溶剂热结晶法制备纳米氧化铁的工艺研究

采用溶剂热结晶法制备工艺,以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)为原料,聚乙二醇为溶剂,NH3H2O为沉淀剂,制备纳米氧化铁.然后利用XRD和SEM等分析手段,对样品进行表征,研究结果如下:当pH由6升高到10时,反应时间由90min可以缩短到30 min,氧化铁的晶体形态从粒状逐渐向片状晶过渡,颜色加深;当反应温度由140℃升高到170℃时,反应时间由90 min缩短到45 min,晶体的平均粒度由50 nm增加到800 nm,均匀性降低,晶体形态由球晶向针状晶过渡,颜色逐渐变红.在本实验条件下,最佳的pH=7,最佳的水热温度为160 ℃,最佳的水热时间为60 min.     

一步溶剂热法制备立方状ITO纳米粉体

通过一步溶剂热法制备出导电性良好的立方状ITO纳米粉体。研究了不同溶剂、反应温度和反应时间对ITO粉体微观结构和电性能的影响。结果表明,以乙二醇为溶剂,在250 ℃下反应24 h,ITO纳米粉体的电阻率最低为0.2 Ω×cm,平均粒径为45.95 nm。随反应时间的延长,通过溶解-再结晶机制,棒状前驱体逐步向立方状In2O3转化。在In2O3晶体形成过程中,乙二醇和四甲基铵根离子吸附在晶体表面,使垂直于(200)晶面的生长速率降低,诱导形成立方状颗粒。     

热处理对油页岩渣微晶玻璃结构的影响

以油页岩渣为主要原料制备了微晶玻璃,采用DTA、XRD、SEM及FT-IR等测试手段,分析了核化温度和晶化温度对微晶玻璃微观结构的影响.结果表明:微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙铁透辉石,次晶相为钙长石;随着热处理温度的升高,晶体的规则程度增加,晶体尺寸和结晶度均呈现先增加后减小,最后回升的趋势;在最佳热处理(850℃×100min 980℃×80min)条件下,微晶玻璃形成纤维状细晶结构,红外吸收带发生最明显的分裂,显微硬度和抗压强度达到最大值.     

等温热处理对B细化Al-7Si合金α相形态及性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和保温时间对B细化Al-7Si合金的α相形态与硬度的影响,并确定了最佳热处理工艺.结果表明:在450℃,当保温时间由3h延长到12h,初生α相的形态由不规则的枝晶向均匀的粒状等轴晶再向蔷薇状组织转变,保温6h时晶粒形态最理想;在300～540℃保温8h时,随温度的升高,初生α相逐渐由发达的树枝晶向蔷薇状枝晶和粒状晶转变,在400℃和450℃时,可得到尺寸较小、分布均匀的粒状初生α相,在450℃以上保温时,初生α相又开始向粗大、无规则形态演变.通过正交试验可知,最佳热处理工艺是(540±10)℃×6h.     

AlSi7Mg合金熔体等温处理中组织形态的演变

研究了AlSi7Mg合金在液相线附近不同的温度下保温时，其凝固组织形态的演变规律。在600—650℃之间不同的温度下对AlSi7Mg合金保温30min处理，研究了合金中初生α相的形态随温度改变而演变的过程。试验结果表明：在605—650℃之间保温时，随着保温温度的降低，初生α相逐渐由发达的树枝晶向蔷薇状枝晶和粒状晶转变；在605℃保温30min，可得到尺寸较小、分布均匀的粒状初生α相，在605℃以下保温时，初生α相又开始向蔷薇状形态演变。另外，在605℃下对AlSi7Mg合金进行不同时间的保温处理，结果显示：随着保温时间由10min延长到60min，初生α相的形态经历了由不规则的枝晶到均匀的粒状等轴晶再到蔷薇状组织的转变过程。     

热型连铸铝线的制备及其显微组织和性能

采用自制的热型连铸设备制备铝线材料,研究铸型温度和拉铸速度等工艺参数对材料表面质量、显微组织及力学性能的影响,通过对最佳工艺条件下制备的铸锭断口形貌进行观察和分析,探讨其相关机理。结果表明:当铸型温度为675~685℃、拉铸速度为90~120 mm/min时,可以制备出表面质量较佳的铸锭;同时,工艺参数会对晶体的择优取向产生一定影响,当铸型温度和拉铸速度分别为680℃和90 mm/min时,晶体的取向更倾向于沿?100?方向生长,铸型温度越高,铸锭力学性能越优异。当拉铸速度为90 mm/min时,制备的热型连铸铝线具有最佳的塑性加工能力。相比于普通多晶铝线,热型连铸铝线具有更好的塑性。     

络合沉淀法制备球形WO_3-NiO复合粉末的研究

本文以硝酸镍、氨水和偏钨酸铵为原料,采用络合沉淀法制备了WO_3-NiO的前驱体,经煅烧得到WO3-Ni O复合粉,研究了反应过程中母液的pH值、反应时间及表面活性剂对前驱体及复合粉的成分、形貌和粒度的影响。结果表明:反应的pH值、反应时间及表面活性剂对复合粉的成分、形貌及粒度有很大影响。当p H值从7.5增大到8.5时,复合粉末中的球形颗粒比例逐渐减少,粉末D50由3.18μm增加到3.99μm,产物中的镍钨比由0.613增加到0.636;反应时间从90 min缩短到30 min时,粉末D50由3.88μm降低到1.74μm,比表面积由5.629 m~2/g升高至8.245 m~2/g,团聚程度和球形度均大幅降低;使用十二烷基硫酸钠作分散剂,能在防止颗粒的团聚长大的同时保持颗粒球形度。     

水热LSS法制备SnO2纳米晶工艺研究

采用LSS法成功地制备出具有规则形状的SnO2纳米晶，并系统研究了水热反应温度、[Sn^4＋]离子浓度、水热反应釜填充比等工艺因素对SnO2纳米晶的晶粒尺寸及相组成的影响。采用X-射线衍射仪、纳米粒度分析仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜对所制备的SnO2纳米晶进行表征。结果表明：所制备的SnO2由直径约为9～11nm的具有规则形状的SnO2纳米晶组成，SnO2纳米晶存在明显的团聚，团聚体的平均颗粒为300nm随着水热反应温度的升高和[Sn^4＋]离子浓度的增加，SnO2纳米晶的晶粒尺寸增大；在50％～70％范围内，水热反应釜填充比对SnO2纳米晶的影响不大。     

水热温度对MnO_2纳米线结构和电容性能的影响

以KMn O4和Mn SO4为原料,采用水热法合成超级电容器电极材料纳米MnO_2,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积测试、循环伏安、恒流充放电和电化学阻抗等方法测试MnO_2的结构和电容性能。结果表明,采用水热法可以合成直径为10~90 nm,长度为1~3 cm的α-MnO_2纳米线;水热温度对MnO_2纳米线的晶粒和形貌影响显著,但不改变MnO_2的晶型;随水热温度升高,MnO_2纳米线的晶粒逐渐长大,同时变长变粗,导致比表面逐渐降低;MnO_2纳米线的比电容随水热温度升高呈先增大后减小,当水热温度为140℃时比电容最大,为227 F/g,同时表现出良好的倍率性能。     

煅烧工艺对YAG:Ce~(3+)荧光粉的显微形貌和发光性能的影响

利用高分子网络凝胶法制备YAG:Ce3+荧光粉,研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间等对荧光粉的晶化过程、显微形貌及发光性能的影响.结果表明:高分子网络凝胶法可在1000℃煅烧温度下获得晶型完整的YAG:Ce3+荧光粉:随着煅烧温度的升高晶粒尺寸增大,1000℃时平均粒径为50nm,在1300℃时平均粒径为120 nm.随温度的升高和粒径的长大其相对发光强度也逐渐提高;随着保温时间的延长,晶粒变化不大,但发光强度逐渐提高,在400 min时由于Ce离子氧化而发生蓝移.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.