CFRP/Al夹层板电磁冲孔分层缺陷研究

目的 研究不同放电能量对CFRP/Al夹层板电磁冲孔分层缺陷的影响.方法 对2.4 mm厚的CFRP/Al夹层板进行电磁冲孔试验,通过超声C扫描无损检测技术、扫描电子显微镜及有限元数值模拟等手段分别对板料分层损伤、横截断面微观形貌及层间分层损伤进行评估,揭示不同放电能量对CFRP/Al夹层板电磁冲孔分层缺陷的影响.结果...     

板料渐进成形数值模拟与实验研究

为提高渐进成形的成形效率和成形质量,了解板料渐进成形的变形规律及工艺参数对成形的影响,采用有限元方法对板料渐进成形过程进行了数值模拟研究,分析了斜壁盒形件渐进成形过程应力分布和厚度变化趋势,通过对不同进给量和不同成形路径进行数值模拟,分析了工艺参数对成形的影响.结果表明,斜壁盒形件最大应力和最大厚度减薄发生在底面拐角处;成形过程中工具头运动轨迹应尽量采用走螺旋线的方式,可以提高成形件的成形能力和成形质量.渐进成形实验表明,数值模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合.     

铝合金板阵列微结构零件电磁冲击液压成形研究

目的 解决室温条件下因铝合金塑性流动不均而导致的零件开裂和尺寸偏差等问题。方法 利用高速冲击提高材料成形极限以及流体均匀载荷精确控形的优势,提出了电磁冲击液压工艺并实现了铝合金阵列结构零件的成形,采用实验手段研究了放电电压和放电次数对零件贴模精度和厚度分布的影响。结果 随着放电电压的增大,零件的成形深度增大。在单次放电8 kV下,板料最大成形深度达到模具深度的97%,连续3次放电8 kV后,零件通道填充率达到89.7%。建立了与物理实验模型一致的电磁-流体-结构的多物理场耦合仿真模型,发现冲击液体对板料施加的瞬态压强超过200 MPa,板料最大变形速度达到40.5 m/s。模拟得到的板料变形轮廓与实验结果一致,证明了多物理场耦合仿真模型的准确性。结论 电磁冲击液压成形是一种新型的高速成形方法,能够实现铝合金阵列微结构零件的精确制造,为提高复杂薄壁难变形构件的成形性能和精度提供了新的技术手段。     

利用高速振动降低零件回弹及蒙皮件制造——电磁成形技术的新应用

目的 为了解决传统大型蒙皮成形需要大型装备及零件回弹大的问题,提出带弹性垫的蒙皮件电磁渐进成形新方法.方法 通过电磁线圈放电,材料在磁压力和弹性垫的反弹力作用下出现高速振动,消除零件回弹.采用ANSYS和ABAQUS有限元分析软件分别进行电磁场和结构场模拟,分析有无弹性垫、线圈结构和放电位置对蒙皮成形质量的影响规律.结果 在无弹性垫的条件下对板料进行冲击,板料上的塑性应变几乎没有变化.如果采用螺旋方形线圈和带弹性垫的成形工艺,虽然板料上的塑性应变增加,但是线圈正对板料区域出现1.5 mm的鼓包.采用电磁屏蔽方法调整板料上的电磁力分布和材料流动,当线圈在6个位置多次放电后,板料回弹明显减低,并且零件表面光滑.结论 在模拟得到的最佳工艺参数下,建立了实验装置,实验结果与模拟一致.     

管件长度对电磁成形线圈放电电流的影响

为研究电磁成形过程线圈放电电流的变化规律,在放电回路分析的基础上,采用试验分析与代数解析相结合的方法研究了管件长度对线圈放电电流的影响.试验结果表明:随着管件长度的增加,线圈放电电流的幅值和频率均增加.通过解析方法定性分析管件长度对线圈放电电流的影响,其结果与试验结果一致.管件长度不同时,放电回路的等效电感不同,管件长度与等效电感成反比.将管件和成形线圈等效为圆柱线圈可定性分析电磁成形系统的电感和互感.     

UOE焊管成形三维有限元模拟

建立了UOE焊管成形过程的三维有限元模型,模拟具有大变形和复杂接触的成形过程,分析板料各个成形段的回弹,获得了不同成形段板料的变形构形、等效塑性应变分布以及成形载荷的变化。研究结果可为UOE工艺设计以及评估成形机组制管能力提供指导。     

铝合金板材磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲过程回弹数值模拟分析

目的揭示铝合金板材磁脉冲辅助弯曲成形对回弹的影响机理。方法基于两种磁脉冲辅助成形方案,采用数值模拟软件LS-DYNA,建立磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲的有限元模型。结果与准静态成形相比,磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲成形能减小板料圆角区的残余应力,方案Ⅰ板料圆角区等效塑性应变大于方案Ⅱ板料圆角区的等效塑性应变;电磁体积力能有效减小回弹,且放电能量越大,回弹角越小;磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲成形能减小板料的弹性应变能。结论相同放电电压下,方案Ⅰ的回弹控制效果好于方案Ⅱ的回弹控制效果。磁脉冲辅助U形弯曲减小回弹的主要原因是板料圆角区残余应力的减小和弹性应变能的降低。     

三维自由弯曲技术及变形区长度优化数值模拟研究

目的 开展自由弯曲变形区长度优化研究,获得外径为15 mm、壁厚为2 mm的6061-T6铝合金管材的最优A值。方法 从三维自由弯曲成形技术的基本原理及控制程序入手,基于有限元分析方法,利用ABAQUS仿真软件对管材三维自由弯曲成形过程进行数值模拟,研究成形过程中管材弯曲变形区的受力过程变化,分析变形区长度(A)对弯曲成形结果的影响规律。基于最优的变形区长度,对制冷系统管路中的6061-T6铝合金复杂空间弯曲构件进行仿真模拟及实际成形试验。结果 试验成形构件尺寸与模拟成形构件尺寸相近且均接近设计尺寸,试验成形构件最大壁厚减薄率不超过9%,最大截面畸变率不超过5%,具有较好的成形质量。结论 目标构件的有限元模拟及成形试验验证了变形区长度优化结果的准确性。     

多点成形中压痕的数值模拟及极限成形力的分析

压痕是多点成形中特有的成形缺陷之一,对压痕形成过程进行模拟时,采用实体单元比壳单元计算更准确.但是板料较薄时,采用实体单元划分的有限元很多,计算时间极长.为获得最佳的计算效率及模拟结果,对不同材料和不同厚度的球面和马鞍面样件进行了对比的数值模拟.结果表明,当板厚与板宽的比值小于0.015时,采用壳单元模拟压痕也能得到比较准确的结果,而当比值大于0.015时,则应采用实体单元.在此基础上,对不同板厚、不同曲率半径下的马鞍面和球面件出现压痕时的极限成形力进行分析,得到了厚向压应变为1%和5%的压痕对应的成形力极限图.     

板料V形弯曲回弹的动力显式有限元分析

板料成形后的回弹对精度影响较大,在数值模拟时对回弹进行精确预测显得非常重要.基于连续介质力学及有限变形理论,建立了适合于三维板料成形分析的显式算法的有限元数学模型,采取集中质量矩阵,用动力显式积分的方法,使位移计算显式化,避免了由材料、几何、边界条件等高度非线性因素引起的计算收敛问题.根据该模型开发了动力显式算法的板料成形过程模拟的有限元分析程序DESSFORM3D,应用该软件模拟了包括回弹在内的整个板料V形弯曲的成形过程.通过3个不同凸模行程时计算与实验的板料几何形状对比以及计算结果与实验结果对比,验证了软件计算结果的准确性.     

Numerical and experimental investigations of laser shock forming aluminum alloy sheet with mold

Laser shock forming (LSF) technology employs shock waves to form sheet metal into three-dimensional complex parts, and has application potential in manufacturing sheet metal parts. In this paper, the forming of 2024 aluminum alloy sheet with LSF was investigated through numerical and experimental methods. The numerical model was established with the commercial code ABAQUS/Explicit. The formed conical cup was obtained from the simulation, and validated by the experiment. With the verified numerical model, the deformation behaviors, including deformation velocity, sheet thickness variation and strain distribution, were studied. In addition, the influence of different shock wave pressures on the forming precision was also investigated. The experimental and numerical results show that the metal sheet loaded by shock wave can take the shape of the mold, and the non-uniform thickness is distributed in the formed cup. The investigations also display that there exists reverse deformation at the central region of deforming sheet owing to severe collision during LSF. In order to obtain formed part with better quality, an appropriate pressure of applied shock waves is required.     

Finite element modelling and experimental investigation of single point incremental forming process of aluminum sheets: influence of process parameters on punch force monitoring and on mechanical and geometrical quality of parts

New trends in sheet metal forming are rapidly developing and several new forming processes have been proposed to accomplish the goals of flexibility and cost reduction. Among them, Incremental CNC sheet forming operations (ISF) are a relatively new sheet metal forming processes for small batch production and prototyping. In single point incremental forming (SPIF), the final shape of the component is obtained by the CNC relative movements of a simple and small punch which deform a clamped blank into the desired shape and which appear quite promising. No other dies are required than the ones used in any conventional sheet metal forming processes. As it is well known, the design of a mechanical component requires some decisions about the mechanical resistance and geometrical quality of the parts and the product has to be manufactured with a careful definition of the process set up. The use of computers in manufacturing has enabled the development of several new sheet metal forming processes, which are based upon older technologies. Although standard sheet metal forming processes are strongly controlled, new processes like single point incremental sheet forming can be improved. The SPIF concept allows to increase flexibility and to reduce set up costs. Such a process has a negative effect on the shape accuracy by initiating undesired rigid movement and sheet thinning. In the paper, the applicability of the numerical technique and the experimental test program to incremental forming of sheet metal is examined. Concerning the numerical simulation, a static implicit finite element code ABAQUS/Standard is used. These two techniques emphasize the necessity to control some process parameters to improve the final product quality. The reported approaches were mainly focused on the influence of four process parameters on the punch force trends generated in this forming process, the thickness and the equivalent plastic deformation distribution within the whole volume of the workpiece: the initial sheet thickness, the wall angle, the workpiece geometry and the nature of tool path contours controlled through CNC programming. The tool forces required to deform plastically the sheet around the contact area are discussed. The effect of the blank thickness and the tool path on the punch load and the deformation behaviour is also examined with respect to several tool paths. Furthermore, the force acting on the traveling tool is also evaluated. Similar to the sheet thickness, the effect of wall angle and part geometry on the load evolution, the distribution of calculated equivalent plastic strain and the variation of sheet thickness strain are also discussed. Experimental and numerical results obtained allow having a better knowledge of mechanical and geometrical responses from different parts manufactured by SPIF with the aim to improve their accuracy. It is also concluded that the numerical simulation might be exploited for optimization of the incremental forming process of sheet metal.     

Simulation of a two-slope pyramid made by SPIF using an adaptive remeshing method with solid-shell finite element

Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is an emerging application in sheet metal prototyping and small batch production, which enables dieless production of sheet metal parts. This research area has grown in the last years, both experimentally and numerically. However, numerical investigations into SPIF process need further improvement to predict the formed shape correctly and faster than current approaches. The current work aims the use of an adaptive remeshing technique, originally developed for shell and later extended to 3D “brick” elements, leading to a Reduced Enhanced Solid-Shell formulation. The CPU time reduction is a demanded request to perform the numerical simulations. A two-slope pyramid shape is used to carry out the numerical simulation and modelling. Its geometric difficulty on the numerical shape prediction and the through thickness stress behaviour are the main analysis targets in the present work. This work confirmed a significant CPU time reduction and an acceptable shape prediction accuracy using an adaptive remeshing method combined with the selected solid-shell element. The stress distribution in thickness direction revealed the occurrence of bending/unbending plus stretching and plastic deformation in regions far from the local deformation in the tool vicinity.     

薄板类件多点成形过程的数值模拟

以希尔关于弹塑性材料唯一性的充分性条件为理论基础,采用虚功率增率型原理,建立了多点成形的有限元模型,探讨了板材厚度、材质及弹性介质等因素对成形结果的影响,通过数值模拟找出参数合适的弹性介质,并对薄板类件的多点成形过程进行了实验验证.研究表明,通过使用参数合适的弹性介质,可以有效抑制压痕现象的产生,并能保证工件的成形精度;实验验证表明对马鞍形件多点成形过程中压痕现象的模拟是合理的.     

板材电磁成形技术研究进展

电磁成形是一种典型的高速率成形技术,能显著提高材料的成形性能,并已经成功应用于金属板材成形领域,获得了很好的成形效果.为了能够继续扩大电磁成形技术在板材成形方面的应用,对目前板材电磁成形技术研究进展进行了综述.首先介绍了电磁成形工艺的原理与主要特点;分析了目前电磁成形技术、电磁辅助冲压成形技术在金属板材成形方面的研究进...     

汽车尾灯支架装配变形的数值模拟与验证

目的 深入研究汽车尾灯装配变形,建立可以精确预测尾灯装配变形的有限元方案。方法 通过数字图像相关法研究了尾灯紧固过程中钣金支架的变形情况,获得了支架上关键位置的变形规律。引入有限元仿真分析方法,建立了全工况有限元仿真分析模型,对尾灯装配的整个过程进行数值仿真。结果 获得了装配后钣金变形量的预测值,通过对3类尾灯的装配过程进行仿真分析,对比实际测量的钣金支架变形数据,验证了该模型能够较为精确地预测尾灯装配中的变形误差。结论 提出了尾灯装配定位基准与螺栓紧固点分离的解决方案,从设计上有效避免了新车型尾灯装配超差问题的产生。     

基于模态灵敏度分析的客车车身优化

针对提高国产某轻型客车的乘坐舒适性,解决车内振动和噪声剧烈问题,本文首先基于有限元仿真和道路试验的阶次跟踪方法进行振动和噪声原因分析,所确定的原因为轮胎激励引起的车身结构共振。为避免共振,以白车身钣金件和骨架的厚度为设计变量,以提高白车身前两阶固有频率为目的,用模态灵敏度理论对白车身进行优化设计和灵敏度分析。然后结合各钣金件和骨架的模态灵敏度和质量灵敏度,设计最优的改进方案并进行试验分析。对比优化前后的试验结果,验证了该优化方案的有效性与合理性。     

铝合金双曲率薄壁件电磁渐进辅助拉伸成形工艺方案设计与开发

目的 针对铝合金双曲率薄壁件传统拉伸成形工艺成形均匀性差的问题,提出一种采用电磁渐进辅助拉伸成形的高精度成形工艺。方法 设计电磁渐进辅助拉伸成形工艺方案,基于有限元仿真软件LS-DYNA R13.0,建立拉伸成形和电磁成形有限元模型。通过数值仿真研究线圈移动路径和放电电压组合对成形质量的影响以及薄壁件的整体贴模成形过程和等效塑性应变。结果 与单程放电相比,双程放电能够大幅度提高板材变形均匀性。与以中间值电压连续放电以及先大电压后小电压的放电电压组合相比,在先小电压后大电压的放电电压组合下,板材的成形质量更高。选择线圈双程顺序移动路径和7 kV-10 kV放电电压组合,通过10次拉伸和9层54次放电,得到了减薄率仅为3%的贴模性良好的双曲率薄壁件。变形量基本呈现随着放电层数的增加而不断降低的趋势。电磁放电仅扩展更大的塑性应变区域,不改变已贴模区板材的塑性应变值。结论 与拉伸成形相比,电磁渐进辅助拉伸成形工艺有效提高了板材的塑性变形程度并极大控制了回弹的发生。     

薄板剪应力起皱研究

以Hill关于弹塑性失稳理论为基础,建立了剪应力起皱失稳的速度场分布,给出了临界起皱剪应力理论计算结果,分析了板料屈服强度、硬化指数、板厚方向性指数及板料厚度对临界剪应力的影响,并与实验和数值模拟结果进行了对比。研究表明:薄板在剪应力作用下可以产生起皱,临界剪应力理论计算、实验及数值模拟结果基本相符,临界剪应力随屈服强度σs减小、硬化指数n值的增大、板厚方向性指数r值的增大、板料厚度t的增大而增大。