating / supporting services provision by ecosystems. On this basis, 6 health-oriented urban green space system planning strategies are proposed, including promoting the availability, improving the accessibility, enhancing the visibility, optimizing the spatial composition, constructing a network pattern of urban green spaces, and reducing the negative impacts of urban green spaces on public health. The research results can provide theoretical grounding and reference for public health promotion and sustainable urban development to exert more health benefits with limited urban green spaces.     

QUANTIFYING THE CARBON STORAGE CAPACITY AND ITS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF GREEN SPACES IN A METROPOLITAN AREA: A CASE STUDY OF SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA

As a significant habitat type in cities, green spaces can provide various ecosystem services. Among them, the carbon storage of green spaces would effectively alleviate greenhouse effect, which is particularly important under the global warming. Due to difficulities in accessing high-resolution spatial data, previous research has summarized green spaces into different land use types to calculate carbon storage. However, since different vegetation communities have different characteristics, carbon storage capacities of green spaces vary. Focusing on the Seoul City, South Korea, this research aims at exploring the carbon storage capacities of varied green spaces and its distribution patterns. Based on the high-resolution habitat data of Seoul City in 2005 and 2015, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model is used to estimate and visualize the carbon storage capacities of 17 types of green spaces to reveal the distribution patterns of carbon storage of different communities in the city’s green spaces. This study not only provides a scientific basis for ecological protection practices and sustainable land planning and management in Seoul and other similar regions, but also offers a reference for urban ecosystem service assessment and green space renewal strategy development in China.     

城市绿道使用对居民健康的影响研究——以武汉东湖绿道为例

城市绿色空间对于改善居民健康具有重要作用。以武汉东湖绿道为例,基于2019年东湖绿道周边居民的体力活动和健康效应调查,通过控制受访者个体社会经济特征和邻里建成环境因素,运用结构方程模型实证探究城市绿道使用对居民生理和心理健康的影响,并鉴别各影响因素之间的相互作用关系。结果显示,绿道使用通过完全中介作用间接影响居民生理健康,通过部分中介作用影响居民心理健康;体力活动、社会凝聚力、满意度及情绪状况等因素相互作用,在绿道使用与居民健康的关系中发挥了显著中介作用。此外,年龄、收入、职业状况、土地利用混合度、公交站点、公园绿地等因素对居民健康也具有显著影响。建议通过提升绿道可达性及满意度、改善绿道周边小区邻里环境、促进绿道使用公平性,提升居民健康水平。     

后疫情时代武汉住区绿地健康景观 调研及建设思考

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎疫情引发了人们对公共健康深层次的思考。为了解武汉市居民对住区绿地景观与公共健康关系的认识、疫情前后住区绿地使用变化,以及对住区绿地健康景观建设的建议,2020年7—8月课题组开展了针对上述问题的调研。筛选武汉市2020年2月居家隔离期间15个首批“高风险”小区作为样本,采用“线上问卷+线下观察访谈”相结合的调研方法,发现:1)疫情前后,针对居民使用住区绿地的“频率”和“时长”,选择“增加”与“减少”的人数相当,与“无变化”人数比例近3:3:4;2)超半数居民解封后在住区绿地停留15min以上;3)住区绿地健康景观提升主要依托“绿地植物应用”和“健身设施及场所建设”;4)居民相对更喜欢开花的园林植物,并表现出了较明确的关于植物颜色、香型等的偏好。建议住区绿地健康景观应“关注住区弱势群体”需求,增加居民“全健康”效益,鼓励公众参与。最后指出研究的不足,并提出住区绿地健康效益有待全社会的关注和智慧贡献。     

Creating Restorative Nearby Green Spaces for Knowledge Workers: Theoretical Mechanisms,Site Evaluation Criteria,and Design Guidelines

Knowledge workers drive social and economic development in contemporary cities but often exhibit poor psychological and physical health because of sedentary work, long-term and intense mental labor, and high-level occupational competition. Thus, providing high-quality restorative green spaces in knowledge workers’ proximity to promote their health and well-being has become an important and pressing need. Although the multiple health benefits of proximity to green spaces have been highlighted, the existing planning and design practices are not well supported by scientific theories and evidence. This study interprets the health benefits of proximity to green spaces in work environments considering four theoretical mechanisms: stress reduction, attention restoration and landscape preference, physical activity promotion, and sensory enrichment through an integrative literature review. Next, the paper identifies the key environmental characteristics of green spaces that can enhance the health and well-being of knowledge workers. In addition, it develops a set of criteria for evaluating the restorative capacity of existing sites and a set of guidelines to design restorative nearby green spaces, and proposes a simple paradigm to connect interdisciplinary research and practice.