基于扩展查询表达式的XML关键字查询

目前可扩展标示语言(XML)关键字查询大多是基于最小公共祖先(LCA)语义子树产生查询结果,而未能加入除LCA语义子树之外与用户查询意图相关的结果。为解决该问题,提出一种基于扩展查询表达式的XML关键字查询方法。将用户查询日志作为查询扩展统计模型,对其进行统计分析,并结合最佳检索概念判断是否需要扩展查询表达式。使用XML TF-IDF方法计算候选属性的权重,根据初检结果的上下文信息,利用聚类方法获得与查询意图最相关的扩展查询关键字,从而扩展查询表达式。实验结果表明,与XSeek和基于语义词典的查询扩展方法相比,该方法的平均F度量值分别提高了7%和17%,具有较高的查询质量。     

基于最小相关实体子树的XML关键字查询算法

针对目前XML关键字查询结果中包含了许多无意义的节点的问题,提出了一种语义相关的查询算法。由于XML文档具有半结构化和自描述的特点,通过充分利用节点间的语义相关性,提出了最小最低实体子树（SLEST）的概念,在这个概念中,关键字之间仅存在物理连接关系;为了捕获关键字之间的IDREF引用关系,提出基于最小相关实体子树（SIEST）的算法,并利用最小最低实体子树和最小相关实体子树代替最小最低公共祖先（SLCA）作为查询结果。实验结果表明,提出的算法能有效提高XML关键字查询结果的查准率。     

一种基于节点语义相关性的XML关键字查询算法

现有的XML关键字查询算法,通常只考虑节点间的结构信息,以包含关键字匹配节点的子树作为查询的结果,而节点间的语义相关性一直没有被充分利用。这也是导致现有查询算法的结果中普遍含有大量语义无关的冗余信息的主要原因。在该文中,我们首先对查询关键字的环境语义及节点间的语义相关性进行了定义,在此基础上,提出了一种新的关键字查询算法,寻找语义相关单元作为关键字查询的结果。这样获得的查询结果,一方面不含语义无关的冗余信息,另一方面也与用户的查询意图更加匹配。实验表明,该文提出的算法在查询效率和精确性上都有较大改进。     

图结构模糊XML文档上的模式匹配算法

模糊XML文档是指包含不确定信息的XML文档。在模糊XML文档查询方面,现有的研究成果较少,并且都是基于树型结构的XML文档进行的。针对图结构下模糊XML文档的特征,设计了一组高效的图结构模糊XML文档上的模式匹配算法。该算法基于一种适合于图结构文档的索引方式,采用自底向上的结点匹配顺序,大大减少了结点的重复判断操作,也不需要进行局部匹配结果的归并以及针对PC关系设计额外的过滤函数。理论分析以及实验结果证明,提出的模式匹配算法不仅在小枝查询性能上优于现有的相关算法,而且能够较好地实现DAG模式匹配查询。     

基于关键字之间结构关系的XML查询结果排序方法

非空结果的XML关键字查询中,多个查询关键字之间必然存在联系,这种联系可以通过SLCA(最紧致片段)的结构关系获得.基于SLCA的结构关系,提出了一种推测多个关键字内在联系的XML关键字查询结果排序方法:通过LISA Ⅱ 算法获得SLCA;根据SLCA的结构信息推测出各个关键字之间的内在结构关系,得到所有关键字组成的关系树;然后根据关系树中各关键字对查询结点的严格程度得到对应SLCA的重要程度,据此得到有序的SLCA并输出.该方法利用了XML文档的结构信息对查询结果进行排序.实验结果和分析表明,提出的方法具有较高的准确率,能够较好地满足当前用户的需求和偏好.     

基于关键字密度的XML关键字检索

关键字检索具有友好的用户操作体验,该检索方式已在文本信息检索领域得到了广泛而深入的应用.对XML数据采用关键字检索是目前研究的热点.基于查询语义的XML关键字检索方法存在返回大量与用户查询意图无关的查询片段或者丢失符合用户查询意图的片段这两个问题.针对这些问题,在考虑LCA横向和纵向两个维度的基础上,提出了用户查询意图与LCA相关性的两个规则,根据两个规则定义了LCA的边密度和路径密度,建立了综合的LCA节点评分公式,最后设计TopLCA-K算法对LCA进行排名,并利用中心位置索引CI提高了TopLCA-K算法的效率.实验结果显示,利用所提出的方法返回的查询节点更加符合用户需求.     

综合文档语义与用户查询语义的XML关键字检索

为了解决XML关键字查询中语义信息丢失的问题,提出了一种语义相关的关键字检索方法。利用文档的半结构化特点提取文档隐含的语义,利用查询语法捕获用户查询意图,然后根据用户意图查询满足条件的元素,并结合文档语义,由最小最近公共祖先改进为语义相关实体子树集来表达查询结果。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效提高关键字检索结果的查准率。     

FastMatch:an efficient algorithm for XML keyword search

现有的XML关键字查询方法包括两步:确定满足特定语义的节点;构建满足特定条件的子树.这种处理方式需要多次扫描关键字倒排表,效率低下.针对这一问题,提出快速分组方法来减少扫描倒排表次数,进而基于快速分组方法提出FastMatch算法.该算法仅需扫描一次关键字倒排表就能构建满足特定条件的子树,从而提高了查询效率.最后通过实验验证了该方法的高效性.     

XML文档流上的一种关键字查询方法研究

本文将当前数据库领域的2个研究热点-XML文档和数据流处理一的最新研究结合起来,提出了XML文档流关键字查询的问题。基于最小连通子树的概念。设计了相应的数据结构和基于栈的查询算法,可以有效解决XML文档流上进行关键字查询的问题。具体方法是把XML数据流表示成3类SAX事件：BEGIN（tag）、END（tag）和TEXT0。对每类事件的处理算法进行了详细,并进行了正确性证明。从理论上分析了算法的复杂度,并在XMark和treebank．xml两个数据集上对所提方法进行了广泛的实验。结果验证了本文工作的有效性。     

FastMatch:一种高效的XML关键字查询算法

现有的XML关键字查询方法包括两步:确定满足特定语义的节点;构建满足特定条件的子树。这种处理方式需要多次扫描关键字倒排表,效率低下。针对这一问题,提出快速分组方法来减少扫描倒排表次数,进而基于快速分组方法提出FastMatch算法。该算法仅需扫描一次关键字倒排表就能构建满足特定条件的子树,从而提高了查询效率。最后通过实验验证了该方法的高效性。     

ELCA evaluation for keyword search on probabilistic XML data

As probabilistic data management is becoming one of the main research focuses and keyword search is turning into a more popular query means, it is natural to think how to support keyword queries on probabilistic XML data. With regards to keyword query on deterministic XML documents, ELCA (Exclusive Lowest Common Ancestor) semantics allows more relevant fragments rooted at the ELCAs to appear as results and is more popular compared with other keyword query result semantics (such as SLCAs). In this paper, we investigate how to evaluate ELCA results for keyword queries on probabilistic XML documents. After defining probabilistic ELCA semantics in terms of possible world semantics, we propose an approach to compute ELCA probabilities without generating possible worlds. Then we develop an efficient stack-based algorithm that can find all probabilistic ELCA results and their ELCA probabilities for a given keyword query on a probabilistic XML document. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the proposed ELCA algorithm and compare it with its SLCA counterpart in aspects of result probability, time and space efficiency, and scalability.     

Object-stack: An object-oriented approach for top-k keyword querying over fuzzy XML

Keyword search is the most popular technique of searching information from XML (eXtensible markup language) document. It enables users to easily access XML data without learning the structure query language or studying the complex data schemas. Existing traditional keyword query methods are mainly based on LCA (lowest common ancestor) semantics, in which the returned results match all keywords at the granularity of elements. In many practical applications, information is often uncertain and vague. As a result, how to identify useful information from fuzzy data is becoming an important research topic. In this paper, we focus on the issue of keyword querying on fuzzy XML data at the granularity of objects. By introducing the concept of “object tree”, we propose the query semantics for keyword query at object-level. We find the minimum whole matching result object trees which contain all keywords and the partial matching result object trees which contain partial keywords, and return the root nodes of these result object trees as query results. For effectively and accurately identifying the top-K answers with the highest scores, we propose a score mechanism with the consideration of tf*idf document relevance, users’ preference and possibilities of results. We propose a stack-based algorithm named object-stack to obtain the top-K answers with the highest scores. Experimental results show that the object-stack algorithm outperforms the traditional XML keyword query algorithms significantly, and it can get high quality of query results with high search efficiency on the fuzzy XML document.     

Top-k answers for XML keyword queries

Searching XML data using keyword queries has attracted much attention because it enables Web users to easily access XML data without having to learn a structured query language or study possibly complex data schemas. Most of the current approaches identify the meaningful results of a given keyword query based on the semantics of lowest common ancestor (LCA) and its variants. However, given the fact that LCA candidates are usually numerous and of low relevance to the users?? information need, how to effectively and efficiently identify the most relevant results from a large number of LCA candidates is still a challenging and unresolved issue. In this article, we introduce a novel semantics of relevant results based on mutual information between the query keywords. Then, we introduce a novel approach for identifying the relevant answers of a given query by adopting skyline semantics. We also recommend three different ranking criteria for selecting the top-k relevant results of the query. Efficient algorithms are proposed which rely on some provable properties of the dominance relationship between result candidates to rapidly identify the top-k dominant results. Extensive experiments were conducted to evaluate our approach and the results show that the proposed approach has a good performance compared with other existing approaches in different data sets and evaluation metrics     

XML 关键词检索的查询理解

与纯文本文档集相比,使用语义标签标注的半结构化的XML文档集,有助于信息检索系统更好地理解待检索文档.同样,结构化查询,比如SQL,XQuery和Xpath,相对于纯关键词查询更加清晰地表达了用户的查询意图.这二者都能够帮助信息检索系统获得更好的检索精度.但关键词查询因其简单和易用性,仍被广泛使用.提出了XNodeRelation算法,以自动推断关键词查询的结构化信息(条件/目标节点类型).与已有的推断算法相比,综合了XML文档集的模式和统计信息以及查询关键词出现的上下文及其关联关系等推断用户的查询意图.大量的实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

Keyword query with structure: towards semantic scoring of XML search results

Keyword search is an effective paradigm for information discovery and has been introduced recently to query XML documents. Scoring of XML search results is an important issue in XML keyword search. Traditional “bag-of-words” model cannot differentiate the roles of keywords as well as the relationship between keywords, thus is not proper for XML keyword queries. In this paper, we present a new scoring method based on a novel query model, called keyword query with structure (QWS), which is specially designed for XML keyword query. The method is based on a totally new view taken by the QWS model on a keyword query that, a keyword query is a composition of several query units, each representing a query condition. We believe that this method captures the semantic relevance of the search results. The paper first introduces an algorithm reformulating a keyword query to a QWS. Then, a scoring method is presented which measures the relevance of search results according to how many and how well the query conditions are matched. The scoring method is also extended to clusters of search results. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of our methods.     

TDCOL:列式存储的XML关键字查询处理策略

针对已有方法在XML数据上基于SLCA(smallest lowest common ancestor)语义处理查询时存在的冗余计算问题,提出了一种基于列存储的倒排索引CList,用于避免已有方法的倒排表中相同数据重复存储的问题。基于CList,提出了一种自顶向下的查询处理算法TDCOL(top-down SLCA computation based oncol-umn storage)来提升系统的处理性能。对于给定查询Q={k1,k2,...,km}的每个公共祖先结点,TDCOL在保证仅处理一次的情况下即可得到所有满足条件的结果,因而将时间复杂度降为O(m′|LID1|′lb|Skmaxch(v)|),其中|LID1|是Q的最短倒排表中包含的不同ID值的数目,Skmaxch(v)是所有被处理结点的包含关键字的孩子结点集中的最大集合。最后通过比较各种指标,从不同角度对TDCOL算法的性能优势进行了验证。     

面向PSTP查询的高效处理算法

在使用"不完全结构的约束查询(PSTP查询)"从XML文档中获取信息时,用户可以根据自身对XML文档结构的熟悉程度,在查询表达式中灵活地嵌入结构约束条件,从而满足完全不了解、完全了解及了解部分结构信息的各种用户的查询需求。提出一种基于扩展Dewey编码的查询处理算法,可以在仅扫描一遍元素的情况下,处理任意形式的PSTP查询。不同数据集上的实验结果表明,EDPS算法在处理twig查询、不包含"*"结点的PSTP查询及包含"*"结点的PSTP查询时,综合性能明显优于已有方法。     

Keyword proximity search in XML trees

Recent works have shown the benefits of keyword proximity search in querying XML documents in addition to text documents. For example, given query keywords over Shakespeare's plays in XML, the user might be interested in knowing how the keywords cooccur. In this paper, we focus on XML trees and define XML keyword, proximity queries to return the (possibly heterogeneous) set of minimum connecting trees (MCTs) of the matches to the individual keywords in the query. We consider efficiently executing keyword proximity queries on labeled trees (XML) in various settings: 1) when the XML database has been preprocessed and 2) when no indices are available on the XML database. We perform a detailed experimental evaluation to study the benefits of our approach and show that our algorithms considerably outperform prior algorithms and other applicable approaches.     

Topological operators: a relaxed query processing approach

Relaxation and approximation techniques have been proposed as approaches for improving the quality of query results, in terms of completeness and accuracy, in environments where the user may not be able to specify the query in a complete and exact way, since data are quite heterogeneous or she may not know all the characteristics of data at hand. This problem, mainly addressed for relational and XML data, is nowadays quite relevant also for geo-spatial data, due to their increasing usage in highly critical decisional processes. Among geo-spatial queries, those based on spatial and more precisely topological relations are currently used in an increasing number of applications. As far as we know, no approach has been proposed so far for relaxing queries based on topological predicates when they return an empty or insufficient answer, in order to improve result quality and user satisfaction. In this paper, we consider this problem and we present a general relaxation strategy for, possibly multi-domain, topological selection and join queries. Two specific semantics are also provided: the first applies the minimum amount of relaxation in order to get an acceptable answer; the second relaxes the given query of a certain fixed amount, depending on the considered topological predicate. Index-based processing algorithms, for efficiently executing relaxed queries based on the proposed semantics, are also presented and a specific topological similarity function, to be used for relaxation purposes, is proposed. Experimental results show that the overhead given by query relaxation is acceptable.