基于软K段主曲线算法的字符特征提取研究及实现

要提高脱机手写字符识别的识别率,关键是特征的提取。主曲线是主成分分析的非线性推广,是通过数据分布“中间”并满足“自相合”的光滑曲线。通过对现有主曲线算法分析可知：软K段主曲线算法对提取出分布在弯曲度很大或相交曲线周围的数据的主曲线效果较好。因此本文尝试用谊主曲线算法来提取脱机手写字符的结构特征。实验结果表明,利用该主曲线算法来提取脱机手写字符的结构特征不但是可行的,而且取得较好的实验效果。它为脱机手写字符特征提取的研究提供了一条新途径。     

基于FPGA的车牌字符识别方法的研究

设计了根据车牌的彩色特征对车牌位置进行粗定位,再利用车牌字符二值化特征来精确定位的双重车牌定位方法。在中值滤波和二值化等预处理后,提取出车牌中的字母和数字字符并建立相应的模板,通过字符归一化在NIOSII中采用最大相似度算法较好的识别了车牌号码。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的实时性和较高的识别率。     

基于小波矩和主分量分析的车牌字符识别方法

随着物联网技术的发展,车联网的应用日益广泛,从而对车牌字符的识别提出了更高的要求,而字符识别的关键在于特征的提取和选择。提出了一种基于小波矩和主分量分析提取和选择特征向量的方法。该方法首先通过小波矩提取字符的特征,然后通过主分量分析对提取的特征进行选择,最后将特征向量送入BP神经网络进行字符识别。该方法能够很好的反映图像的全局特征和局部特征,并且具有较强的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明,该方法可以得到较好的识别效果。     

基于OpenCV与SVM的车牌识别方法

为了提高车牌识别效率,论文提出了一种基于OpenCV与SVM的车牌识别方法.用Canny算子获取图像边缘轮廓信息,基于SURF算法对车牌进行特征提取,并结合HSV颜色空间来定位车牌位置;基于垂直投影方法来提取车牌字符特征,再利用SVM算法实现对车牌字符的识别.该方法利用计算机视觉库OpenCV实现,利用OpenCV封装的SURF算法和SVM算法实现车牌识别,实验表明,该方法有较高的识别效率.     

一种字符组合词包模型的少约束车牌定位算法

针对如何在复杂背景、拍摄角度和车牌尺度发生变化等少约束条件下实现基于字符组合词包模型的车牌定位算法。本文首先构造包含车牌数字字符和英文字符的数据库;然后利用本算法识别提取车牌字符的SIFT特征,并精准计算识别特征点在字符识别区域的相对位置、物理方向等信息组成视觉识别词汇;最后把本车牌字符的视觉词汇聚合后搭建车牌字符视觉词包数据库。在识别阶段,提取待识别图像SIFT特征与视觉词包中的视觉词汇进行匹配,并聚合所有有效投票位置来实现车牌区域的准确识别定位。仿真结果表明,本文算法对于背景复杂下的车牌区域定位具有较好的效果。     

基于主曲线算法的手写字符特征分析与提取

模式特征的提取与选择是提高手写体字符识别率的关键因素。主曲线是主成分分析的非线性推广,它是通过数据分布“中间”并满足“自相合”的光滑曲线,能够很好地描述数据分布的结构特征。利用软K段主曲线算法提取训练数据的特征,在分析手写体字符结构特点的基础上,选出手写体字符识别所使用的粗分类与细分类特征,利用这些分类特征对手写字符进行识别。该方法在CEDAR手写体数字和字符数据库上的实验表明：选取的分类特征能够有效区分相似的手写体字符,提高手写字符的识别率,为脱机手写字符识别研究提供了一种新的方法。     

基于HSV颜色空间和SVM的车牌提取算法

为了克服HSV算法在车牌提取中存在与车牌颜色相近的类似车牌区域的干扰,提出一种基于HSV颜色空间和 SVM 相结合的车牌提取算法,该方法能够较好的对多种车牌实现精确定位与提取。首先根据字符的边界特征和HSV颜色空间分别对蓝色和黄色车牌进行粗定位,获得几个车牌候选区;然后使用训练好的SVM分类器进行字符与非字符分类;最后根据车牌特征实现定位与提取。实验表明,该方法取得了良好的效果。     

基于灰度图像的车牌字符提取算法研究

本文提出了一种基于灰度图像的车牌字符提取算法,该算法利用Canny算子提取车牌灰度图像中的字符。车牌字符提取后,采用迭代分割法求出最佳阈值对图像进行阈值化处理,结合形态学方法填充字符中的空隙。在VisualC＋＋6.0编程环境下进行了算法实现,实验结果表明,与传统的字符提取算法相比,该算法不仅具有较强的字符提取能力,明显降低噪声对检测结果的影响,而且字符边缘的连接较好,为后期车牌字符的识别提供了技术基础。     

局部HOG和分层LBP特征融合的车牌字符识别

针对车牌字符识别中模板匹配法识别率低,尤其是无法准确识别相似字符的不足,提出了一种局部HOG和分层LBP特征融合的车牌字符识别方法. 首先利用模板匹配法对车牌所有字符进行初步识别,然后利用HOG算子提取车牌和模板相似字符中最具区分度的一小块边缘特征,接着利用LBP算子提取原始车牌和模板相似字符中相同区域块的分层纹理特征,将两种特征串行融合构建串行特征向量,最后根据特征向量之间的卡方距离来度量车牌字符和模板字符的相似性,进而完成二次识别. 通过实验比较了11种算法的识别性能,结果表明本文方法有效地解决了相似字符误识别的问题,在保证识别速率的同时识别率显著提高,达到99.52%.     

基于SCG-BP神经网络的车牌字符识别

针对传统BP网络算法存在车牌字符识别速度慢和准确率低的问题,提出了一种SCG优化的BP神经网络车牌字符识别的算法.通过对BP神经网络的输入和算法进行改进实现提高神经网络对字符的识别效率.对输入的优化是使用主成分分析法进行车牌字符特征提取,将提取的特征作为BP神经网络的输入.对算法的优化是使用成比例共轭梯度下降法寻找网络最优连接权重.仿真实验表明,SCG-BP神经网络大幅度缩短识别时间并且提高了准确率,确定隐含层神经元个数为110.该算法对车牌字符的识别率可以达到95％以上,取得结果达到预期,改进的算法有一定的实践可行性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.