Compact Quad Band-Notched Monopole Antenna for UWB Systems

A novel compact microstrip-fed UWB antenna with quad notched band is proposed. The antenna consists of a rectangular radiating patch with a half circle, a tapered microstrip feed-line, and a semi-elliptical ground plane. With a pair of L-shaped slots, complementary co-directional SRR and a pair of C-shaped stubs, four notched bands are created to prevent interference from WiMAX/lower WLAN/higher WLAN/X-band. Experimental results show that the designed antenna, with compact size of 20 × 30 mm², has an ultrawide band (VSWR < 2) from 2.68 to 13 GHz, except four notched bands of 3.13–3.8, 4.87–5.52, 5.65–6.1, 7.12–8 GHz. Good radiation patterns and stable gain within the operating band have been observed.     

Compact Dual Band-Notched Monopole Antenna with Modified Radiating Patch for UWB Wireless Applications

Ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antennas with single or multiple notched frequency bands properties have recently been considered for various communications between wireless devices. In this study, a low profile microstrip monopole antenna with double band-filtering function is designed and investigated. FR-4 dielectric with properties of ε = 4.4 and δ = 0.02 has been employed as the antenna substrate. The configuration of the proposed design is composed of a modified fork-shaped radiating patch with inverted Ω-shaped slot and a pair of coupled Γ-shaped parasitic structures, a feed-line and a ground plane. The proposed dual band-notched UWB antenna provides good impedance bandwidth characteristic from 2.89 to 12.43 GHz for VSWR <2 with two notched bands which cover all the 5.2/5.8 GHz of WLAN, 3.5/5.5 GHz of WiMAX and 4-GHz of C bands ranges. The antenna provides good radiation behavior with sufficient gain levels over its operation frequency band.     

Triple band notched mushroom and uniplanar EBG structures based UWB MIMO/Diversity antenna with enhanced wide band isolation

Triple band-rejection MIMO/Diversity UWB antenna characteristics are described in this paper. Proposed antenna discards worldwide interoperability for microwave access WiMAX band from 3.3 to 3.6 GHz, wireless local area network WLAN band from 5 to 6 GHz and X-Band satellite downlink communication band from 7.1 to 7.9 GHz. Mushroom Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures helps to attain band notches in WiMAX and WLAN bands. Uniplanar plus shaped EBG structure is used for notch in X-band downlink satellite communication band. Decoupling strips and slotted ground plane are employed to develop the isolation among two closely spaced UWB monopoles. The individual monopoles are 90° angularly separated with stepped structure which helps to reduce mutual coupling and also contributes towards impedance matching by increasing current path length. Mutual coupling magnitude of more than 15 dB is found over whole UWB frequency range. The Envelope Correlation Coefficient is less than 0.02 over whole UWB frequency range.The variations in the notched frequency with the variations in mushroom EBG structure parameters are investigated.The antenna has been designed using FR-4 substrate and overall dimensions is (64 × 45 × 1.6) mm³.     

Design of band-notched antenna with DG-CEBG

Ultra-wideband (UWB) disc monopole antenna with crescent shaped slot for double band-notched features is presented. Planned antenna discards worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) band (3.3–3.6 GHz) and wireless local area network (WLAN) band (5–6 GHz). Defected ground compact electromagnetic band gap (DG-CEBG) designs are used to accomplish band notches in WiMAX and WLAN bands. Defected ground planes are utilised to achieve compactness in electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. The proposed WiMAX and WLAN DG-CEBG designs show a compactness of around 46% and 50%, respectively, over mushroom EBG structures. Parametric analyses of DG-CEBG design factors are carried out to control the notched frequencies. Stepwise notch transition from upper to lower frequencies is presented with incremental inductance augmentation. The proposed antenna is made-up on low-cost FR-4 substrate of complete extents as (42 × 50 × 1.6) mm³.Fabricated sample antenna shows excellent consistency in simulated and measured outcomes.     

Penta-notched UWB antenna with sharp frequency edge selectivity using combination of SRR,CSRR, and DGS

This work presents penta-notched UWB antenna with sharp frequency edge selectivity using combination of SRR, CSRR, and DGS to reject the WiMAX (3.30–3.60 GHz), lower WLAN (5.150–5.350 GHz), upper WLAN (5.725–5.825 GHz), downlink of X-band satellite communication (7.0–7.40 GHz), and the uplink of X-band satellite communication (8.10–8.50 GHz) frequency bands. All these frequency bands lie within the UWB frequency spectrum. The proposed antenna is suitable for portable communication applications due to its compact dimensions. It sharply notches the existing frequency bands to mitigate the interference caused by nearby wireless communication systems within UWB frequency range. The sharp notching is achieved by the combination of complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) on the radiating semi-circular patch, split ring resonators (SRR) placed at the junction of the feedline, and a pair of defected ground structures (DGS). All notched bands can be well controlled and shifted and the equivalent lumped model of the notched bands are also developed for validation. The proposed antenna simulated, and measured results show better performance over the present state-of-the-art designs. The proposed penta-notched UWB antenna possesses better reflection coefficient, VSWR, stable gain, and small foot print. The proposed antenna has a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern in the passbands.     

Compact UWB monopole antenna with quadruple band notched characteristics

ABSTRACT

A compact planar Ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna with quadruple band notch characteristics is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a notched rectangular radiating patch with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, and a defected ground plane. The quadruple band notched functions are achieved by utilising two inverted U-shaped slots, a symmetrical split ring resonator pair (SSRRP) and a via hole. The fabricated antenna has a compact size of 24 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm with an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.86 to 12.2 GHz for magnitude of S₁₁ < ?10 dB. The four band notched characteristics of proposed antenna are in the WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) band (3.25–3.55 GHz), C band (3.7–4.2 GHz), WLAN (wireless local area network) band (5.2–5.9 GHz) and the downlink frequency band of X band (7–7.8 GHz) for satellite communication are obtained. The measured and simulation results of proposed antenna are in good agreement to achieve impedance matching, stable radiation patterns, constant gain and group delay over the operating bandwidth.     

超宽带单陷波四元MIMO天线的设计

该文设计了一款具有单陷波特性的高隔离超宽带(UWB)四单元多输入多输出(MIMO)天线。天线的尺寸为65 mm×65 mm×0.8 mm。4个槽天线单元水平正交放置,采用易加工集成的共面波导(CPW)馈电,引入缺陷地及十字隔离枝节去耦。通过在天线辐射贴片上刻蚀一个U 形槽,在4.35~6.08 GHz处产生陷波,能阻止WLAN(5.15~5.825 GHz)的通信干扰。经实测,该天线的工作频段为2.46~10.6 GHz,隔离度＜-20 dB,在4.35~6.08 GHz产生覆盖WLAN 的阻带,包络相关系数＜0.02,分集增益＞9.998,实测性能良好。该天线能够广泛应用于UWB-MIMO 通信系统。     

Multiband integrated wideband antenna for bluetooth/WLAN applications

The paper presents an O-shape multiband monopole antenna design (Antenna-I) with different patch orientations; 90-degree (Antenna-II) and 180-degree (Antenna-III). The proposed Antenna-I is a multiband integrated wideband monopole antenna with two integrated bands supporting modern wireless services such as Bluetooth and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) in addition to wideband covering upper Ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies. The first band ranges from 2.05 to 3.05 GHz and second band from 3.65 to 3.92 GHz in the −10 dB impedance bandwidth range. The wideband covers upper frequencies (5.24–10.75 GHz) in the range of Ultra-wideband. Antenna-II resonates at 2.38 GHz (2.11–2.90 GHz) covering Bluetooth band and upper UWB region 5.18–10.86 GHz. The proposed Antenna-III covers 1.96–2.33 GHz and 3.74–10.46 GHz frequency bands. The antenna gain at integrated band is around 2.8 dBi and varies from 4 dBi to 8.03 dBi in the UWB region. The measured fidelity factor is 0.89 for face to face and 0.82 for side by side. Measured results are presented to validate the antenna performances.     

Asymmetrical mirror imaged monopole antenna with modified ground structure for DBDP radiations

ABSTRACT

In this article, asymmetrical mirror-imaged monopole antenna comprises a rectangular patch with tuneable stub and supported with modified ground structure (MGS) is investigated. The proposed antenna is characterised for dual band dual polarised (DBDP) radiations and can operate at 2.45 GHz for Wi-Fi and WLAN systems (2.4–2.485 GHz) and 5.45 GHz for WLAN band (WLAN band: 5.2–5.8 GHz) with the corresponding polarisations. A rectangular patch integrated with tuneable stub and a pair of asymmetrical inverted L-shaped slots positioned at ground plane is responsible for circularly polarised higher band; while a parasitic patch is created due to slotting of a mirror-imaged stub from the extended ground plane which is accountable for lower frequency band. The fabricated prototype shows that the measured Impedance bandwidths (VSWR < 2) are 350 and 1770 MHz for lower and higher frequency bands, respectively. The measured axial ratio bandwidth (AR < 3 dB) is yielded as 1450 MHz centred at 5.44 GHz for higher frequency band. The peak gains are measured as 4.3 and 4.15 dB for lower and higher frequency band, respectively. For the prototype antenna, substantial 3-dB beamwidth is found along with good cross polarisation suppression.     

Low profile single feed monopole antenna for quad-band circularly polarised applications

ABSTRACT

A single fed monopole antenna for circularly polarised quad-band applications is presented. The antenna radiator is comprised of half ring-shaped arcs integrated with the 50Ω microstrip feed line. In the proposed design, the circular polarisation is achieved by means of integrating ring, stubs and implanting an open-ended C-shaped slot in the ground surface. The designed antenna has a ?10 dB impedance bandwidth in the range of 2.41 GHz to 4.14 GHz and 4.34 GHz to 6.33 GHz. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth varies from 3.01 to 3.21 GHz, 3.46 to 3.79 GHz, 4.53 to 4.68 GHz and 5.08 to 5.10 GHz, therefore, exciting four circularly polarised bands. The proposed antenna covers almost all the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 standards and may be a suitable candidate for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The optimisation of the designed antenna is conducted using tool Ansys HFSS and found simulated results in a good match with measured results.     

Performances of OSIC Detector of an UpLink OFDM Massive-MIMO System in Rayleigh and Ricain Fading Channels

A compact rectangular microstrip-fed Ultra Wideband patch antenna with double band notched feature at Wi-Max and WLAN is offered in this paper. The designed antenna is composed of an ordinary rectangular patch antenna with a partially defective ground structure. For achieving dual notch characteristics a ‘U’ and ‘Reversed U’ slots are embedded in the radiating patch. The partial ground plane structure with U shaped slot in the middle is incorporated for achieving additional resonance and bandwidth enhancement. The proposed antenna has a measurement of 20 × 33 × 1.6 mm³. First notch created by U shaped slot at frequency 3.5 GHz is for Wi-Max (from 2.9 to 4.5 GHz) and Second notch which is generated by Reversed U shaped slots at frequency 5.4 GHz is for WLAN (from 5.49 to 6.45 GHz). The antenna covers almost complete range of Ultra Wideband (3.1–10.6 GHz). The Simulation analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out using CST-2011 simulation software. The radiation pattern of the simulated antenna is near Omnidirectional and the Gain of proposed antenna is almost stable over the range of UWB excluding notch bands.

     

Design of novel compact eight-element lotus shaped UWB-MIMO antenna with triple-notch characteristics on hollow substrate

The design of novel compact two-element and eight-element lotus shaped multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system employing pattern diversity with enhanced isolation characteristics is presented. The proposed two-element antenna system is arranged rotationally on a square-hollow substrate resulting in an eight-element MIMO antenna system employing pattern diversity. The developed eight-element MIMO antenna system resonates in the frequency range 3.1 to 14.6 GHz housing the complete UWB band with triple band-notch characteristics at 3.7–4.5 GHz (C-band satellite down link [3.7–4.2 GHz]), 5.1–5.9 GHz (WLAN) and 6.8–8.25 GHz (X-band satellite down link (7.25–7.75 GHz) and up link (7.9–8.4 GHz)) bands. The antenna system gives element-to-element isolation of more than 25 dB in the majority of the operating band with a peak gain of 6.8 dBi and a maximum 90% efficiency. The important MIMO metrics like ECC (envelope correlation coefficient), DG (diversity gain), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity losses (CCL) and MEG (mean effective gain) are presented for both two-element and eight-element to estimate the performance the proposed antennas in multi-antenna environments. The both two- and eight-element designs are fabricated and the measured results of those are well agreed with simulation results.     

Design of Compact Planar Triple Band-Notch Monopole Antenna for Ultra-wideband Applications

In this article a microstrip-fed mickey shaped monopole antenna with triple notched band characteristics for ultra-wideband applications is presented. By etching two slots in the ground plane, improved VSWR bandwidth is achieved. Mickey shape radiating patch provides 10 dB return-loss bandwidth from 3.10 to 10.60 GHz. By etching three simple C-shaped slots on the radiating patch, three existing wireless communication systems which interfere with UWB band is removed which includes WiMAX IEEE802.16 (3.30–3.80 GHz), WLAN IEEE802.11a/h/j/n (5.15–5.35, 5.25–5.35, 5.47–5.725, 5.725–5.825 GHz) and X-band downlink satellite system (7.1–7.9 GHz). Experimental results reveal that the proposed antenna exhibits desirable radiation patterns in the far field, resulting omnidirectional like pattern in the H-plane and nearly dipole like pattern in the E-plane.     

Integrated amateur band and ultra-wide band monopole antenna with multiple band-notched

This paper presents the integrated amateur band and ultra-wide band (UWB) monopole antenna with integrated multiple band–notched characteristics. It is designed for avoiding the potential interference of frequencies 3.99 GHz (3.83 GHz–4.34 GHz), 4.86 GHz (4.48 GHz–5.63 GHz), 7.20 GHz (6.10 GHz–7.55 GHz) and 8.0 GHz (7.62 GHz–8.47 GHz) with VSWR 4.9, 11.5, 6.4 and 5.3, respectively. Equivalent parallel resonant circuits have been presented for each band-notched frequencies of the antenna. Antenna operates in amateur band 1.2 GHz (1.05 GHz–1.3 GHz) and UWB band from 3.2 GHz–13.9 GHz. Different substrates are used to verify the working of the proposed antenna. Integrated GSM band from 0.6 GHz to 1.8 GHz can also be achieved by changing the radius of the radiating patch. Antenna gain varied from 1.4 dBi to 9.8 dBi. Measured results are presented to validate the antenna performances.     

一种双阻带椭圆单极子UWB天线的设计

通过仿真与实际测试结合的方法,研究并设计了一种用于UWB通信的、具有双阻带特性的紧凑椭圆单极子天线。双阻带特性是通过在辐射单元上插入一个缝隙和在馈线上引入一共面波导谐振单元实现的。测试结果表明此天线在3.45~3.75 GHz(覆盖了WIMAX频段)和5~6 GHz(覆盖了5.15~5.85 GHz的WLAN频段)分别有两个阻带,此外,驻波系数在3.1~10.6 GHz UWB的范围内小于2。天线的辐射特性也近似于全向。天线的增益和传输函数也证实了天线能达到双阻带特性。     

Compact Planar Monopole Antenna with Dual Band Notched Characteristics Using T-Shaped Stub and Rectangular Mushroom Type Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure for UWB and Bluetooth Applications

In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with dual band-notched characteristics is proposed. The proposed antenna also covers ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical)/Bluetooth band. The antenna consists of a microstrip fed truncated U-shaped patch, T-shaped stub, rectangular mushroom type electromagnetic band gap structures (EBG), and partial ground plane. To mitigate the problem of interference due to standard narrow bands (like wireless interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN)) lie in the range of UWB, dual band notched characteristics is introduced. The WiMAX and WLAN band notched characteristics are realized by introducing a T-shaped stub and rectangular mushroom type EBG structures, respectively. The proposed antenna is printed on a 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate with relative permittivity \((\upvarepsilon _{\mathrm{r}})\) 4.4 and the size of actual antenna is \(36 \times 40\hbox { mm}^{2}\) . The measured results shows that the proposed antenna attains a wide impedance bandwidth \((\hbox {VSWR} \le 2)\) from 2.35 to 11.6 GHz with dual band notched characteristics from 3.29 to 3.9 GHz and 5.1 to 5.85 GHz with stable radiation patterns. The time domain behaviors of the proposed antenna is also analyzed for pulse handling capability.     

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Horseshoe Antenna for Future Cognitive Radio Applications

In this paper, an UWB micro-strip antenna design has been proposed which is suitable for future cognitive radio applications. The geometry of proposed antenna is composed of two semi-circles with their interior modified in order to achieve higher impedance bandwidth. The semi-etched ground provides further bandwidth enhancement. The proposed antenna is fabricated on an inexpensive dielectric substrate FR-4 with relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The overall dimensions of UWB antenna are 60?×?60?×?1.6 mm and have a bandwidth of 5.7 GHz. The designed antenna covers the most commonly used wireless communication bands such as DCS-1800, ISM bands, GPS, Wi-MAX, WLAN, 3G, 4G, etc. The design process and the variations in antenna’s performance due to different parameters has been discussed. The design and simulation of the antenna are carried out in the Ansys Electronic Desktop HFSS. The measured results are in good agreement with simulated results and design theory which shows that the proposed antenna is good candidate for the UWB applications.

     

A compact wide slot antenna with dual band-notch characteristic for ultra-wideband applications

A new type of ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a dual-notched frequency band, compact size of 21?×?28?mm² and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed is proposed in this article. Two notched frequency bands are obtained by embedding two U-shaped slots in the radiation patch and a rectangle slot in the ground plane, which can be controlled by adjusting the length of the responding slots. The frequency domain characteristics are investigated and measured. Both the experimental and numerical results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth ranging from 3.1?GHz to more than 11.0?GHz in which voltage standing wave ratio is less than 2, expect two notch frequency band, 5–6?GHz (WLAN) and 7.7–8.5?GHz (X-band for satellite communications in China).     

A narrow-frame antenna for WWAN/LTE/WiMAX/WLAN mobile phones

In this paper, we present a novel narrow-frame antenna with a size of 75 × 8 × 5.8 mm³ for 5.7 in. mobile phones. The antenna mainly consists of a monopole with four branches that are coupled to a two-branch grounded strip. Our antenna is able to cover more bands than other narrow-frame antennas by excitation of several resonant modes. The improved range of the antenna covers the following eleven bands: LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2300, LTE2500, LTE3400 (3400–3800 MHz)/WiMAX3.5 GHz (3400–3650 MHz), WLAN5.2 GHz (5150–5350 MHz) and WLAN5.8 GHz (5725–5875 MHz). Another advantage of the proposed antenna is that it does not need any lumped element to match the antenna. The working principles of the proposed antenna are thoroughly studied. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured, with the results in good agreement with the simulation results.